Hermann Klette

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Hermann Klette
Memorial plaque for Hermann Klette and Hans Erlwein on the grounds of the Dresden-Kaditz sewage treatment plant

Hermann Klette (born February 8, 1847 in Dresden ; † February 27, 1909 there ; full name: Carl Otto Hermann Simson Klette ) was a German civil engineer and construction clerk .

Life

Hermann Klette was born on February 8, 1847 in Dresden as the son of the master furrier , city councilor and member of the state parliament, Karl Gustav Klette. His father was a radical member of the second chamber of the Saxon state parliament , was arrested as a revolutionary in 1849 and died early. Hermann Klette grew up with his mother.

From 1866 to 1870 he studied civil engineering at the Royal Saxon Polytechnic School in Dresden , where he became a member of the association for the maintenance of free speech "Polyhymnia" (today Corps Altsachsen ). After completing his studies, Klette went to the Franco-German War as a volunteer in the field artillery for a year .

Klette was with Clara Elisabeth Klette, geb. Helm (* May 20, 1854; † February 3, 1917 in Dresden) married and lived with her from 1898 at Villa Kotzschweg 12 in Loschwitz . According to the daily newspapers of the time, burdock died on February 27, 1909 of hardening of the arteries and renal colic . He was cremated in the Chemnitz crematorium and buried in the Johannisfriedhof in Dresden- Tolkewitz .

Burdock in the railway construction administration

Thurm stop of the Mülsengrundbahn, around 1900

After his return from the campaign in 1871, Klette worked as an assistant technician and later as an engineer assistant at the Royal Saxon State Railways . Projects here included the construction of the Leipzig – Chemnitz, Plauen – Oelsnitz and the South Lusatian Railway . After passing the state examination in 1875, Klette was given the management of the construction of the state railway line Eibau-Oderwitz. From 1880 to 1884 he worked outside the civil service in the construction of the so-called deep mining shaft railway and the von Arnim coal railway . In 1884, Klette worked on the construction of the Mülsengrundbahn . In April 1886, Klette was appointed director of the Altenburg I engineering department on the Leipzig – Hof line . He made some study trips to Austria , Italy , France , Holland and Belgium .

Klette as a city planning officer

On May 1, 1889, the Dresden City Planning Office was divided into two independent offices for technical matters: one for civil engineering and one for civil engineering. On this day, Klette succeeded the then building authority manager Carl Manck (1838–1888) in the service of the city of Dresden as a board member of the municipal civil engineering department. With the appointment to the city building council, Klette also received a seat on the city council.

Expansion of the city drainage system

Klette's overview plan of the systems for cleaning and discharging the Dresden wastewater from February 1903

After Klette's predecessor Manck died, Klette continued the expansion of the Dresden city drainage system that Manck had started in 1850. For this purpose, a lengthy inventory of the canals that had been built up to now was carried out. The maps created in the process are still the basis of the maps used in the planning chamber of the Dresden city drainage system. At this point in time, many channels no longer met the current requirements. The rain measurements carried out on the municipal building yard since 1885 revealed amounts of precipitation that overstrained the canals of that time.

Sewer construction

Hood-shaped canals (egg profiles), overview by Hermann Klette

On April 1, 1890, a reorganization of the civil engineering office came into effect, including a technical department for sewers. Here, under burdock, a number of projects were started that had become urgent due to neglect in the past. This included the construction of several main regional canals running at right angles to the Elbe and the two interception canals parallel to the Elbe on the Old Town and New Town sides . The latter collect the wastewater from the area's main canals and direct it to the sewage treatment plant. In addition, new gate valves in the area's main canals prevented a flood backflow into the city. For this purpose, Klette used new channel profiles with better hydraulic properties. In contrast to the sluices with wide soles built under Manck, Klette used egg profiles - narrow at the bottom, wide at the top. These corresponded better to the changing flow conditions in a mixed sewer system . The new profiles enabled a sufficient flow rate in dry weather and could absorb large amounts of water when it rained. The risk of deposits in the canal has been reduced. Another progressive change was the transition from the old stone building system to concrete building.

