Heiligenkreuz Church Villach

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Villach Church of the Holy Cross
Accusation of christ
Look into the dome
Resurrection of Christ
High altar

The Heiligenkreuzkirche in Villach is a Roman Catholic parish and pilgrimage church . The late baroque church stands on the southern bank of the Drau in the Perau district .

history

A church of St. Peter in Perau, whose origins could go back to the 8th century, is first mentioned in 1233. The original church was closer to the Drava. In 1244 the church was handed over by the lordship of Bamberg as the landlord and the Patriarch of Aquileja as ordinary to the Katharinenspital, which was built in 1233, and made a parish. In 1280, St. Peter was incorporated into the Griffen monastery together with the Katharinenspital . According to the founding legend of the pilgrimage church, a crucifix was found that grew out of a nearby wall. Perau became a place of pilgrimage in the 18th century. The new church was built between 1726 and 1738 according to a design by Hans Eder, who was responsible for the planning of the castle chapels in Wernberg , Ehrenhausen and Werthenau , among other things . The builder was Augustin Pichler, the resigned abbot of the Griffen monastery. The construction was carried out by Andreas Sigl (Siegel), probably with the help of foreman Andreas Kandusch and master carpenter Jakob Scherer. The building was blessed in 1744 and consecrated in 1751 by the first Archbishop of Gorizia, Carl Michael Graf Attems. The Heiligenkreuz chapel connected to the church was built in 1771 and consecrated in 1774. The parish rights were transferred to the new church in 1783 and the old St. Peterskirche was torn down in 1809.

Building description

Outside

The church is built on a cross-shaped plan. The central slender dome on a high, octagonal drum with an octagonal lantern is the focal point above the crossing . The two three-storey facade towers are structured with pilasters and cornices, which enclose two figure niches in the lowest part and a window opening at the top. The capitals of the pilasters have Tuscan , Ionic and Corinthian shapes in ascending order of the storeys . The towers are crowned by tall onion helmets. The oldest bell was cast by Andreas Röder in 1728. The 900 kg cross bell and the 368 kg Petrus bell were purchased in 1964. Three figures are placed in each of the niches of the towers: a monk at the bottom of the north tower, probably St. Benedict or Francis of Assisi , above John the Baptist and on the outside a late Baroque St. Ulrich . At the bottom of the south tower are Saint Ferdinand of Castile , above Saint Helena and outside an Antonius of Padua made in 1859 . Between the towers, the curved facade on the ground floor has a rectangular porch above the entrance on which an Ecce Homo group stands. The end of the central façade is formed by an aedicule with a figure niche that contains a figure of Christ the King in a preaching gesture, created by Jacob Campidell in 1929 . On the underside of the portico is the multi-figure accusation of Christ painted in the first half of the 19th century. To the east of the northern facade tower is an oval connecting room that leads into the small, narrow Heiligenkreuz chapel with west choir, which is attached to the north side of the church.

Inside

The nave and a half bay are followed by the crossing and the transept with semicircular apses . The two-bay choir ends in an apse and has square extensions on both sides of the second choir bay with oratorios on the upper floor. The walls are structured by pilasters with rich capitals and a cranked, strongly projecting cornice with segment-arched windows above. Under the slightly curved organ gallery, the painting signed "FP 1743" shows the eviction of the changers from the temple.

Frescoes

The frescoes in the vaults were created in 1960 by Fritz Fröhlich in the late Expressionist style. In the dome you can see the apocalyptic lamb with the 24 elders. Saints Helena, Bernhard , Longinus and Joseph of Arimathea are depicted in the spandrels of the dome base .

The focus of the frescoes in the choir is the resurrection of Christ . In addition, two angels hold the scourge column, or lance and sponge vinegar. Other tools of suffering such as scourge, hammer and tongs are shown in their own medallions. Saint Peter is painted in gray, holding the cross upside down in front of the Church of the Holy Cross. Medallions with water waves and fish caught in the net are added to the side, further attributes of Peter.

The saints Rupert and Modestus are depicted in the southern side apse, and the Assumption of Mary in the northern side . Saint Cecilia can be seen above the organ .

Furnishing

The furnishings are all from the second quarter of the 18th century. The statues of the main altar and both side altars are by Joseph Mayer.

High altar

The monumental high altar with side sacrificial portals and high predella and niche architecture fills the choir in height and width. A crucifixion group with Mary and John can be seen in the central niche , flanked by two holy bishops, St. Norbert with a cross staff and monstrance and probably St. Augustine . A dove of the Holy Spirit is attached to the underside of the altarpiece. Above it, God the Father hovers over the globe and clouds. The originally ivory-colored version of the statues was replaced in 1871 by today's colored gold and silver version of the clothes. The high altar served as a model for the high altar of the collegiate church in Griffen, which was built a little later.

Lamentation altar

The lamentation altar is set up in the north transept. The middle painting with the Lamentation of Christ is attributed to the successor of Franz Anton Maulbertsch . The inscription in the cartouche reads: “These are those who have not been defiled: for they are virgins. Heiml. Revelation 14, v.4 ”. The picture is flanked by two Jesuit saints, Saint Aloysius with a lily and cross and probably Saint Stanislaus Kostka . In the top picture, St. Joseph is shown in the folk style of the 19th century .

