Maputo port
| Maputo port | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Data | |||
| UN / LOCODE | MZ MPM and MZ MAT | ||
| owner | Republic of Mozambique | ||
| operator | Companhia de Desenvolvimento do Porto de Maputo / Maputo Port Development Company (MPDC) | ||
| opening | 1850 | ||
| Port type | Freight port | ||
| Piers / quays | 16 in Maputo, 4 in Matola | ||
| Goods handled | Bulk goods , general cargo , liquid bulk goods , raw materials , coal , ferrochrome , fruit , sugar , grain | ||
| Average opening days (year) | 365 | ||
| website | www.portmaputo.com (English) | ||
| Geographic information | |||
| place | Maputo , Matola | ||
| Capital province | Maputo | ||
| Country | Mozambique | ||
| Coordinates | 25 ° 57 '37 " S , 32 ° 32' 46" E | ||
|
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The Port of Maputo ( English : Port of Maputo ; Portuguese : Porto de Maputo , formerly Porto de Lourenço Marques ) is a deep-water port in Mozambique . It is located on the coast of the Indian Ocean , within Maputo Bay, and has two separate zones in two cities, Maputo and Matola . The port plays an important role in the handling of goods to and from South Africa and is one of the largest facilities on the east coast of Africa. Its economic development was closely linked to the phenomenon of massive migrant work by Mozambican miners on the territory of South Africa.
The central port operator is the Maputo Port Development Company / Companhia de Desenvolvimento do Porto de Maputo (MPDC), a joint venture between several domestic and foreign companies.
Main operator
The Maputo Port Development Company (MPDC) consists of the following shareholders:
- Mozambique Ports & Railways Company / Portos e Caminhos de Ferro de Mocambique (CFM), as a state-owned company, with 49% shares,
- Portus Indico , supported by three shareholders with a total of 51% shares, the South African logistics group Grindrod , DP World (48.5%) and the Mozambican investment group Mozambique Gestores Sarl. (3%).
The Maputo Port Development Company received the concession to operate the port facilities on April 15, 2003 for a period of 15 years. In 2010 the concession award was extended by a further 15 years and an option for a further 10 years was granted.
The individual terminals are managed by other companies that act as sub-concessionaires .
Location and port structure
General
The two loading areas of the port were created in the common estuary of the four rivers Tembe , Matola , Umbeluzi and Infulene in the Baia de Maputo . Together they form the Río Espírito Santo at the mouth of the bay .
All loading quays have their own road connection and most of them also have a siding. There are ship repair facilities, fuel bunkers and drinking water supply systems on all quays. In 2011, the dredging of the canals and berths was completed. Since then, Panamax- class cargo ships have been able to dock here. Two privately operated marinas offer berths for yachts .
Not far from the port, near the city center, are the main train station and the central market of Maputo.
Maputo Cargo Terminals
Freight goods from agricultural, industrial and mining industries are loaded in the Maputo Cargo Terminals . The focus is on citrus fruits , sugar and container freight as well as coal , magnetite , ferrochrome , nickel , vermiculite and scrap .
Bulk Sugar Terminal
The bulk sugar terminal of the operator Sociedade Terminal de Açucar de Maputo Lda. (STAM) is used to load sugar raw materials in bulk . The partners involved are Swaziland Sugar Association , Zimbabwe Sugar Sales Ltd. (ZSS), Cucar Nacional and South African Sugar Association (SASA).
Bagged Sugar Terminal
In the Bagged Sugar Terminal of the operator EDF Man Mocambique Lda. be packaged sugar delivery loaded for export trade.
Bulk Liquids / Tank Storage Terminal
The Bulk Liquids / Tank Storage Terminal of the operator Maputo Liquids Storage Company Lda. is used to load vegetable oils . In the terminal area, a total of up to 10,000 cubic meters of vegetable oils can be stored in six heatable tanks. The terminal operator is a company of African Tank Terminals Limited , which is part of the Malaysian Equatorial Trading Limited group of companies.