Wastewater sewer system Dresden 1906 (red), 2002 (red + gray) and flood areas of the Elbe flood in 2002

Overall, the Dresden Civil Engineering Office constructed around 56 kilometers of main sewers between 1890 and 1895, including ten kilometers of dome-shaped drainage channels. 3.6 kilometers of canals were restored and 10.5 kilometers of unsuitable locks removed or replaced. At the turn of the century, the sewage network consisted of twelve catchment areas, each with a main sewer. At the end of Klette's tenure, the sewer network was 430 kilometers long.

On the political side, Herrmann Klette found special support from the City Councilor, Judicial Councilor Dr. Heel. He tirelessly drew attention to the convenience and, above all, the health benefits of the water closet .

The Kaditz sewage treatment plant

The sieve disc hall of the Kaditz sewage treatment plant in 1910

Klette identified the village of Kaditz west of Dresden as the optimal end point of the interception channels , as this is one of the deepest places in Dresden's urban area. With the incorporation of Kaditz in 1903, the prerequisites for the construction of a sewage treatment plant were created at this point. Since Klette was planning to use numerous new processes, a test facility was initially built below the Marienbrücke (today's canal base "Weißeritzstrasse") in which the various cleaning processes and facilities could be tested between 1906 and 1907. After completion of the test phase, the Kaditz sewage treatment plant was built between 1909 and 1910 , which was long overdue for Dresden, which had meanwhile grown into a major city . On July 15, 1910, the plant was put into operation. She had planned the project together with Hans Erlwein . Klette was responsible for the technical implementation, Erlwein for the architectural design. Klette did not live to see the completion of the facility. The task of the plant was to purify the wastewater from the entire urban area and some neighboring towns, which was directed to Kaditz in a widely ramified canal network through natural slopes.

Bridge building

The Carolabrücke

The first Carolabrücke during the Elbe flood in 1932

Together with Claus Köpcke, Klette was involved in the planning and construction of what was then the fourth Dresden Elbe crossing, the Carolabrücke . The bridge was built between 1892 and 1895. The construction costs were a little over 3 million marks. The bridge was named after the last Saxon Queen Carola .

Modeled on the Augustus Bridge at the other end of the Brühlsche Terrasse , the bridge spanned the Elbe over a total length of 326.60 meters, a width of 16 meters with a maximum span of its three steel arches of 55.30 meters. Mighty bridge piers should be able to withstand the regular flooding. The bridge had a 9.6 meter wide carriageway with a double-track tram route and 3.2 meter wide sidewalks on both sides. On May 7, 1945, one day before the end of the Second World War in Germany, German units blew up two arches of the river openings and two foreland arches on the right bank of the Elbe. Due to the severe destruction, it was not rebuilt in its old form.

The Friedrich August Bridge

Friedrich-August-Bridge, 1910
Demolition of the Augustus Bridge and interim construction, 1907

As early as 1903, Klette got involved in the discussion on the question of the reconstruction or new construction of the Augustus Bridge in Dresden as a project manager for a new bridge. Increasing shipping and traffic across the bridge made it necessary to build the new Elbe crossing built by Matthäus Daniel Pöppelmann from 1727–1731.

Since Klette had already convinced with the construction of the Carolabrücke, the city council also commissioned him to build the new Augustusbrücke. Since particular care should be taken in the architectural design of the bridge at this important point in the cityscape, the city called in the well-known architect Wilhelm Kreis in 1906 . The bridge was built between 1907 and 1910, but Klette never saw completion. During the construction work, the traffic flowed over an interim bridge that partly used old or new parts of the Augustus Bridge. The interim bridge alone cost 450,000 marks and was handed over on November 17, 1907. Shortly before Klette's death in February 1909, the interim bridge almost fell victim to a huge flood. With great efforts, the destruction could be prevented, the structure was only partially damaged.

The bridge was built as a massive arch bridge and consists essentially of rammed concrete , the visible surfaces are faced with sandstone , for which one could partially use the stones of the broken Augustus bridge . The shape of the pillars was adapted to the streamlined course of the Elbe water. The bridge is 328 meters long and 18 meters wide. The construction costs amounted to 5.5 million marks. The new building carried after the then King Friedrich August III. the name Friedrich-August-Brücke. On August 30, 1910, she was in the presence of King Friedrich August III. solemnly handed over to traffic.

