Neufriedstein
Neufriedstein is a former monumental protection today vineyard property with mansion and a Berghaus (Mätressenschlösschen) at the address Neufriedstein in the district Niederlößnitz the Saxon town of Radebeul , within the present vineyard Radebeuler Johannisberg the midst Historical Conservation Area Historical vineyard landscape Radebeul .
While the manor house was listed as a monument to cultural history in GDR times at the latest , the Mätressenschlösschen was already described as an art monument in 1904 by Gurlitt and in 1905 by Dehio , years before the Saxon Monument Protection Act was passed in 1909 .
description
The Neufriedstein vineyard site, which adjoins the Wackerbarth monument ensemble to the west , today includes the mountain house ( Mätressenschlösschen ) and the manor house ( Pfarrtöchterheim ) on the street Neufriedstein , the supplementary buildings on both sides and the winegrower's house ( Nitzsche house ), as well as the vineyard and park, as a historical conservation entity ( Ensemble protection ) under monument protection. The individual monument Unteres Berghaus , which also formerly belonged to Neufriedstein and where Johann Peter Hundiker lived in the 1820s, stands outside of the aggregate .
On the opposite side of the street and thus outside or below Neufriedstein is the former winery of Haus Liborius .
Mätressenschlösschen
The Berghaus Neufriedstein , built in 1771/1772 on the slope edge above the Schildberg , is one of the landmarks of the town of Radebeul that can be seen from afar. It is a solid erected Berg pavilion ( 51 ° 6 '55.7 " N , 13 ° 37' 34" O ), which today Mätressenschlösschen is called. It used to be called Himmelsschlösschen or Friedstein Castle . Like the manor house, the Mätressenschlösschen is now a listed building , but at its own address Mohrenstrasse 10. It is considered to be "significant in terms of building history, artistry, landscape design and local history". The building is at about 182 m above sea level. NHN , the manor house Neufriedstein at about 130 m and the street Am Jacobstein running below at 110 m above sea level. NHN .
On a valley-side terrace with stairs on both sides there is a windowless substructure made of sandstone blocks with a blind arch structure in the view and a balustrade on top, inside with a barrel vault. The pleasure house itself is an octagonal, plastered structure with two rectangular wing structures attached to the right and left. These have one-sided tiled hipped roofs, the central building has a mansard roof with a viewing platform. The weather vane shows the year 1717 by rotating the number .
The Mätressenschlösschen property, which was divided off by the writer and translator Maximilian Rudolpf Schenk through the sale of the manor house in 1888, was acquired by the Niederlößnitz community in 1922.
The salon inside was painted with viticulture motifs until the renovation in 1923. The only historical inventory today is a dainty rococo fireplace in the salon.
After the building was partly leased as a residential building in GDR times, it was sold to private customers in 1993. According to another representation, the property was already in the possession of the von Erivan Haub family before the Second World War , who got the summer residence back after the fall of the Wall. The owner had it renovated from 1998 to 2000 in accordance with historical monuments, and at the same time a new residential building was built behind the pleasure house, viewed from the slope edge, the shape of which was based on the specifications of the Mätressenschlösschen. The former Saxon Prime Minister Kurt Biedenkopf lived in the new house from 2001 to 2006 after he moved out of the guest house of the Saxon government.
The surrounding area was redesigned as a park, the design of which was awarded a prize for Saxon gardening and landscaping in 2001.
From its shape to the looks Mätressenschlösschen like a smaller copy of a few months earlier to the east in the Oberlößnitz incurred home in the sun .
In the art monuments around Dresden (Gurlitt, 1904) the "Lusthaus, now Friedsteinburg" is described in detail on one and a half pages, plus two drawings and a floor plan. The "Friedstein Vineyard House" is also listed in the Handbook of German Art Monuments (Dehio, 1905).
Neufriedstein mansion
The former manor house Neufriedstein (Neufriedstein 2) from around 1770, the main building of the later parish daughter's home, stands directly on the mountain side of the access road from the valley, which is now also called Neufriedstein and leads up to the Winzerhof. Directly in front of the mansion is a bulge in the street, on which the carriages used to be turned and where they are parked today. From there, a historic wine trail leads through the vineyard to the foot of the mountain slope, to the street Am Jacobstein .
