Bleidenstadt

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Bleidenstadt
City of Taunusstein
Bleidenstadt coat of arms
Coordinates: 50 ° 8 ′ 20 ″  N , 8 ° 8 ′ 15 ″  E
Height : 336  (310–454)  m above sea level NHN
Residents : 7637  (Dec. 31, 2015)
Incorporation : 1st October 1971
Postal code : 65232
Area code : 06128
View over Bleidenstadt from the north, on the right the telecommunications tower Hohe Wurzel
View over Bleidenstadt from the north, on the right the telecommunications tower Hohe Wurzel

Bleidenstadt , in the local dialect Bleischt , is the largest district of Taunusstein in the Rheingau-Taunus district in southern Hesse .

Geographical location

Bleidenstadt is located in the western Hintertaunus , in the southwest of the city of Taunusstein on the upper reaches of the Aar , which here flows northwards parallel to the Taunus main ridge westwards. Most of the settlement area lies south of the Aar, extends from there up to the northern roof of the Taunus main ridge and ends at its wooded border at a height of about 430  m . In the west, the valley section of the Roßbach tributary forms a natural border, to the east the Hahn district joins seamlessly. The highest point in the district is the Hohe Wurzel ( 618  m ).

Neighboring places are Hahn , Watzhahn , Seitzenhahn (all Taunusstein), Hohenstein and Wiesbaden .

history

The history of Bleidenstadt can be divided into several large sections. It begins around the year 800 with around 700 years of monastery time. After the conversion of the monastery into a secular knightly monastery in 1495, there followed two 150 years of monastery time: from 1495 to the Thirty Years War and from 1650 to secularization . Then followed 150 years of the Duchy of Nassau and Prussia . Bleidenstadt has been part of Hesse since the end of the Second World War .

Monastery time

In 812 Bleidenstadt was mentioned for the first time in a document for the consecration of the Benedictine monastery by Archbishop Richulf . Emperor Charlemagne transferred the area between the Taunushauptkamm , the Lahn , the Hohen Straße (today's Bäderstraße ) and the Hühnerstraße to administration to the Archdiocese of Mainz . The connection to Mainz via the Taunus ridge was ensured by the Alte Mainzer Weg and the resting and storage area at An der Unner near the Seitzenhahn headwaters. Around the year 1000, the Aar was determined as the western border of the parish district and the abbey was newly occupied, presumably with monks from St. Alban zu Mainz and from Seligenstadt. The monastery reform initiated by Gorze provided new impulses. In the middle of the 12th century, the bailiwick of Bleidenstadt fell to the Counts of Nassau. In line with the Hirsau reform , the abbey tried to break away from the influence of the Archbishop of Mainz, but without being able to revoke the old legal status. Similar efforts in the 14th century also failed. In 1389 the east wing of the monastery was destroyed by arson.

Monastery time

In 1495 the monastery was converted into a secular knight's monastery. During the Thirty Years War in 1631 the servants left the St. Ferrutius monastery and retired to the mother monastery of St. Alban in Mainz. The Bleidenstadt monastery was only revived after the war and existed until secularization. The monastery territory was under the government of the Prince Archbishop of Mainz . Some houses in the village of Bleidenstadt (the village belonged to the County of Wehen), which had survived the Thirty Years' War, were grouped on the eastern border of the monastery (today "Bleischter Eck"). The village expanded in the following years to the so-called Hellers Mühle (Bleidenstadter Dorfmühle).

In 1713 Pastor Brühl made a list of people in his Protestant parish. The village of Bleidenstadt had 57 people; 12 of them with Catholic denomination. At that time, the St. Ferrutius Abbey in Bleidenstadt numbered around 200 people. After long negotiations between the Nassau Office of Wehen and the Bleidenstadt Abbey, a fiscal (state) school was built in 1776 on the territory of the Abbey, right next to the parish church of St. Ferrutius, today's Catholic rectory. Only 100 years later, in 1879, another school was built in the "Bleischter Eck".

secularization

On December 20, 1802, the secularization of the St. Ferrutius monastery was completed by Nassau-Usingen . Together with Bleidenstadt it was part of the Wehen office at the time of the Duchy of Nassau. After the annexation of the duchy by Prussia, the place was assigned to the newly established Untertaunuskreis in the Wiesbaden administrative district in 1867 .

