Dominion Kirchheim and Stauf

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The lordship of Kirchheim and Stauf , alternatively also known as the lordship of Kirchheim-Bolanden and Stauf , was a historical territory in Rhineland-Palatinate , in Wormsgau am Donnersberg . It consisted of the formerly independent lords of Kirchheim and Stauf . In 1388 the rule was united under Heinrich II von Sponheim-Bolanden-Dannenfels and came to the House of Nassau through his granddaughter Anna von Hohenlohe-Weickersheim when he married Philip I of Nassau-Saarbrücken . Until 1793 the rule remained with various lines of the House of Nassau; most recently at Nassau-Weilburg.

geography

Towards the end of the 18th century, the rule of Kirchheim and Stauf comprised:

  • the complete Oberamt Kirchheim with:

Kirchheimbolanden , Albisheim , Bennhausen , Bischheim , Bolanden , Breunigweiler , Dannenfels , Dreisen , Eisenberg , Göllheim , Kerzenheim , Marnheim , Morschheim , Oberwiesen , Orbis , Ramsen , Rittersheim , Rosenthal , Rüssingen , Sippersfeld , Stauf , Steinbach (1/4) and Weitersweiler (1/3); such as

  • the Alsenz office with:

Alsenz, Niederhausen , Winterborn , Rohrbach (half)

history

Dominion Kirchheim

The main property of the rule was around the Donnersberg, other fiefs were in the Speyer, Worms, Rhein, Nahe and Moselgau and the Wetterau.

The following localities belonged to Kirchheim:

Kirchheimbolanden , Albisheim (before 1613 partially, then completely), Bennhausen , Bischheim , Bolanden , Dannenfels , Dreisen , Marnheim , Morschheim , Oberwiesen , Orbis , Rittersheim and Rüssingen

The lords of Bolanden laid the foundation stone ; first mentioned with Werner von Bolanden at the beginning of the 12th century. Ancestral seat was Alt-Bolanden , near today's Bolanderhof ; later new Bolanden at Bolanden . In the area of ​​the Bolanden rule, several side lines formed on the Donnersberg through the division of inheritance. Including the dominions of Kirchheim (originated from the Dannenfels dominion) as the main heiress of the Bolander property, Falkenstein (with Philipp I von Falkenstein, son of Werner III.) And Hohenfels (with Philipp I von Hohenfels, son of Werner I). In 1386 the aristocratic family died out in the male line with Konrad, son of Otto I and grandson Werner V.

  • 1268 division of property between the brothers Werner V. and Philipp von Bolanden. Bolanden and Kirchheim remain excluded from the division and continue to be governed jointly.
  • In 1288 Johann von Bolanden, the only son of Philip von Bolanden, dies. The property falls to his sister Kunigunde, who is married to Heinrich I von Sponheim-Kreuznach.
  • Foundation stone for the rule Sponheim-Bolanden-Dannenfels
  • the descendants of Werner V gradually sell their possessions; the Bolanden office comes to the Electoral Palatinate, Kirchheim almost entirely to Spohnheim-Bolanden-Dannenfels.
  • Via Anna, a great-granddaughter of Werner V, the remnants of the old Bolandic property came to the Raugrafen when she married Philipp von Neu-Baumberg .

Reign of Stauf

The center of the Stauf rule was about ten kilometers south of the Donnersberg and was directly adjacent to the Kirchheim rule. The seat of the Lords of Stauf was Stauf Castle in the Eistal , first mentioned in 1012 as "castellum Stoufenburc". The village of the same name later developed around the castle, near Eisenberg .

The following localities belonged to the Stauf rule:

Stauf , Breunigweiler , Eisenberg , Göllheim , Kerzenheim , with Rosenthal and Kerzweiler, Ramsen , Sippersfeld with the Pfrimmerhof , as well as the Rhine villages: Bobenheim , Hochheim , Horchheim , Leiselheim , Mörsch , Pfiffligheim , Roxheim , Weinsheim and Wiesoppenheim

The first, with certainty, proven resident of Stauf Castle was Duke Konrad I of Carinthia from the Salier family . Between 1150 and 1263 Stauf belonged to Eberhard III. and Eberhard IV. the Count of Eberstein . After their extinction in the male line with the death of Eberhard IV in 1263, the legacy passed to his daughter Agnes, who was married to Heinrich II von Zweibrücken . Heinrich II incorporated the Eberstein heritage (mainly Stauf) on the left bank of the Rhine , while his son Simon took over the holdings on the right bank of the Rhine (the Eberstein county ). The younger sons of Heinrich II, Walram I and Eberhard, initially divided the government until 1286 there was a separation into two lines: Zweibrücken (Walram I) and Zweibrücken-Bitsch (Eberhard). The rule of Stauf remained with Walram I and thus with Zweibrücken. The last male descendant of Walram I, his great-grandson Count Eberhard von Zweibrücken , finally sold the Stauf estate in three steps in 1378, 1383 and 1388 to Heinrich II von Sponheim-Bolanden-Dannenfels .