In memory of the new construction of the Augustus Bridge , he had a copy of the figure of the “ little bridge man ” attached to his house , which can still be seen there today.

Further activity

Schlachthofinsel and relocation of the Weißeritz

Porter's house and chimney construction of the slaughterhouse as it was in 1994

In preparation for the reorganization of Dresden's railway traffic and to improve flood protection, the Weißeritz was relocated over a length of 3 kilometers from 1891 to September 1893 . The planning for this was incumbent on Klette. In connection with this was the construction of eight bridges and three weirs.

The increase in the area in the Ostragehege was used to build the Dresden slaughterhouse . Klette planned the underground facilities for this.

Road construction and cleaning

In this area too, Klette followed the innovations of the time. He published articles, among other things, on the subjects of "Safe rail storage in asphalt roads", dust prevention in road traffic and the appropriate paving of roads. After trials on a small scale, he was able to make progress across the city.

The street cleaning he took over in 1894 was also expanded by Klette.

Bust of Hermann Klette on the grounds of the Dresden-Kaditz sewage treatment plant

Honors

In honor of Klette, the former Bismarckstrasse in Dresden-Leuben was renamed Klettestrasse in 1921.

In 1996 a memorial stone for the builders of the plant, Hermann Klette and Hans Erlwein, was erected on the premises of the Dresden-Kaditz sewage treatment plant.

Fonts

  • Civil engineering. In: The German cities. Described after the results of the first German city exhibition in Dresden in 1903. Leipzig in 1904.
  • The drainage systems of the city of Dresden u. their training for the purpose of sponge sewers. In: Scientific guide through Dresden. Dresden 1907, pp. 200-218.
  • The Queen Carola Bridge in Dresden. In: Journal of Architecture and Engineering. Hannover 1897, pp. 313-338
  • The auxiliary bridge during the construction of the Augustus Bridge in Dresden. In: Deutsche Bauzeitung. Berlin 1909, pp. 161-165.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d Fritz Eiselen: Hermann Klette †. In: Deutsche Bauzeitung , Volume 43, 1909, No. 23 (from March 20, 1909), pp. 148–151. ( available online )
  2. ^ Website of the Corps Altsachsen ( Memento from July 15, 2008 in the Internet Archive ) at archive.org, accessed on November 22, 2012
  3. ↑ a b Oberbaurat Hermann Klette in Dresden †. In: Deutsche Bauzeitung , Volume 43, 1909, No. 18 (from March 3, 1909), p. 120. ( available online )
  4. ↑ death survey . In: Dresdner Geschichtsblätter , No. 4, 1909, p. 68.
  5. ↑ The architect Hermann Klette died 100 years ago. sz-online.de (chargeable), accessed on November 22, 2012 .
  6. ↑ a b On the passing of the town planning officer, Oberbaurat Klette. In: Salonblatt , 4th year 1909, No. 10 (from March 6, 1909), p. 10 ( available online )
  7. ↑ a b c Stadtentwässerung Dresden (Ed.): On the history of urban drainage Dresden. Initial Werbung & Verlag, Rossendorf 2007, p. 53 ff.
  8. ↑ A new canal era begins. sz-online.de (chargeable), accessed on November 22, 2012 .
  9. ↑ Information about the Kaditzer sewage treatment plant at dresdner-stadtteile.de, accessed on November 22, 2012
  10. ↑ Carolabrücke. brueckenweb.de, accessed on November 22, 2012 .
  11. ↑ The "Leitmeritz" was the last to cross the old bridge. sz-online.de (chargeable), accessed on November 22, 2012 .
  12. ↑ Information on the streets in Loschwitz on dresdner-stadtteile.de, accessed on November 22, 2012
  13. ↑ When city architect Erlwein built the sewage treatment plant. sz-online.de (chargeable), accessed on November 22, 2012 .
personal data
SURNAME Burdock, Hermann
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Klette, Carl Otto Hermann Simson (full name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German civil engineer and construction officer
DATE OF BIRTH February 8, 1847
PLACE OF BIRTH Dresden
DATE OF DEATH February 27, 1909
Place of death Dresden