Car Terminal
The Car Terminal of its operator Grindrod is used for the import and export of automobiles . There are parking spaces for 1,455 vehicles here. The main delivery region for imports is the South African province of Gauteng . The terminal has been working since 2007.
Citrus Terminal
The FTP (Moçambique) Lda. operated Citrus Terminal is used to ship citrus and other fruits. There are cooling systems and two landing stages for cargo ships in the terminal area. Investments in this area come from the South African Industrial Development Corporation and private investors.
Coastal Terminal
In the Coastal Terminal of the operator Terminal de Cabotagem de Maputo Sarl . open and covered storage areas are available. There are also repair facilities for containers, mechanical workshops and a wood processing facility.
Container Terminal
The container terminal is operated by DP World Maputo . Up to 520 containers can be stored on an area of 8 hectares. An annual average of 50,000 containers are loaded here, although there is twice the capacity. The length of the quay is 300 meters with a water depth of 11 meters.
Typical goods for container freight in this terminal area are fish products, sugar, rice , fruit , household goods, building materials and vehicles. The main regions for outgoing deliveries in Africa are the South African province of Gauteng, Swaziland , Botswana , Zimbabwe and Malawi .
Two stationary and two movable cranes are available for loading containers.
Ferrochrome Terminal
The construction of the terminal for the loading of ferrochrome products began in 2007. This area is one of the terminals with the largest cargo handling volumes in the Port of Maputo. The first loading of ferrochrome took place here in 2004, followed by extensions in 2006.
Molasses Terminal
The Molasses Terminal of the operator Agrimol is used to load liquid molasses products . A pipeline ensures the transfer between the storage tanks available here and the loading facilities at the pier.
Petroleum Terminal
In the petroleum terminal can light- and heavy oils and other petroleum products are stored and shipped. There is an independent loading quay with a length of 230 meters and a water depth of 10.5 meters. The annual loading capacity is 350 million tons.
Matola Bulk Terminals
The port area of Matola, the Matola Bulk Terminals , located about six kilometers upstream , has four berths in the deep water area, where bulk carriers can dock and bulk goods are loaded. The products handled include coal, magnetite, aluminum raw materials and grain. There is also extensive storage space here.
Coal Terminal
The Matola Coal Terminal (TCM) or Terminal de Carvão da Matola (TCM) is primarily used for coal exports. Other mineral raw materials are loaded here. The terminal area in the municipality of Matola is operated by the Grindrod group of companies. The coal held in stock in the flat storage facility comes mainly from mines in the South African province of Mpumalanga , the traditional mining regions in the area of the former Eastern Transvaal . Every year, 3 million tons of coal are loaded onto cargo ships in the terminal. The volume of goods handled could be doubled with improved rail transport performance. The expansion plans are intended to eventually reach a capacity of 26 million tons.
STEMA Grain Terminal
With the grain terminal ( STEMA Grain Terminal ) 90,000 tons of wheat and maize from Zimbabwe are loaded onto cargo ships every year . The terminal operator is STEMA ( Silos e Terminal Graneleiro da Matola SA ) founded in 1996 , a state-owned company in Mozambique. 44 percent of its shares are held by the National Treasure Directorate (German: Nationale Finanzdirektion) and 56 percent by the IGEPE ( Gestão das Participações do Estado / States Shares Management Institute , German: Staatliches Institut für Beteiligungsmanagement).
Aluminum terminal
The Aluminum Terminal , which opened in March 2000, carries out import and export orders. Its operator is the local aluminum manufacturer Mozal . Deliveries of aluminum oxide for aluminum production in Mozambique as well as raw materials for the production of petroleum coke and pitch are handled in the terminal . There is a total loading capacity of 1.4 million tons per year. Around 506,000 tons of aluminum leave the port for their customers every year. In contrast, 1.2 million tons of aluminum oxide are imported. A ship mooring with a length of 210 meters is available in the terminal.
development
In December 2013, construction of another bulk goods warehouse began in the Maputo port area on an area of 4,000 square meters. It is intended for the export of 500,000 tons of phosphate raw materials supplied annually . Contract partners are Agro Alfa , Mota-Engil and ACEL .