The two-storey cultural monument is an elongated structure with a tiled mansard roof . It has eleven window axes in length, five of which are designed as dormers in the roof. In the center of the plain plastered facade is a portico, which was placed in front of it in 1820, as an arbor with four Doric columns, the top exit is surrounded by an iron grating. The window-door element of the exit has a Palladi motif .
Behind the house is a formal garden, from the mountain side of which a vineyard staircase leads through the newly terraced steep slope vineyard to the mountain house.
Western extension
The extension of the parish daughters' home to the west (left) of the manor house with the address Neufriedstein 2a dates from 1893. The two-storey single monument with a platform roof and gable dormers essentially dates from the 18th century. It has five window axes on the boarded upper floor, the eaves height of which corresponds to that of the main building. The original planking was installed in 1903 in order to make the building look more reticent than the manor house.
Mathildenhaus
The house to the east of the mansion with the address Neufriedstein 1 is called Mathildenhaus and is an extension of the parish daughters' home from 1904.
The two-storey, listed building stands on a high base and has a mansard roof . The ridge height is the same as that of the manor house to the west. Both buildings are connected by a short section of wall with a round arched gate. Towards the valley, the decorative appearance of the five-axis building is emphasized by a three-axis segment arch gable in front of the roof. In the central axis there is also the entrance door and a balcony in front of the upper floor.
Nitzsches Winzerhof
The former winegrower's farm, which is also listed today, is located at Neufriedstein 5. The core building of the two-story residential building ( Haus Nitzsche ) dates from the 18th century. In 1883 permits were issued for the renovation of the house, among other things the ground floor of the winegrower's house could be changed for residential purposes. The construction inspection followed two years later.
In 1969 the middle ground floor rooms had to be closed due to excessive moisture, the necessary external repairs were carried out in 1970, and further renovation work followed from 1981.
Today the building with its tiled hipped roof has a six-axis eaves side facing south towards the slope, on the left there is a front door, on the right there is a shop entrance, the entire ground floor of this facade is adorned with a vine trellis. The windows of the simple plastered building are framed by sandstone walls on which there were formerly folding shutters .
The one-storey extension to the winegrower's house and the one-storey annex building diagonally to the left in front of it are also under monument protection.
The property was named Nitzsches Winzerhof after the first owner, Johannes Nitzsche, who was independent from Neufriedstein . The object Oberes Winzerhaus was named in the list of monuments of architecture in GDR times .
Street Neufriedstein
The street, called like the former winery, is the historical access to the manor house and the winery. It begins at the square formation at the foot of the vineyards, where the avenue coming from Meißner Straße to Friedstein property met the former Salzstraße (here Winzerstraße and Am Jacobstein ) and then ran towards the manor Altfriedstein . From there, the access road, which is only asphalted in the lower part, runs west above Am Jacobstein.
The mountain side of the road is caught by stone walls.
At the beginning of the street, below the street with the address Am Jacobstein 2, there is the Untere Berghaus, whose entrance can also be entered from the street Neufriedstein. Further uphill on the mountain side after the backyard of the modern home comes the ensemble of Mathildenhaus (No. 1), Herrenhaus Neufriedstein (No. 2) and extension building (No. 2a), followed by the rental villa Neufriedstein 3a, which has also been awarded a builder's prize Listed rental villa Neufriedstein 4 and at the end of the street the Winzerhof Nitzsche.
Rental villa Neufriedstein 3a ( Radebeul builders' award 2002), on the right the Neufriedstein manor house with outbuildings
Single monument rental villa Neufriedstein 4
Remnants of columns built into the retaining wall (on the path to the right of the Mathildenhaus )
Remnants of columns built into the retaining wall (on the path to the right of the Mathildenhaus )
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Stone trough with dolphin
As early as the 18th century, the Altfriedstein to the east was connected to a water supply from Schwarzes Teich . On the mountain side, a water pipe came from the retaining wall to the land above, which among other things ended in a water feature in the northern courtyard: the fountain from around 1790 with the dolphin representing the gargoyle under a fan-like ornament and a simple water basin is already included Gurlitt described the former installation of the dolphin under the fan in its niche, also shown as a sketch. The dolphin and trough, both of which are listed as a fragment of the baroque fountain system, were relocated to another location on today's Neufriedstein site as a water feature and connected to the water again in the 2000s .
history
The vineyard property west of Friedstein (later renamed Altfriedstein ) was named Neufriedstein in 1827 . It was originally on the vineyard corridor belonging to Naundorf . When it was founded in 1839, this became part of Niederlößnitz.
