HMS Jervis

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HMS Jervis
Jervis, 1939
Jervis , 1939
Ship data
flag United KingdomUnited Kingdom (Naval War Flag) United Kingdom
Ship type destroyer
class J class
Shipyard Hawthorn Leslie , Hebburn
Build number 614
Order March 23, 1937
Keel laying August 26, 1937
Launch September 9, 1938
takeover May 10, 1939
Whereabouts January 1949 demolished
Ship dimensions and crew
length
108.7 m ( Lüa )
103.5 m ( Lpp )
width 10.9 m
Draft Max. 4.22 m
displacement 1773  ts standard;
2,384 ts maximum
 
crew 218 men
Machine system
machine 2 Admiralty three-drum boilers ,
Parsons geared turbines
Machine
performance 		40,000 PSw
Top
speed 		36 kn (67 km / h)
propeller 2
Armament

last:

Sensors

1942: Radar type 282, 285, 290

HMS Jervis (F00) was the flotilla of destroyers of the J-Class of the Royal Navy . The ship, built by Hawthorn, Leslie & Co. in Hebburn on the Tyne , was the first of the new destroyer class to be started in 1937. It came on May 10, 1939 to Jackal and Jersey in the service of the Royal Navy, where the J-class formed the "7th Destroyer Flotilla". Only the Jaguar came to the fleet shortly after the start of the war on September 12, 1939.

The Jervis was considered a lucky ship, as only she and the Javelin survived the war while the other six ships in the class were lost. Despite intensive participation in the war, not a single crew member is said to have died from enemy action. With thirteen battle honors , the destroyer was one of the Royal Navy's most awarded ships in World War II . She was awarded for the missions Mediterranean 1940–44 , Libya 1940–42 , Matapan 1941 , Sfax 1941 , Crete 1941 , Malta Convoys 1941–42 , Sirte 1942 , Sicily 1943 , Salerno 1943 , Aegean 1943 , Anzio 1944 , Adriatic 1944 and Normandy 1944 .

history

HMS Jervis was laid as the first ship of the new destroyer class on August 26, 1937 at Hawthorn, Leslie & Co. together with the sister ship Kelly . As the first ship of the Royal Navy to be named Jervis , the newbuilding with hull number 614 was launched in Hebburn on September 9, 1938 . It was named after Admiral Sir John Jervis, Earl St Vincent . The Jervis was completed at the shipyard as the J-class flotilla leader . As with the previously built destroyers of the Tribal class , the flotilla commanders of the new destroyers only differed from the normal destroyers in their superstructures and the room layout, but not in their armament. On May 10, 1939, the Jervis was taken over as the third ship of the class in the service of the Navy, in which the eight units of the J-class formed the 7th destroyer flotilla, which was assigned to the Home Fleet . At the beginning of the war, seven units of the class were in service with the Royal Navy. Only the Jaguar joined the fleet shortly after the start of the war on September 12, 1939.

Calls

At the beginning of the war, the Jervis went with her flotilla to her war station in Immingham for the Humber Force , which also included the cruisers Southampton and Glasgow . The units were used as far as the Norwegian coast. On September 4, the German freighter Johannes Molkenbuhr (Hugo-Stinnes-Linien, 5294 BRT) sank itself near Stadlandet before it could be boarded by the Jervis prize squad. The destroyer remained in service with the Home Fleet until the spring of 1940, securing advances by the heavy units, looking for submarines or German merchant ships that were trying to reach home.

On March 19, 1940, while securing a convoy , the Jervis rammed a Swedish steamer and suffered severe damage to the bow. The necessary and extensive repair of the destroyer was carried out at Swan Hunter in Wallsend . The Jervis was not ready for action again until the beginning of June and was not available for missions off Norway and for evacuating Allied troops from mainland Europe. During the repair time of the Jervis , the "7th Destroyer Flotilla" was also disbanded. The J- and K-class destroyers remaining with the Home Fleet were combined in the “5th Destroyer Flotilla”, while the units of the two classes, which were relocated to the Mediterranean from mid-May 1940, formed a new flotilla there with the 14th.

Operations in the Mediterranean

On June 27, 1940, the destroyer then moved to the Mediterranean to take over the leadership of the newly formed "14th Destroyer Flotilla" in the Mediterranean Fleet . The newly appointed governor of Gibraltar was on board as a passenger to his new place of employment . The flotilla included the Janus , Juno , Nubian and Mohawk , which were relocated to the Mediterranean in May , as well as the “28th Destroyer Division” with Kandahar , Kimberley and Kingston ( Khartoum had already been lost on the 23rd), which was assigned to the “Red Sea Force” .