Altar of the right thief

The painting of the right thief on the south side altar also comes from the successor Franz Anton Maulbertsch . Next to it are the sculptures of Simon Peter with a rooster and Mary Magdalene with a pierced heart and an ointment vessel. The figure of the kneeling king in the upper picture represents Franz Borgia or an Old Testament king.

Magdalen Altar

Under the organ gallery there is a small Magdalen altar from the 17th century, which was acquired by the Oberwollanig church in 1959/61 . The main picture shows the bust of Maria Magdalena, the top picture shows a Madonna and Child. The coronation is formed by the corona rising over a putti's head with the IHS symbol in the medallion.

pulpit

The pulpit dates from the third quarter of the 18th century. The four evangelists sit on the bulges of the pulpit . On the sound cover there are female figures with the symbols of the Christian virtues cross, anchor and flaming heart for faith, hope and love. The volute crown is formed by Moses with the tablet of the law. Christ as the Good Shepherd is depicted on the relief of the back wall of the pulpit .

Further facility

The Sacred Heart statue was created by Jacob Campidell in 1905, the Madonna and Child in 1907. On the dome pillar opposite the pulpit stands a man of Sorrows on a console under a canopy , which Konrad Campidell made in the late Baroque style in the 1960s. Above the four baroque confessionals, in rocailles frames, there are depictions of biblical scenes that deal with the forgiveness of sins and the mercy of God. The Narzarener Kreuzweg pictures were bought in 1873, the crucifixion scene was painted by Fritz Fröhlich in 1959/61.

organ

View of the organ

The organ was built between 1865 and 1868 by the organ builder Josef Grafenauer (Gailtal) and expanded in 1876. In 1906 the instrument received a new, free-standing console and was expanded again. In 1967 the instrument was repaired by the organ builder Rudolf Novak (Klagenfurt); In the course of this, the blower system was electrified and the scheduling changed. In 2003 the instrument was restored by the organ builder Bernhard Ottitsch (Reßnig near Ferlach), equipped with a new pewter pipe brochure and returned to its original condition. The main pipework is housed in the visible (upper) part of the case. The auxiliary plant is set up in the lower housing. Behind the (visible) organ case is the pedal wind position and the bellows, which can also be operated mechanically. The slider chest instrument has 17 stops on two manuals and pedal . The actions are fully mechanical.

I main work C – c 3
1. Drone 16 ′
2. Principal 8th'
3. flute 8th'
4th Salicional 8th'
5. Octave 4 ′
6th Reed flute 4 ′
7th Dolce 4 ′
8th. Fifth 3 ′
9. Octave 2 ′
10. Mixture III 1 13
II subsidiary work C – c 3
11. Fugara 8th'
12. Covered 8th'
13. Principal 4 ′
14th Fifth 1 13
15th Octave 2 ′
Pedals C – f 0
16. Sub bass 16 ′
17th Octavbass 8th'
  • Coupling: Manual coupling II / I as coupling cable; Fixed coupling of the Hauptwerk to the pedal

Heiligenkreuz Chapel

On the right below the gallery is the entrance to the Heiligenkreuz Chapel with its square vault. The Trinity , the Resurrection and the Ascension are depicted in painted stucco frames . On the walls are the console figures of Saints Joseph, John, Nepomuk and Antonius of Padua, as well as votive pictures from the 19th century. The adjoining Heilgenkreuz chapel is a narrow one-nave and two-bay chapel of grace with a retracted west choir. The chapel is vaulted by a low barrel with cross straps. The narrow pillars have ornate capitals and a slightly cranked cornice. On the ceiling, scenes from the life of Mary are depicted in painted stucco frames: the temple passage, the Annunciation , the marriage, the visitation and the adoration of the shepherds. The passion scenes in the first yoke were revised in the 19th century. They show the scene of the Mount of Olives, the flagellation of Christ, the crowning of thorns and the carrying of the cross. Four representations from the founding legend or votive representations can be seen in the wall panels. The east end of the chapel is an apse with a painted balustrade and supplicants. The altar with a richly carved frame conceals the miraculous image in the shrine behind etched glass, the torso of a probably Gothic body . The top picture of the altar shows the enthroned God the Father with scepter and globe. The altar is separated from the rest of the chapel by a magnificent wrought iron grille from 1774.

literature

  • Dehio manual. The art monuments of Austria. Carinthia . Anton Schroll, Vienna 2001, ISBN 3-7031-0712-X , p. 1011 f.
  • Barbara Kienzl: The baroque pulpits in Carinthia. Verlag des Kärntner Landesarchiv, Klagenfurt 1986, ISBN 3-900531-16-1 , p. 402.
  • Eduard Mahlknecht: The Holy Cross Church in Perau Villach - Carinthia. Publishing house St. Peter, Salzburg 1996.
  • Barbara Neubauer -Kienzl, Wilhelm Deuter, Eduard Mahlknecht: Baroque in Carinthia - With a contribution by Eva Berger. Universitätsverlag Carinthia, Klagenfurt 2000, ISBN 3-85378-489-5 , p. 83, p. 188 f. and pp. 208-210.

Individual evidence

  1. See the information on the organ

Web links

Commons : Heiligenkreuzkirche, Villach  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Coordinates: 46 ° 36 '32.8 "  N , 13 ° 51' 7.1"  E