After the Second World War

After the Second World War Bleidenstadt had around 900 inhabitants. The population tripled within ten years and doubled again in the next ten years. In 1970 the place had 5487 inhabitants. On October 1, 1971, Bleidenstadt voluntarily merged with five neighboring towns as part of the regional reform in Hesse to form the city of Taunusstein .

A newly built housing estate for displaced people in Bleidenstadt, 1952

Historical forms of names

Historically documented mentions of the place are:

  • Lead dinate (995)
  • Blidenstat (1000, also 812?)
  • Blijdenstad (1184)
  • Blidenstath (1189)
  • Blidenstad (1213 ?, 1251)
  • Blidinstad (1235)
  • Blydinstat (1261)
  • Blidinstat (1269)
  • Bleydenstat (1516)

politics

Mayor

Michael Türckheim is the head of the village.

coat of arms

The coat of arms was approved by the Hessian Ministry of the Interior on June 25, 1955.

Bleidenstadt coat of arms
 Blazon : "In the split shield in front a continuous red cross in white, behind in black a golden lily reel at the gap."

Culture and sights

Buildings

A list of the cultural monuments in Bleidenstadt can be found in the list of cultural monuments in Taunusstein # Bleidenstadt .

The Catholic Parish Church of St. Ferrutius

The Catholic Church of St. Ferrutius is one of the oldest churches east of the Rhine . It was first mentioned around 1200 years ago. The current church was built between 1685 and 1718, with a statue of St. Ferrutius from the 17th century emblazoned above the main portal. In the building there is a high Gothic sandstone wall tabernacle built into the choir, a font from 1696, a late Baroque Madonna figure and an organ with a baroque prospect .

The Evangelical Church of St. Peter on the Mountain

The Protestant Church of St. Peter on the Mountain contains the oldest stone monument in the district, a grave slab of Pastor Johannes von Spangenberg, who died in 1363. The lower part of the tower is of Romanesque origin. On the east side of the church above the entrance portal there are ornaments in a rose window made of sandstone. Originally, St. Peter on the mountain was the Catholic parish church of the village population. After the Reformation it was rededicated as a Protestant church, and the Catholic community has since used the former collegiate church of St. Ferrutius.

St. Peter stands on a promontory south of the Aar and thus "on the mountain" when viewed from St. Ferrutius. Nevertheless, the church is lower than most of today's Bleidenstadt, whose residential area has since expanded considerably to the south up the slope.

  • Catholic parish church of St. Ferrutius

  • St. Peter on the mountain

The gate house of the monastery and monastery

The gate house at Stiftstraße 15 is considered to be the oldest stone house in Bleidenstadt. Bleidenstadt (monastery and monastery) had tithe rights, its own market and jurisdiction.

The hereditary yard of the knight's monastery St. Ferrutius in Bleidenstadt

The hereditary courtyard of the knight's monastery of St. Ferrutius in Bleidenstadt was part of the overall building complex of the monastery and later monastery. In 1803 it was captured by the Duchy of Nassau as part of the secularization. Even during the absence of the servants of the Knights' Monastery of St. Ferrutius, who had fled to the mother monastery of St. Alban in Mainz in 1631, the property of the monastery in Bleidenstadt, the Erbleihhof in Stiftstrasse and the Schafhof, were looked after by the Halm family.