In 1665, Reich Secretary Anton Weck received the Sandleithe vineyard for an expense claim of 500 Talers to the Moritzburg office . The Schildberg located above was added around the same time, while the Wehlsberg , which borders the Fly Wedel vineyard to the east , was owned by the Lords of Köckeritz at Wehlen Castle . Already in 1417 this was considered one of the most valuable vineyards in the Loessnitz .
In 1727, the Dresden councilor and businessman Johann Georg Ehrlich acquired from the bankruptcy estate of the cand. Jur. Conrad Weck the Schildberg . After he had acquired the Sandleithe from the Alwardt heirs in 1741 , he left his property to his only son Johann Gotthold Ehrlich in 1743. In 1749 he bought the Wehlener Berg including the mountain and press house, the winegrower's building (today No. 5: Haus Nitzsche, see below), sheds and all inventory for 3000 thalers, but payable in " louis dor and ducats ".
So the three historic vineyards Schild , Sandleithe and Wehlsberg came together to form the Ehrlich vineyard property , as it was called in the land register of 1800, which later became Neufriedstein. Son Johann Gotthold (Johann Gottlob) Ehrlich had several mining tunnels driven into the slope in search of silver around 1765, without success. In the lower area of the Schildberg , Johann Gotthold Ehrlich built the baroque mansion (later the parish daughters' home ) with side terraces around 1770 and the Berghaus Neufriedstein on the slope edge as a pleasure house in 1771/1772 .
In 1776 Christiane Dorothea bought a married shepherdess (Schäffer) born. Weinartin the property. Her husband inherited the vineyards and the winegrower's house, later known as Haus Lotter, in 1752 . She is credited with building the sandstone stairs up to the mountain house. The manor house (today no. 2) received a classical portico on four Doric columns from its later owner, Major Karl Gottlob Ludwig Schäffer .
Georg Schwarz, brother-in-law of Ludwig Pilgrim and like this son-in-law of Johann Peter Hundiker , lived around 1820 on the Friedstein vineyard estate of his brother-in-law Pilgrim. In 1821 he probably only bought the Schäffer's vineyard for lease , which he was able to buy in 1827. Since 1823 he had already acquired Fried stone from his brother, who at that time already in Mohr house lived, named Black Fried stone in Altfriedstein to and Schäffersche estate in Neufriedstein . With Georg Schwarz and from 1830 Franz Carl Sickmann , who later became a member of the state parliament, two of the founders of the Bussard sparkling wine cellar, established in 1836, owned Neufriedstein. Sickmann also started its own sparkling wine production on Neufriedstein, but soon stopped it. In 1870 the property was inherited by Sickmann's son-in-law Carl (Karl Robert) Glück, one of the owners of the Glück & Plath sparkling wine cellar .
The doctor Ernst Wilhelm Lenk built a pub on the property in 1876, which he closed again four years later so that the land could be parceled out after the phylloxera disaster and sold as building land. A majolica factory and the Niederlößnitz waterworks were built in the southwestern part .
The manor house and the mountain house together with the Schildberg were taken over by the writer and translator of Italian and Persian poetry Maximilian Rudolph Schenck in 1886 . He in turn sold the mansion in 1888 to the state association for the support of orphaned and unserved preacher's daughters in the Kingdom of Saxony , which set up the so-called parish daughter's home here, which existed until 1998. In 1893 the first extension with 10 rooms to the south was built on the western terrace by the builder Adolf Neumann , which was followed in 1904 by the second extension on the eastern terrace, also by Neumann, but already drawn by his colleague Felix Sommer .
The circus director Hans Stosch-Sarrasani bought the Villa Neufriedstein 1 in 1938 as a residence and "retreat for deserving Sarrasani artists". In 1948 his widow Trude Stosch-Sarrasani moved to Argentina, where she ran the Circo Sarrasani-Shangri La with interruptions until 1972 . In 1992 she visited Dresden and Radebeul again, where she donated her artist rest home on Neufriedstein to the Diakonie. Instead, it built the modern Neufriedstein retirement and nursing home in 1997/1998, and the parish daughter's home was dissolved at the same time .
The manor house, which has since been sold to private customers and renovated in 2003, has been used for residential purposes since 2001.
literature
- Frank Andert (Red.): Radebeul City Lexicon . Historical manual for the Loessnitz . Published by the Radebeul City Archives. 2nd, slightly changed edition. City archive, Radebeul 2006, ISBN 3-938460-05-9 .