With Diamond and the Australian Vendetta , the destroyer accompanied the first convoy from Malta to Alexandria after Italy entered the war, with which civil servants and family members were evacuated from Malta. In the months that followed, Jervis secured movements of the Mediterranean fleet, supply escorts, Allied merchant ships or damaged ships. She looked for submarines of the Axis powers and occasionally intervened in the land battles in North Africa. At the end of October, the Jervis advanced with Juno and the light cruisers Orion and Sydney through the Aegean Sea to the Dardanelles to combat contraband transporting ships.

1941

The first major deployment of the Jervis in 1941 was participation in Operation Excess , with which various British convoys from Gibraltar, Malta and Alexandria to Malta, Greece and Egypt were secured and in which almost all British units of the Force H and the Mediterranean Fleet were secured were involved. Jervis belonged to the "Force A" of the Mediterranean fleet, which should secure all convoys east of the Strait of Sicily with the aircraft carrier Illustrious and the battleships Warspite and Valiant as well as the other destroyers Nubian , Mohawk , Dainty , Gallant , Greyhound and Griffin . South-east of Malta, the association was reinforced on January 9th by the heavy cruiser York and the light cruisers Orion , Ajax and the Australians Perth and Sydney . At dusk, the association met the transporters coming from Gibraltar, one of which was destined for Malta and three for Greece. The direct convoy security consisted of the cruiser Bonaventure and the destroyers Jaguar , Hero , Hasty and Hereward , which had 400 soldiers of the Army and the Air Force for Malta on board. In addition, the cruisers HMS Gloucester , Southampton and the destroyers Ilex and Janus of the Mediterranean fleet had entered the Strait of Sicily , which had previously brought 500 soldiers of the Army and the Air Force from the Aegean to Malta. The convoy was attacked for the first time by the Italian Air Force on the 9th, while Force H was protecting it. In the early morning of the 10th, an Italian submarine attack followed, followed by two Italian torpedo boats near Pantelleria , one of which was sunk.

From January 20th to 22nd, the destroyers Jervis , Janus , Juno and Greyhound moved at high speed from Alexandria via Suda Bay to Malta to accompany the heavily damaged aircraft carrier Illustrious from there to Alexandria from 23 to 25th after the arsenal Malta had temporarily repaired the damage to such an extent that the carrier could run 24 knots and be steered again.
At the end of March 1941, the Mediterranean fleet ran out to intercept an advance of the Italian fleet into the eastern Mediterranean recognized by the British radio reconnaissance, which led to the sea ​​battle at Cape Matapan on March 28 . The Jervis led the 14th flotilla with Janus , Mohawk and Nubian , which formed the security of the heavy British units and only intervened in the battle in the evening. With four other destroyers they were supposed to try during the night to find Vittorio Veneto , who had been hit by a torpedo plane in the afternoon , and to sink it with torpedoes. The Italian battleship, however, was now running much faster and on a different course to Italy, so that the destroyers missed them and, because of a misunderstood order, broke off the search. The British battleships Barham , Valiant and Warspite had approached the heavy cruiser Pola , which had broken down after an air torpedo hit, and the support unit with the sister ships Zara and Fiume as well as four destroyers, almost unnoticed, within shooting range until about 10:30 p.m.

The British battleships put the heavy cruisers out of action, which were completely taken by surprise and Fiume sank. Two of the Italian destroyers were also sunk, while two escaped damaged. The retreating British destroyers passed the drifting wrecks in the early hours of the morning and Jervis sank Zara with a torpedo. Because of feared air raids in daylight, the Pola was not brought in. Jervis boarded the cruiser, took over some machine guns and 257 men of the crew members still on board. The rest of those on board were taken over by the Nubian . Then the two destroyers sank the cruiser with torpedoes. In order to save more castaways, the British commander openly transmitted the last position of the sunk cruisers.