As a result of the great interest shown by South Africa in the development of the Port of Maputo, a cooperation agreement was signed between the port authorities of the two countries in June 2013. The Transnet National Ports Authority (TNPA) and the Maputo Ports Development Company (MPDC) agreed to work together on the unbundling of the port authority and port operations at the Maputo / Matola location, the relocation of further freight shares from road transport to rail and joint handling of nautical matters .
Transport links
General
The Port of Maputo, with its two locations in Maputo and Matola, is developed landward by road and rail connections that have been developed over decades, which enable the delivery of containers, general cargo and bulk goods from the Mozambican inland and neighboring countries. Maintaining them and increasing their performance is particularly in the interests of the African supplier countries.
Most of the land freight does not come from Mozambique. The most important export country is South Africa, which has been pursuing its strategic interest in the Port of Maputo with high-performance road and rail investments for decades. Other states significantly participating from the port are Swaziland, Zimbabwe, Botswana and Zambia.
Maputo Development Corridor
In August 1995, the Ministries of Transport in South Africa and Mozambique agreed to expand and revitalize the transport routes between the Gauteng Province and the Maputo region. On the initiative of South Africa, a consortium (Trans African Concessions (Pty) Ltd., TRAC) has been building the N4 trunk road between Witbank and the common state border (between Komatipoort and Ressano Garcia ) and the subsequent section of the road to Maputo, the EN4 national road , since 1996 Adoption of higher freight transport shares The project was called the Maputo Development Corridor (MDC). To refinance and maintain the modernized transport infrastructure, the investor gradually built five toll sections, three of them in South Africa and two in Mozambique. Work on this was completed in early 2001. The expanded section is part of the Trans-Kalahari Highway .
The construction of the railway line between South Africa and Maputo, on the Mozambican section called the Ressano Garcia corridor , began as the so-called Delagoa Railway in the 19th century. Until the 1970s, a large part of the overseas export of goods from the former Transvaal province and increasingly from neighboring regions within South Africa could be handled via this railway line and its later branches via the port of Maputo. Until the 1990s, the route connection was considered fragile and poorly efficient.
The intergovernmental contractual agreements as well as the traffic and information technology expansion of the newly established Lebombo border post were protracted . Their planning and commissioning had the character of a pilot project between the two countries. The long waiting times of up to six hours with limited daily border opening times have thus been reduced. The bilaterally agreed goal was non-stop handling at 24-hour intervals.
Coming from the Johannesburg motorway ring as the N12 and from Pretoria to Wonderfontein as the N4, the road connection towards Mozambique has been expanded to four lanes. It then leads in two lanes, from the state border as the national road EN4, to Maputo.
Limpopo Corridor
The Limpopo Corridor is a transportation route between Zimbabwe and Maputo. The most powerful transport infrastructure consists of a railway line. In 1988 there were negotiations between the Mozambican Ministry of Transport, the British Development Division of Southern Africa and other foreign representatives to rehabilitate the route, which was completed in 1957. Its importance lies in the transport of goods from Zimbabwe, Botswana, Zambia and the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The border crossing is located at Chicualacuala (Mozambique) and Sango (Zimbabwe).
Goba Corridor
The Goba Corridor is a system of transportation routes between Swaziland and Maputo. It was named after the Mozambican border town of Goba at the crossing point leading to the Swaziland route network . On the Swaziland side, Mhlumeni is the town near the border. The EN 2 trunk road with the border stations Namaacha (Mozambique) and Lomohasha in Swaziland is used for goods traffic by truck across the Swaziland-Mozambican border .
history
Vasco da Gama discovered the Bay of Maputo in 1498. However, it was not used for a permanent port until the 18th century. The Portuguese navigator and merchant Lourenço Marques was the first European to explore the bay in the 16th century.