- Barbara Bechter, Wiebke Fastenrath u. a. (Ed.): Handbook of German Art Monuments , Saxony I, Dresden District . Deutscher Kunstverlag, Munich 1996, ISBN 3-422-03043-3 , p. 736-737 .
- Georg Dehio : Handbook of the German art monuments. Volume 1: Central Germany. Wasmuth, Berlin 1905, p. 230. ( Niederlössnitz. Weinbergshaus Friedstein. ).
- Matthias Donath, Jörg Blobelt (photos): Saxon wine country . Historic wineries and vineyard houses in the Elbe Valley. 1st edition. Editorial and publishing company Elbland, Dresden 2010.
- Cornelius Gurlitt : Niederlössnitz. Friedstein vineyard property. In: Descriptive representation of the older architectural and art monuments of the Kingdom of Saxony. 26. Booklet: The art monuments of Dresden's surroundings, Part 2: Amtshauptmannschaft Dresden-Neustadt . CC Meinhold, Dresden 1904, p. 132 ff.
- Volker Helas (arrangement): City of Radebeul . Ed .: State Office for Monument Preservation Saxony, Large District Town Radebeul (= Monument Topography Federal Republic of Germany . Monuments in Saxony ). SAX-Verlag, Beucha 2007, ISBN 978-3-86729-004-3 .
- Liselotte Closer (Erarb.): Radebeul - City guide through the past and present . 1st supplemented edition. Edition Reintzsch, Radebeul 2008, ISBN 978-3-930846-05-4 .
Web links
- Manfred Richter: Neufriedstein; Parish daughters home. In: Niederlößnitz from yesteryear. Retrieved August 18, 2012 .
- The vineyards of Radebeul (from Jacobstein in the west to the water tower in the east)
Individual evidence
- ↑ Volker Helas (arrangement): City of Radebeul . Ed .: State Office for Monument Preservation Saxony, Large District Town Radebeul (= Monument Topography Federal Republic of Germany . Monuments in Saxony ). SAX-Verlag, Beucha 2007, ISBN 978-3-86729-004-3 , p. 229–230 and enclosed map .
- ↑ a b Large district town of Radebeul (ed.): Directory of the cultural monuments of the town of Radebeul . Radebeul May 24, 2012, p. 28 (Last list of monuments published by the city of Radebeul. The Lower Monument Protection Authority, which has been located in the Meißen district since 2012, has not yet published a list of monuments for Radebeul.).
- ^ Address book of Dresden with suburbs (1901), p. 395.
- ↑ a b Large district town of Radebeul (ed.): Directory of the cultural monuments of the town of Radebeul . Radebeul May 24, 2012, p. 27 (Last list of monuments published by the city of Radebeul. The Lower Monument Protection Authority, which has been located in the Meißen district since 2012, has not yet published a list of monuments for Radebeul.).
- ↑ The Biedenkopfs move into Tengelmann-Villa in Radebeul . According to: Dresdner Latest News from June 7, 2001
- ^ Matthias Donath, Jörg Blobelt (photos): Sächsisches Weinland . Historic wineries and vineyard houses in the Elbe Valley. 1st edition. Redaktions- und Verlagsgesellschaft Elbland, Dresden 2010, p. 184-186 .
- ↑ Cornelius Gurlitt : Niederlössnitz. More buildings. Middle mountain road No. 88. Altfriedstein. In: Descriptive representation of the older architectural and art monuments of the Kingdom of Saxony. 26. Booklet: The art monuments of Dresden's surroundings, Part 2: Amtshauptmannschaft Dresden-Neustadt . CC Meinhold, Dresden 1904, p. 133.
- ↑ a b c Liselotte Closer (Erarb.): Radebeul - City guide through past and present . 1st supplemented edition. Edition Reintzsch, Radebeul 2008, ISBN 978-3-930846-05-4 , pp. 127 ff .
- ↑ a b Jochen Zschaler: Was Jean Paul in the Loessnitz? Part 2 . In: Preview and Review. Monthly magazine for Radebeul and the surrounding area. 14th year, issue 3, pp. 2-4. Radebeuler Monatshefte eV (publisher), Radebeul 2003.
Coordinates: 51 ° 6 ′ 51.6 ″ N , 13 ° 37 ′ 31.4 ″ E