On the night of April 16, 1941, the Jervis led the other three destroyers of the flotilla from Malta against a convoy of the Axis powers from Naples to Tripoli with the German transporters Adana , Arta , Aegina and Iserlohn as well as the Italian ammunition transporter Sabaudia . The convoy was accompanied by three Italian destroyers. The convoy, which was discovered and escorted by British Maryland scouts during the day , was brought under fire by the mostly radar-equipped British destroyers near Kerkenah during the night . Three of the vans sank and two were aground in shallow water. The destroyer Baleno and Lampo the Folgore class were sunk without being able to defend himself effectively. Lampo ran aground on a sand bank and was later recovered. Only the Luca Tarigo of the Navigatori class managed to shoot down torpedoes before her sinking, two of which hit the Mohawk , which had to be abandoned by the British.

A mission on the night of April 24th by Jervis with Janus , Juno and Jaguar was less successful. The destroyers met the armed motor ship Egeo (3311 GRT) returning from Tripoli south of Lampedusa , which was sunk by torpedoes from Juno after a violent battle . However, they did not find the supply escort discovered by British aerial reconnaissance for the German Africa Corps from Naples and Palermo to Tripoli with the German freighters Arcturus , Castellon , Leverkusen and the Italian transporter Giulia , which was secured by the destroyers Folgore , Saetta , Strale and Turbine reached Tripoli on the 24th without losses.

When the Germans landed on Crete from the air in May 1941 ( Operation Merkur ), the Jervis was one of the units of the Royal Navy that were supposed to prevent the troops that had landed from being reinforced. On the 21st, she and the destroyers Nizam and Ilex shelled the Scarpanto airfield on the then Italian island of Karpathos (Italian: Scarpanto). On the march back, the ships were attacked from the air. This was followed by further missions around Crete, which Jervis survived without serious damage. Most recently, on the 29th and 30th, she helped with the evacuations from Sfakia to the larger units under the protection of the anti-aircraft cruisers Coventry and Calcutta .

In July 1941, the Jervis formed a combat group with the cruiser Leander and the destroyers Decoy and Havock to support the British, Commonwealth and Free French troops occupying the Vichy-loyal mandate of Syria ( Syrian-Lebanese campaign ). Attempts to involve the Vichy-French destroyers in a battle failed.

In the second half of the year, Jervis carried out a large number of different tasks. Many missions to secure the supply of Tobruk including fast troop transports to replace the units deployed there. In addition, similar, albeit less dangerous, trips to Cyprus with nine other destroyers and the miner Abdiel to exchange the troops stationed there. In addition, there was the securing of supply convoys to Malta and the movements and operations of the Mediterranean fleet. So the Jervis secured with seven other destroyers the battleship formation of the Mediterranean fleet in an advance to the coast of Cyrenaica , which had come about under pressure from Churchill . On November 25, U 331 was able to break through the protection of the formation north of Bardia and sink the Barham with three hits from a quadruple. The destroyers Jervis , Jackal , Hotspur and Nizam were able to save 451 men; 862 men were killed. The Jervis is said to have had contact with Asdic before the attack , but did not investigate it.
An advance in early December against the German-Italian supply traffic of Jervis with Jackal and Javelin came to nothing. The destroyers shot at Derna and were attacked on the march back by Italian torpedo bombers, with Jackal being severely damaged by an air torpedo hit .

The last assignment of the year was the securing of the transporter Breconshire to Malta under Rear Admiral Philip Vian on Naiad with the other cruisers Euryalus and Carlisle and the 14th Destroyer Flotilla led by Jervis with Kimberley , Kingston , Kipling , Nizam , Hasty , Havock and Decoy . The simultaneous attempt by the Italian fleet to escort four transporters to North Africa led to the first battle in the Syrte on December 17, 1941 . Vian tried to avoid the superior Italian association around the battleship Littorio . After an Italian air raid, the Italian ships opened fire at a great distance in the late afternoon, which the British were only able to return to a limited extent due to the lack of suitable weapons. Havock and Decoy escorted the transport to Malta under the protection of the units that had come from there. Vian withdrew with his association from the fire of the Italians who had not scored any goals. Only Kipling and Nizam were damaged by splinters and near hits. Because of the Matapan experience, the Italians did not pursue the British to avoid a night battle.

When the British were back in Alexandria, Italian torpedo riders managed to penetrate the port of Alexandria. The battleships Queen Elizabeth and Valiant were badly damaged in the attack by the combat swimmers and were not operational again until mid-1943. The Jervis, lying alongside, was damaged by explosive charges under the Norwegian tanker Sagona and was out of action for almost two months. Fortunately, the tanker did not explode, only lost a large part of its stern.