Around 1845, the Boer merchants and politicians in the Transvaal became more interested in stable trade relations with the Portuguese. Their progress led the British to occupy the island of Inhaca at the entrance to Delagoa Bay in 1861 . Since 1850, the port area has grown not far from the fortifications of the Lourenço Marques settlement (today Maputo). Through the arbitration award by Patrice de Mac-Mahon , the port finally came under Portuguese sovereignty in 1875 and England was simultaneously guaranteed that Portugal would not cede it to another state. Between 1876 and 1887, the Portuguese colonial administration commissioned work to remove the inland swamps . During the same period, the Boer State Transvaal Republic developed into an important trading partner for Lourenço Marques and its port.
When the central administration of the Portuguese colony was relocated to Lourenço Marques in 1898, the port development gradually picked up speed. On December 18, 1901, before the end of the Second Boer War , Lord Milner made an agreement with the colonial power Portugal in Lourenço Marques, known as modus vivendi , for further economic cooperation. According to this agreement, South African mining companies were allowed to recruit workers in what was then Portuguese East Africa and, in return, guaranteed a rail freight rate of 50 to 55 percent with export goods from the economic region on the Witwatersrand via the port in Lourenço Marques. In 1902 the first quay facility ( Cais Gorjão ), then made of wood, went into operation. It received its name in honor of the then Governor General Manuel Rafael Gorjão ( Governador-geral de Moçambique 1900-1902). In the opinion of today's port administration, the opening of this quay represents the historic starting point of the port facilities it operates.
On the basis of the Transvaal- Mozambique Convention ( Transvaal-Mozambique Convention ) of 1909, Lord Milner's previous agreements, which were primarily shaped by the interests of the owners of the gold and diamond mining companies in the Transvaal, were consolidated. A treaty was signed on April 1, 1909 between the British and Portuguese, signed by the Governor of the Transvaal, William Waldegrave Palmer , 2nd Earl of Selborne, and the former Governor General of the Province of Mozambique Thomaz Antonio Garcia Rosado , which allowed the continued recruitment of Miners for companies in the Transvaal and secured the handling of goods transport via the port. In section 2 of this agreement, both sides agreed with regard to the transport of goods between the Transvaal and the port in Lourenço Marques that their volume should be at least 50 percent of the total volume of the Transvaal's foreign trade.
The Central South African Railways (CSAR) for the section between Germiston (including Pretoria) and Komatipoort and the Caminhos de Ferro de Lourenço Marques (CFLM) for the railway line to the port were commissioned with the necessary transport services . The remaining freight shares could be handled according to this contract via other ports of the Cape Colony and Natals.
With the South African Portuguese-contract ( Portuguese-South African Convention ) of 11 September 1928 commonly known as Mozambique Convention known, had South African Union u. a. obliged to handle 50 percent of the import and export trade of the then Transvaal province via Lourenço Marques and thus via its port. This agreement is now considered a milestone in the bilateral relations between the two countries.
On the basis of a further agreement of October 13, 1964 between Portugal and South Africa for the recruitment of Mozambican miners, the proportion was reduced to 40 percent and in 1969 the agreed quotas in the transit of goods were finally eliminated . After Mozambique gained independence, the volume of exports in transit declined, but in mid-1977 it settled at a daily shipment of 17,000 tons.
Until the beginning of the 1970s, the handling of goods in the port rose steadily and in 1971 reached the level of 17 million tons. For South Africa it had become one of the most important sea trading centers. After Mozambique gained independence from Portugal in 1975, the government of South Africa intensified the institutional links with the neighboring country in the common transport sector. In this context, Pretoria decreed that the goods that had been shipped in the port of Maputo for decades, such as chrome products, iron ore, steel and citrus fruits, could not be exported through ports in South Africa. The Chamber of Commerce in Johannesburg complained about poor handling and loading conditions in Maputo and criticized the railway policy of its own government and the associated support for the policy of President Samora Machel .