On June 23, 1669, Peter Halm received the hereditary yard for life from the Bleidenstadt monastery (born around 1620), his brother Jakob the hereditary line of the sheep farm. Jakob was married to Gertrud Pump, the sister of the monastery miller Agnes Schuck. They had 10 children. Peter Halm married Anna Maria Lufft († December 28, 1689) around 1662 and they had seven children. When Peter Halm died on January 29, 1696, none of his sons were available for inheritance. The inheritance went to his son-in-law Sebastian Ring, who married the eldest daughter Anna Catharina (born February 7, 1664) on January 16, 1685. Before the wedding, Sebastian Ring and his brother Christoph had settled in the farm at Stiftstrasse 2. The Ring brothers were the sons of the stable farmer Joh Adam Ring from Hettenhain. Christoph was a shoemaker (Sutor) and had married Johannette Lill in 1689. They had nine children. Now Sebastian Ring had to buy himself out of his serfdom in Hesse-Kassel , in accordance with a demand from the hereditary letter given to him on June 23, 1696 . Only then could the Herbleihhof be handed over to him. The final hereditary letter is dated January 14, 1698 and pronounces the hereditary line on three generations. In 1791 Anton (* 1781), who was just 10 years old, was up for succession. His stepfather Christian Bretz, heir of the Spechtischer Hof in Hahn, became guardian. At the age of 25, Anton Ring († 1828) took over the farm as intended in 1806. The estate was advertised for leasing in accordance with the secularization agreements and at the second tendering date it was leased to the Bleidenstadt mayor Christian Gottlieb for 30 years for a lease of 48½ Malter (1 Malter = 110 liters) grain and 60 Malter oats. In the 130 years of the farm in the hands of the Ring family, the property was also called Ringsches Hofgut . Christian Gottlieb died in 1858. In 1828 the estate had a size of 72 acres , 72 rods , 13 Schuh farmland and 26 acres, 100 rods and 8 Schuh meadows. There were also 14 rods and 8 Schuh Gartenland. The area is still referred to today as Hofäcker und Hofwiesen .

The monastery bridge over the Aar in Hahner Weg (Klosterweg)

Monastery bridge

The bridge crossing over the Aar dates from the time the monastery was founded at the beginning of the 9th century. The bridge is on the planning line (zenith line) of the monastery construction, which runs from the Schafhof to the choir of the Ferrutius Church, the bridge itself, then to the Lehenshof (Stiftischer Hof) in Hahn over the Halberg to the castle in Neuhof. It is the oldest fortified bridge in the upper Aartal and the Wehener Grund. In 1779 the bridge was renovated at the expense of the monastery. Originally the quarry stone bridge that still exists today had two basket arches and a breakwater.

The gallows meadow

North of the Bleidenstadt monastery between the old bed of the Aar and the Vogtlandstraße, which was once also known as the Galgenweg , are the Galgenwiesen . They are limited to the east by the monastery bridge and extend to the Hopfengartenweg at the nursery. In their center was the court square near today's intersection Vogtlandstrasse / Am Schillberg. The monastery and consequently the monastery had their own jurisdiction. The judiciary was usually carried out by 14 people - 12 lay judges, the judge and the mayor . In particular, border and usage disputes were settled here. There are no files on proceedings and judgments, as the proceedings were only verbal. A gallows stood a little higher on the slope and thus already visible from afar as a deterrent, but already outside the monastery boundary. The border was lined with a thick hedge along the Galgenweg.

Landmarks of the St. Ferrutius monastery from 1747

The boundary stone walled in during renovation work in the entrance area of ​​the property at Stiftstrasse 16 is located exactly opposite the gate house of the former Bleidenstadt monastery. Another boundary stone is built into the garage wall at Aarstraße 63. A boundary stone is still at the junction between Vogtlandstraße (Ferrutiusweg) and Hahner Weg (Klosterweg). These stones are accurate to 10 meters on their original field. Another monastery boundary stone stands as a decoration in the front garden of the Stephanstraße 47 property.