1942

In February 1942, the Jervis was operational again and took over the same tasks as in the previous year. After an unsuccessful attempt to lead a supply convoy to Malta, Jervis supplied Tobruk on February 25th together with the Greek Vasilissa Olga and on March 2nd with the Zulu and on the 11th was involved in the rescue of the survivors of the torpedoed Naiad .

In March 1942, when the ship was used for the second time to secure a Malta convoy, there was a battle with Italian surface units. In the renewed naval battle of Syrte , five light cruisers and eleven destroyers, who were supposed to secure the evasive British convoy, faced attacking Italians with one battleship, two heavy cruisers and one light and ten destroyers. Jervis led the front division with Kingston , Kelvin and Kipling to a torpedo attack against the superior enemy formation, in which the Kingston was badly hit and was temporarily lying. Also Lively , Legion and Lance were made. The British destroyers shot their torpedoes from a distance of 5000 meters and forced the Italians to take appropriate evasive maneuvers. Because of an accident on board the Littorio , the aircraft on board went up in flames, which gave the British the impression that they had hit the battleship. Because of the beginning darkness and the bad weather, the Italians broke off the battle because they had no radar. Further damage after air strikes in Malta prevented repairs to the Kingston and Legion .

On May 10, 1942, Jervis searched with Jackal , Kipling and Lively for a supply convoy of the Axis powers to Benghazi without adequate air security by the Royal Air Force . On May 11, 1942, the destroyer group was attacked by German Ju-88 bombers from Lehrgeschwader 1 about 90  nautical miles northwest of Marsa Matruh . The Lively , the only destroyer in the group with main armament well suited for anti-aircraft defense, was badly hit and sank immediately. During the ongoing attacks, the Jackal also suffered severe hits, which set off fires on board. Nevertheless she was towed by the Jervis . At the same time, the Kipling was hit and sank. When the fire in the Jackal's boiler room got out of control on May 12, the Jervis took over the crew and sank them with a torpedo. The Jervis reached Alexandria with 650 survivors of the three lost destroyers .

In early June, the Jervis was involved in Vigorous supply operations to Malta, which resulted in significant losses. Then the destroyer secured the first evacuation from Alexandria because of the threatening advance of the Germans in North Africa. With other units of the flotilla and the cruisers Dido and Euryalus , the Jervis fired on land targets at Marsa Matruh on July 15 and on September 14 with Javelin , Pakenham , Paladin and the cruiser Dido on land targets in the area around Deba in Egypt. From the beginning of October to the beginning of November 1942, the crew carried out an overdue overhaul of their ship in Alexandria themselves. this also included cleaning the boiler and installing a new radar system. In addition, the crew was divided into boarding parties who trained the forcible occupation of the French "Force X" interned in Alexandria, who remained loyal to Vichy.

Aretusa , sister boat of the sunk Lupo

From November 27th, the Jervis was used again with the Force K in Malta. On December 5, 1942, Jervis and Javelin , Janus and Kelvin of Force K surprised the Italian torpedo boat Lupo while rescuing survivors of the freighter Veloce (5451 GRT) sunk by a British air torpedo attack on December 2 off Kerkennah and sank the torpedo boat short battle. The other units of Convoy C from Naples reached Tripoli with the sister ship Aretusa of the sunk Lupo . The torpedo boat Ardente of Ciclone class took the survivors of Lupo and Veloce .

Further in the Mediterranean

On the night of January 23, 1943, the Jervis with the cruisers Cleopatra and Euryalus and the destroyers Javelin , Nubian and Kelvin belonged to the units of Force K, which shelled the retreat routes of the German-Italian tank army at Zuara. From May 7th, the Force K from Malta with Jervis , Nubian , Paladin and Petard, in addition to the Force Q from Bône with four other destroyers and in addition more than eight escort destroyers of the Hunt-class, blocked further evacuation or escape attempts during the final battle the tank army around Tunis and Bizerta , which take around 700 prisoners. To this end, the destroyers of Force K fired at positions of the enclosed German-Italian troops on May 7 and 9. During an advance by the Jervis with the Greek Vasilissa Olga to the coast near Cape Spartivento , the two destroyers discovered the Italian freighters Vragnizza (ex- Jug . Vranjic , 1513 GRT) and Postumia (ex-French Coëtlogon ) in the early hours of the morning on June 2 , 595 GRT) on the way from Taranto to Messina . Although they were able to get close undetected, the destroyers only damaged the cargo ships that escaped. The Spica-class torpedo boat Castore accompanying them involved the attackers in a 90-minute battle. Despite the support of an RAF machine throwing lights, the destroyers could not sink the Castore earlier and broke off the pursuit because of the onset of daylight. On June 8, the Jervis was involved in the last heavy bombardment of Pantelleria with five cruisers and seven other destroyers. On the night of June 11th, the 1st British Division landed on the island. The cover group for this Operation Corkscrew consisted of five light cruisers and eight destroyers (including Jervis ). The Italian commander of the island surrendered on June 11th. On the 12th, the island of Lampedusa surrendered , Linosa surrendered on the 13th, Lampione on June 14th, 1943. When the British King George VI on June 20th . Visited Malta on board the cruiser Aurora , Jervis secured the cruiser with Lookout , Nubian and Eskimo .