Mozambique's declaration of independence initially only had a cautious effect on the trade and transport policy of the government in Pretoria. The favorable location of the port for South Africa and the labor migration of Mozambican miners linked to its existence, which fell in November 1975 from 100,000 to 40,000 people, connected the independent Mozambique with its neighboring country in a cooperative way during the apartheid period . The South African government sent encouraging signals to the export companies to continue using the port of Maputo. This position was strengthened by South African Railways with an investment of 70 million rand to improve the route conditions between Witbank and Komatipoort in order to be able to increase the daily transport volume from 28,000 to 40,000 tons. The magazine Africa Confidential spoke of the " apartheid connection " of the two states in view of such a linked interest .
The Mozambican civil war eventually led to a reduction in the flow of goods to and from the port with the progressive destruction of domestic conditions. Only small quantities of agricultural goods were loaded here annually until its completion in 1992. For example, the total annual throughput in 1987 was 750,000 tons. In February 1979, South Africa concluded a railway agreement with Mozambique, with which the maintenance services already practiced on the railway line and the usual support for the freight loading processes in the Port of Maputo were subsequently signed by South African experts. On this occasion, official representatives of Mozambique declared in Johannesburg that "Maputo and Matola are the two natural harbors" of the Transvaal.
In 1984 Mozambique's Minister of Economic Affairs, Jacinto Soares Veloso , stated that he was aware of numerous investment intentions by South African companies in relation to his country. He linked this with the hope that this would give a strong boost to the handling of goods in the port of Maputo, which at that time achieved 7 million tons of goods handled with South Africa despite the civil war in Mozambique. He emphasized that it was the next port for the economic area on the Witwatersrand . In August of the same year, South Africa granted a loan of 10 million rand to develop the transport sector in the neighboring country and to run the railways of the Nkomati-Maputo railway line more efficiently . In September 1984 the directors of the state railroad companies from Malawi, Mozambique, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Swaziland and Zaire met in Johannesburg for a three-day conference with the General Management of the South African Transport Services . The main aim of this meeting was to improve cooperation between the national railway companies.
At the beginning of the 1990s, the port management and the situation of the railway line from the border with South Africa continued to be assessed as economically unfavorable. These difficulties prevented, for example, the continuation of the mining of anthracite coal , which had already begun in 1991, in the technically developed Kangwane coal field on South African territory near the border.
In view of the enormous importance of the port for the South African export and import of goods, the transport ministers of South Africa and Mozambique resumed bilateral talks in 1995 to improve the flow of goods. Their results paved the way for the South African National Road Agency Limited / SANRAL to be established by the South African Department of Transportation and Mozambique's National Road Administration ( Administração Nacional de Estradas / ANE ) by the Department of Roads and Bridges .
An operator consortium set up by European partners received a 25-year concession from the Mozambican government in September 2000.
Just three years later, another group of companies, the Maputo Port Development Company (MPDC), took over the state concession to manage the port in April 2003.
The port was privatized under the management of the Maputo Port Development Company in 2008. Continued investments increased the volume of goods handled from 5 million tons in 2003 to 8.7 million tons in 2010. The dredging of the access canals and the harbor basins from a previous water depth 9.4 meters to 11.0 meters increased the cargo handling capacity .