  • Coat of arms of the Counts of Eberstein, Scheibler's Wappenbuch 1450–1480

  • Coat of arms of the Counts of Zweibrücken (-Zweibrücken)

Association under Heinrich II von Sponheim-Bolanden-Dannenfels

Family coat of arms Sponheim-Kreuznach and Sponheim-Bolanden

In the course of 100 years between 1288 and 1388, the Counts of Sponheim-Dannenfels had acquired a large part of the Bolanden rule and the Raugräflichen estates, as well as the entire Stauf rule from 1378 to 1388 under Heinrich II. Von Sponheim-Dannenfels . From then on the combined possessions were called Herrschaft Kirchheim and Stauf . After the death of Heinrich II. Von Sponheim-Dannenfels the rule fell in 1393 through his daughter Elisabeth, married to Kraft von Hohenlohe-Weikersheim , to their only daughter Anna and her husband Philipp I von Nassau-Saarbrücken . Philip's sons shared their father's inheritance and thus formed the Nassau-Saarbrücken and Nassau-Weilburg lines ; Kirchheim and Stauf remained under joint control. In 1574, the Saarbrücken line of the Nassauer died out, with the consequence that their lands fell to Weilburg. In spite of further divisions, the main part - partly by inheritance, partly by purchase or exchange - of the Kirchheim and Stauf dominions remained near Nassau-Weilburg until the end of the 18th century.

Wappenstein at the old town hall of Kirchheimbolanden

Belonging to the Nassau family is clearly evident in Kirchheimbolanden on the facade of the old town hall. There is a stone relief with the double coat of arms of Nassau-Saarbrücken.

Development after 1700

Originally the three Reformed communities Bolanden, Dreisen and Marnheim, as well as the third of Weitersweiler from the Bolanden office belonged to the Electoral Palatinate . In 1706 these were exchanged for the Rhine villages , which came from the old possessions of the Stauf rule, in order to obtain a closed territory.

Late baroque heyday and decline

Kirchheimbolanden provided the administrative center for the Nassau-Weilburg rulers on site. At the beginning of the 17th century they built a castle outside the city wall. In 1737, Carl August von Nassau-Weilburg moved his residence from Weilburg to Kirchheimbolanden, helping the medieval town to flourish in the Baroque style. Between 1738 and 1740 he had the old castle replaced by a new building. In addition to the baroque palace garden, the new complex also included an orangery and a ballroom. The castle church, today Paulskirche , was built between 1739 and 1744. In addition to the new buildings for the ruling family, a number of gentlemen's houses for the court were also built .

  • lock

  • Orangery (state 2017)

  • Castle Church

  • Castle Church (interior view)

  • Cavalier House

The son Carl August Carl Christian and his grandson Friedrich Wilhelm also resided here. In 1793 Friedrich Wilhelm fled because of the French Revolution from Kirchheimbolanden, which was close to France and therefore unsafe. With this escape, not only did the Nassau rule over the rule of Kirchheim and Stauf end, the entire historical territory was destroyed in the ensuing wars. First occupied by France, the area was annexed after 1797 and merged into the newly created Donnersberg department in 1798 .

  • Carl August von Nassau-Weilburg

  • Karl Christian of Nassau-Weilburg

  • Friedrich Wilhelm of Nassau-Weilburg

literature

  • M. Hoffmann: Die Verbandsgemeinde Göllheim - A cultural and historical travel guide , Göllheim 1997
  • A. Köllner: History of the lordship of Kirchheim-Boland and Stauf: edited from JM Kremer's and J. Andreä's manuscripts, reliable documents and other aids , Wiesbaden 1854

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Michael Frey: Attempt of a geographical-historical-statistical description of the court = district of Kaiserslautern in the royal. bayer. Rhine districts, Speyer, 1837
  2. ^ A. Köllner: History of the rule Kirchheim-Boland and Stauf: edited from JM Kremer's and J. Andreä's manuscripts, reliable documents and other aids, Wiesbaden, 1854
  3. ↑ [Website of the historical association Rosenthal, http://www.hist-verein-rosenthal.de/10Stauf-n.htm ]
  4. ^ Karl Scherer (Ed.): Göllheim - Contributor to Local History I , 2006