When the Allied landing on the south and south-east coast of Sicily ( Operation Husky ) on July 10, 1943 , the Jervis was in the reserve cover group for the entire deployment, which was cruising south of Sardinia with two battleships, two cruisers and six destroyers . In August orders for the destroyer to fight land targets followed, so on the 13th together with the Paladin and the cruisers Aurora and Penelope against Vibo Valentia / Calabria and on the 17th against Scalea , where Euryalus replaced the Aurora .

In September the destroyer carried out escort duties between North Africa and Sicily and was involved in the occupation of Taranto ( Operation Slapstick ). After the first missions in the Adriatic, the Jervis was assigned to the units that were to support the Allied occupation of the Italian Dodecanese after the Italian surrender in October .

The heavily damaged Adriatic Sea on the march to Alexandria

On November 11th, Jervis and Penn sank the steamer Trapani (1855 GRT) off Kos . At the end of November, the Jervis replaced the previous army crew on the small island of Kastelorizo directly off the Turkish coast south of Rhodes with a commando unit. From there she ensured the return of the severely damaged Greek destroyer escort Adrias via Cyprus to Alexandria.

After escort duties in the Mediterranean and artillery missions on the Italian Adriatic coast, the destroyer was assigned to the support forces of Operation Shingle at the end of January 1944 . During an attack by the Air Force on the supporting ships off Anzio -Nettuno on January 23, the destroyer Janus was sunk by glide bombs Hs 293 and the Jervis was damaged. An ammunition magazine exploded on the Janus and she sank with 158 men. 94 survivors of the Janus were rescued by a tug and the Jervis , which lost part of the fore ship due to an almost identical hit, but had no deaths to complain about. Jervis was able to reach Naples on his own, was transferred to Bizerta and, after an emergency repair, ran in a convoy to Gibraltar in February, where the ship was repaired, including the construction of a new bow. On April 17, the largely repaired ship then moved to Plymouth to complete the necessary work , where it arrived on the 24th after a very stormy transfer.

Back in the home waters

The gunboat Flores of the Dutch Navy

The repaired ship was no longer used as a flotilla commander. After the new crew arrived at Home Fleet in Scapa Flow, Jervis was selected for the landings in Normandy and assigned to Artillery Support Group K for the Gold Beach landing section , where they worked with the cruisers Orion , Ajax , Argonaut and Emerald as well as the Dutch gunboat Flores was used. On June 18, the destroyer collided with a transporter in very bad weather and damaged the bow section and parts of the superstructure on the forecastle. The necessary repairs were used to overhaul the ship. On August 12, Jervis was used with the destroyer Faulknor to secure the battleship Rodney , which bombarded the German coastal batteries on Alderney . With Cherbourg as a base, the destroyer monitored the sea area between Brest and the Channel Islands together with Faulknor , Grenville and Saumarez in order to prevent possible attempts at supply by the Germans, and on the 17th almost escaped a hit from the batteries on Alderney. In September 1944, Jervis was moved to Belfast for a major upgrade .

Last missions

Jervis after its last modernization

On September 8, 1944, the Jervis arrived in Belfast for overhaul and modernization. She was decommissioned for this purpose. The destroyer was to be used by the British Pacific Fleet after the overhaul . He received a lattice mast and a radar system of the most modern standard. In May 1945 he received a new crew and began the first tests. On June 3, the destroyer ran out to the Mediterranean Sea to continue the training of the crew on the "14th Destroyer Flotilla". On the march to Gibraltar, Lisbon was also called briefly . On June 9, the Jervis reached Malta and joined the flotilla. On July 13th the ship moved to Haifa and from there performed various tasks for the Mediterranean Fleet. On August 15, 1945, the planned mission in the Far East was finally canceled. The ship remained in the Mediterranean after the end of the World War and, in addition to exercises with the fleet or flotilla and visits to ports in the eastern Mediterranean, the main task of the destroyer was the surveillance of the coast of Palestine and the prevention of illegal immigration.