Salva Guardia

Like the boundary stones of the monastery, the protective shields were also around the monastery and monastery area to be protected. According to Pastor Fenner von Fenneberg (1888), such a Salva Guardia (protective shield) is in the State Archives. This brightly colored sheet metal plate has the inscription Kaiserliche Salva Guardia . The picture shows the German imperial crown, a cross, the barons crown. In a sign below you can see three swallows, three lilies and five red balls. The conclusion is formed by an octagonal cross, which may well be a replica of the collegiate cross and underneath the signature: Ritterstift Bleidenstatt . The Salvaguardia issued to the monastery and following pin Bleidenstadt of the German emperors around the property before arson , looting and destruction to preserve in wartime. In May 2010 the remnant from the monastery and monastery time of St. Ferrutius Bleidenstadt was awarded a protected cultural property by the Hessian State Office for Monument Preservation. On Corpus Christi Day, June 3, 2010, an enamel plaque with the blue and white emblem of the Hague Convention was attached to the tower of the parish church of St. Ferrutius.

The Bleidenstadt Abbey Mill

When the town charter was granted in 1323 , Bleidenstadt Monastery lost its “sovereign rights” over Wehen and especially its property there, such as the Wehener Schafhof (from 1700 then Heckenmühle) and the Aarmühle, also known as Arden and Ahrermühle. A new mill was necessary to supply the Bleidenstadt monastery. Count Gerlach (brother of the Prince-Bishop of Mainz) handed over all land that was not expressly owned by the church or the monasteries from the hands of the monasteries or church lords to that of the secular princes. When the new mill of the monastery was in place, it was called the Pfaffenmühle from the Wehener Grund. We can still find this name on old maps at the beginning of the 20th century. Up to now, the main emphasis was placed on developing the upper Aar valley, i.e. the then designated Wehener Grund, now it was forced to remain independent of the area of ​​claim Wehens.

The Aartal west of Bleidenstadt was not developed. A path into the Aartal before Bad Schwalbach ran north of Bleidenstadt, still called the “Alter Schwalbacher Weg” today. There was a crossing of the Aar with the Bleidenstadt monastery bridge in today's Hahner Weg and the Schaffsbrück at Schafhof, at today's tennis courts below the hanging rock. The Aar has a steep gradient of around 4 meters from the Schafsbrücke to the Stiftsmühle. A large pond was also created here around 1700 through the work of Müller Wingart. The Stiftsweiher has disappeared again in our time because the mill was converted to turbine operation. On this Furth, the monastery built the new mill, today's monastery mill. The old mill buildings are nowhere to be seen, as a fire destroyed the mill in 1928. But it was rebuilt in a considerably modified form.

The Bleidenstadt village mill

This mill is also called the Hellersmühle . On December 25, 1702, Prince Georg August von Nassau granted the journeyman carpenter and miller Johann Engel Wingart permission to build a mill 'on the Hohl Wieß of the widow Claudy Gros in our village of Bleidenstadt'. Wingart was the son-in-law of the Stiftsmüller Matthias Scheffgen. The mill was built right next to the Johannes Gros family's bakery, which had been built a few years ago. Wingart died early and around 1722 his widow sold the mill to the miller Martin Cabinet, who bequeathed the mill to his son Joh Friedrich, who was married to the slag miller daughter Anna Maria Mehler, in 1744. In 1753 Gros and Anna Maria Closet, b. Mehler both widowed and married. They ran the mill until 1783, after which Gros' stepson, Wilhelm Wardrobe, took over the mill. In 1807, Johann Peter Heller, who came from the Bungesmühle near Laufenselden and has been married in Bleidenstadt since 1803, bought the Bleidenstadter Mühle from Wilhelm Wardrobe. In 1858 the mill was expanded by a large new building on Aarstrasse, which still exists today as a bakery. In 1882 there was another change of ownership after the death of the young miller Peter Heller in 1881. He left his wife Florentine Ernst with three children. The widow married Jakob Möhler from Würges, a member of the Mehler family from the Hängesmühle . When he died in 1906 - he left behind four children of his own - his son Jakob Heller, married to Margarethe Bieroth, took over the mill. Milling was stopped in 1940. The farm buildings, old stables and the barn were demolished in 1960. The building complex has been preserved and is used for residential purposes.