further reading
- Luísa Pinto Teixeira: Railways of Mozambique. 100 years . Maputo, Manica, CFM, 1995
Web links
- Port Maputo, website at www.portmaputo.com (English)
- Porto de Maputo, website at www.portmaputo.com (Portuguese)
- historical images of the port in the Arquivo Científico Tropical . on www.actd.iict.pt Instituto de Investigação Científica Tropical in Lisbon (Portuguese)
- Planta geral da cidade e porto de Lourenço Marques . 1926. Scale 1: 5000. - Lourenço Marques, 1925. with a partial plan from 1876. on www.purl.pt Digital collection of the Biblioteca Nacional de Portugal (Portuguese) Download link
Individual evidence
- ↑ Port Maputo: Maputo Port Layout & Data (English)
- ^ Port Maputo: About Maputo Port Development Company . on www.portmaputo.com (English)
- ↑ a b c Chantelle Kotze: Ports authority improves operations . In: Mining Weekly, June 7, 2013. at www.grindrod.co.za (English)
- ↑ a b Port Maputo: Handbook & Directory . on www.meridian-ebooks.com (English, Portuguese)
- ^ Port Maputo: The city of Maputo . on www.portmaputo.com (English)
- ↑ Cândida Inês Sete Nhapulo: Correntes de marés e circulação geral da baía de Maputo . Maputo 2000 (Universidade Eduardo Mondlane). on www.saber.ac.mz, PDF document p. 10–12 ( page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Licensed thesis abstract ( page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (Portuguese)
- ↑ Maputo . on ports.co.za (English)
- ^ Commonwealth Network: Matola City Council. Highlights of the City . at www.commonwealthofnations.org ( memento of the original from December 26, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (English)
- ^ Limpopo Province: Freight Transport Data Bank. Port of Maputo . on www.ldrt.gov.za ( Memento of the original from December 26, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (English)
- ↑ Port Maputo: Bulk Sugar Terminal . on www.portmaputo.com (English)
- ↑ Maputo: Bagged Sugar Terminal . on www.portmaputo.com (English)
- ↑ Port Maputo: Bulk Liquids / Tank Storage Terminal . on www.portmaputo.com (English)
- ↑ Port Maputo: Car Terminal . on www.portmaputo.com (English)
- ↑ Maputo: Citrus Terminal . on www.portmaputo.com (English)
- ^ Maputo Corridor Logistics Initiative: Significant Events in the Rehabilitation of the Maputo Corridor . on www.mcli.co.za, PDF document p. 77 ( Memento of the original from December 27, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (English)
- ↑ Port Maputo: Coastal Terminal . on www.portmaputo.com (English)
- ↑ Port Maputo: Container Terminal . on www.portmaputo.com (English)
- ^ Mozambique - Maputo . at www.web.dpworld.com ( Memento of the original from December 27, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (English)
- ↑ a b Port Maputo: FAQs . on www.portmaputo.com (English)
- ↑ Maputo port expands ferrochrome terminal . News from June 1, 2007 on miningweekly.com (English)
- ^ Maputo Corridor Logistics Initiative: Significant Events in the Rehabilitation of the Maputo Corridor . on www.mcli.co.za, PDF document pages 48, 71 ( Memento of the original from December 27, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (English)
- ↑ Port Maputo: Molasses Terminal . on www.portmaputo.com (English)
- ^ Port of Maputo. on www.worldportsource.com (English)
- ↑ a b c d Limpopo Province. Freight Transport Data Bank: Port of Maputo . on www.ldrt.gov.za ( Memento of the original from December 26, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (English)
- ↑ Port Maputo: Coal Terminal . on www.portmaputo.com (English)
- ↑ Silos e Terminal Graneleiro da Matola SA. on www.stema.co.mz (English, Portuguese)
- ↑ Port Maputo: Grain Terminal . on www.portmaputo.com (English)
- ↑ Port Maputo: Aluminum Terminal . on www.portmaputo.com (English)
- ^ Mozal: Welcome to Mozal: The Harbor . at www.bhpbilliton.com, PDF document p. 23 (English)
- ↑ Port Maputo: New bulk shed inaugurated . on www.portmaputo.com (English)
- ^ Agro Alfa: Projects, Contracts and Services . on www.agroalfa.co.mz ( page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (English)