On May 25, 1946, the return journey began in Haifa via Malta to Great Britain until June 30, 1946. In Chatham, the destroyer was decommissioned and assigned to the reserve. The destroyer then came to Gareloch, where the laid-up ship was used as a training ship. In October 1947, the ship was put on the scrap list, was used as a target ship among others in Loch Striven in 1948 and then sold for demolition in January 1949, which then took place in Port Bannatyne near Rothesay on the Isle of Bute from September 1949 .
The preservation of a well-deserved ship like the Jervis was never an issue at that time due to the lack of personnel and the large number of ships still in existence.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j HMS JERVIS (F.00) - J-class Flotilla Leader
  2. ↑ Pictures of the Jervis damaged in 1940
  3. ↑ ROYAL, DOMINION and INDIAN NAVY SHIPS, JUNE 1940th
  4. ↑ so Rohwer: Sea War. September 22-25, 1940, Mediterranean Sea , but also in December
  5. ^ Rohwer: Sea War. October 25-28, 1940, Mediterranean Sea
  6. ^ Rohwer: Sea War. January 6-13, 1941, Mediterranean Sea, Operation Excess to strengthen the island of Malta.
  7. ↑ Rohwer: naval warfare , 23.- 01.25.1941 Mediterranean
  8. ^ Rohwer: Sea War. March 26-29, 1941, Mediterranean / radio reconnaissance naval battle at Cape Matapan.
  9. ^ Rohwer: Sea War. April 13-16, 1941, Mediterranean.
  10. ^ Rohwer: Sea War. April 21–24, 1941, Mediterranean Sea.
  11. ^ Rohwer: Sea War. November 23-25, 1941, Mediterranean Sea
  12. ^ Rohwer: Sea War. December 8-11, 1941, Mediterranean Sea
  13. ^ Rohwer: Sea War. 15–19 December 1941, Mediterranean Sea, British escort operation MF.1 to Malta. First battle in Sirte Bay.
  14. ^ Rohwer: Sea War. 15–19 December 1941, Mediterranean, success of the “X. Flottiglia MAS ”.
  15. ↑ M / T Sagona ex Lion , 7554 BRT, built in 1929 in Krimpen, Netherlands.
  16. ^ Rohwer: Sea War. March 20–26, 1942, Mediterranean Sea, Second Battle of the Sirte.
  17. ^ Rohwer: Sea War. May 11, 1942, Mediterranean.
  18. ^ Rohwer: Sea War. June 12–16, 1942, Mediterranean Sea, double convoy operation to supply Malta, eastern convoy MW.11.
  19. ^ Rohwer: Sea War. July 11-22, 1942, Mediterranean.
  20. ^ Rohwer: Sea War. September 14, 1942, Mediterranean.
  21. ^ Rohwer: Sea War. December 5, 1942, Mediterranean.
  22. ^ Rohwer: Sea War. January 8-23, 1943, Mediterranean.
  23. ^ Rohwer: Sea War. 1. – 13.5.1943, Mediterranean.
  24. ^ Rohwer: Sea War. 1. – 14.6.1943, Mediterranean, company Corkscrew: Brit. Attack on Pantelleria.
  25. ^ Rohwer: Sea War. July 10, 1943, Mediterranean Sea, Operation Husky.
  26. ^ Rohwer: Sea War. August 1-25, 1943, Mediterranean.
  27. ^ Rohwer: Sea War. November 5-11, 1943, Aegean Sea.
  28. ^ Rohwer: Sea War. January 22-29, 1944, Tyrrhenian Sea, Operation Shingle.

Remarks

  1. ↑ four twin mounts with 102 mm L / 45 Mk.XVI guns , one quadruple 40 mm L / 39 "pompom"
  2. ^ French "Force X": battleship Lorraine , the heavy cruisers Duquesne , Tourville , Suffren and the light Duguay-Trouin , the destroyers Basque , Forbin , Fortuné of the L'Adroit class and the submarine Argo ; the association only joined the Allies in March 1945, some units as early as November 1942.

literature

Web links

Commons : HMS Jervis  - Collection of Images