Regular events

  • "Bleischter curb" (always on the last weekend in August)

societies

  • TSV Bleidenstadt
  • 1. Bleidenstadter Carnevalsgesellschaft 1953 e. V.
  • Bleidenstadt-Watzhahn 1891 singers' association V.
  • Bleidenstadt Volunteer Fire Brigade 1893 eV

Religious communities

  • Evangelical parish in Bleidenstadt and Born
  • Catholic Parish of St. Ferrutius
  • Church different (Free Evangelical Congregation)

Economy and Infrastructure

Public facilities

traffic

Bleidenstadt train station

The federal highway 275 , which is called “Aarstrasse” throughout Taunusstein , runs through Bleidenstadt . In Bleidenstadt, this route is also used by Bundesstraße 54 , which comes from Wiesbaden via the Iron Hand . Aarstrasse was built in the 1850s and generally referred to as Chaussee for the 100 years that followed.

Bleidenstadt has a stop on the Aartalbahn , which was closed in 1983, but on which museum trains of the Nassau Tourist Railway operated from 1986 . Since its operation had to be severely restricted in 2007, there has been no train traffic in Bleidenstadt. The single-storey entrance building, built in 1891 from two-tone bricks, is typical of the Aartal. The building, which is used today as a Protestant parish hall, is a listed building along with the tracks. As part of the Wiesbaden Stadtbahn project, a resumption of passenger traffic between Bad Schwalbach and Wiesbaden was discussed between 1998 and 2001 . Today there are again plans to reactivate the Aartalbahn as a city or regional train.

literature

Web links

Commons : Bleidenstadt  - collection of images

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Taunusstein population statistics 2015 , accessed in July 2016
  2. ↑ Archives of the St. Ferrutius Bleidenstadt monastery in the Hessian Main State Archives, Wiesbaden.
  3. ↑ Handbook of Historic Places in Germany, Hesse. 3rd revised edition, p. 55.
  4. ↑ a b c Portrait of the town on the website of the city of Taunusstein ( Memento from July 25, 2016 in the Internet Archive )
  5. ^ Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer GmbH, Stuttgart and Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 377 .
  6. ^ "Bleidenstadt, Rheingau-Taunus-Kreis". Historical local dictionary for Hesse (as of April 4, 2014). In: Landesgeschichtliches Informationssystem Hessen (LAGIS). Hessian State Office for Historical Cultural Studies (HLGL), accessed on July 8, 2014 .
  7. ↑ Approval of a coat of arms of the community Bleidenstadt, Untertaunuskreis, administrative district Wiesbaden from June 25, 1955 . In: The Hessian Minister of the Interior (ed.): State Gazette for the State of Hesse. 1955 no. 28 , p. 686 , point 735 ( online at the information system of the Hessian state parliament [PDF; 322 kB ]).
  8. ↑ Homepage of the Catholic parish of St. Ferrutius ( Memento from September 12, 2010 in the Internet Archive )
  9. ^ Fund: Bleidenstadt, Stift St. Ferrutius (975-1790) in the European document archive Monasterium.net .
  10. ↑ Dimensions before 1868: 1 morning = 3400 m² (after that 2553 m²), 1 rod = 21.25 m² (after that 14.18 m²)
  11. ↑ Private website ( memento from January 26, 2017 in the Internet Archive )
  12. ↑ https://bleidenstadt-born.ekhn.de/startseite.html
  13. ↑ https://www.heiligefamilie.net/index.php/kirchorte/bleidenstadt
  14. ↑ http://kircheanders.de/
  15. ↑ State Office for the Preservation of Monuments Hesse (ed.): Bahnhof Bleidenstadt In: DenkXweb, online edition of cultural monuments in Hesse