- ^ Amanda Driver, João Gabriel de Barros: The impact of the Maputo Development Corridor on freight flows: An initial investigation . Development Policy Research Unit, Cape Town and Center for Strategic and International Studies, Maputo, Working Paper 00/38, Cape Town March 2000. ISBN 0-7992-2003-5 . on dpru.uct.ac.za ( page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , PDF. P. 27 (English)
- ^ Amanda Driver, João Gabriel de Barros: The impact of the Maputo Development Corridor on freight flows: An initial investigation . Working Paper 00/38, Cape Town March 2000. on www.dpru.uct.ac.za, PDF document p. 7 ( page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (English)
- ^ Larry Phipps: Technical Assessment Report: The Concessioning of Mozambique Railways. Rapid support option . Regional Center for Southern Africa, US Agency for International Development, Gaborone 2001. on www. pdf.usaid.gov (English)
- ^ Amanda Driver, João Gabriel de Barros: The impact of the Maputo Development Corridor on freight flows: An initial investigation . Working Paper 00/38, Cape Town March 2000. on www.dspace.cigilibrary.org, PDF document p. 9–10 ( Memento of the original from January 1, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (English)
- ^ SANRAL: Road conditions. N4 - Section: Hans Strydom Interchange to Mozambique . on www.nra.co.za (English)
- ↑ United States Agency for International Development: Maputo Corridor. A Transport Logistics Diagnostic Tool Study . at www.sarpn.org, PDF document p. 13 (English)
- ↑ United States Agency for International Development: Limpopo Corridor. Progress Report . Maputo 1989. on www.pdf.usaid.gov, PDF document p. 15 [English]
- ↑ United States Agency for International Development: Maputo Corridor. A Transport Logistics Diagnostic Tool Study . at www.sarpn.org, PDF document p. 13 (English)
- ↑ Manfred Kuder: Moçambique. a geographical, social and economic study of the country . Scientific regional customers Volume 10, Darmstadt 1975, p. 177
- ^ A b c d Department of Public Works, Roads and Transport, Mpumalanga Provincial Government: Mpumalanga Province Freight Data Bank. Port of Maputo . on dpwrt.mpg.gov.za ( Memento of the original dated November 2, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (English)
- ↑ Manfred Kuder: Moçambique . 1975, p. 51
- ^ Ralph Horwitz: The Political Economy of South Africa . London 1967. pp. 65-66
- ^ A b c Convention between the Governor of the Transvaal and the Portuguese Province of Mozambique. In: The American Journal of International Law, Vol. 3 (1909). Pp. 309-321. on archive.org (English)
- ↑ Manfred Kuder: Moçambique . 1975, p. 175
- ^ Port Maputo: MPDC launches book about the history of the Port of Maputo . on www.portmaputo.com (English)
- ↑ Ralph Horwitz: "Political Economy", 1967, pp. 72-73
- ^ A b c Ronald Meinardus: The Africa policy of the Republic of South Africa . Bonn 1981, pp. 283-285
- ^ Republic of South Africa, Department of international relations & co-operation: Mozambique. History of Relations . on www.dfa.gov.za (English)
- ^ Agreement between the Government of the Republic of South Africa and the Government of the Republic of Portugal regulating the employment of Portuguese workers from the Province of Mozambique on certain mines in the Republic of South Africa . on www.queensu.ca ( Memento of the original from November 11, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (English)
- ^ Mozambique: Economic pragmatism . In: Africa Confidential Vol. 19 (1978) No. 8, pp. 2-4. on www.mozambiquehistory.net, PDF document p. 3 (English)
- ^ Ronald Meinardus: The Africa policy of the Republic of South Africa . Bonn 1981, pp. 285–286 (there quoted from Le Monde of February 28, 1979 “Pretoria signe un important accord de co-opération avec le Mozambique”)
- ^ SAIRR: Race Relations Survey 1984 . Johannesburg 1985. p. 837
- ^ SAIRR: Race Relations Survey 1984 . Johannesburg 1985. p. 410
- ↑ Council for Geoscience: Kangwane Coal Field . on www.geoscience.org.za (English)
- ^ South Africa and Mozambique - The N4 Toll Road. on www.esc-pau.fr (English)
- ^ Grindrod: Maputo Port Development Company . on www.grindrod.co.za (English)
- ↑ Link to a short review ( Memento of the original from December 27, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (English)
