Astronomical object

An astronomical object (also celestial object or special celestial body ) is an object in space that is studied by astronomy and astrophysics .

consistency

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The consistency of the objects is predominant

• gaseous - stars of various kinds, star shells, gas planets, gas nebulae, interstellar matter and molecular clouds, halos, ...
• liquid - the interior of large gas planets
• solid - rocky planets, moons, asteroids, comets, meteoroids, ...
• dusty - dark clouds, planetary rings, interplanetary dust
• composite systems - star clusters, galaxies, galaxy clusters
• Empty spaces - voids between the galaxy clusters
• unexplained - e.g. B. Black holes, dark matter.

Heavenly bodies

Observation in the solar system	Observation outside the solar system
	Single objects	Systems	Structures
Sun Planets Rocky planets Mercury Venus earth Mars Gas planets Jupiter Saturn Uranus Neptune Dwarf planets Ceres Pluto Haumea Eris Makemake Small body Comets Asteroids Meteoroids Moons Planetary rings Kuiper Belt / Trans-Neptunian Objects Quaoar Sedna Oort cloud	Interstellar objects Exoplanets Planemos / Sub-Brown Dwarfs Brown dwarfs Stars Main sequence stars Yellow dwarfs Red dwarfs cool sub-dwarfs Giant stars Red giants Blue giants Red supergiants Hypergiant Compact stars White dwarfs Neutron stars Pulsars Magnetars Variable stars Coverage variable Pulsation variable Eruptive mutable Novae Dwarf novae Supernovae Black holes	Planetary systems Double stars / multiple stars Star clusters Halo Galaxies Quasars Galaxy clusters Super pile	Interstellar medium Interstellar ice Interstellar dust Intergalactic medium fog Emission nebula H-II areas Planetary nebula Reflection fog Dark clouds (dark fog) Molecular clouds Globules Filaments and voids Large Quasar Groups

Cosmological objects

These are objects of cosmology , such as the basic structures of the universe ( filaments and voids ) and - so far - hypothetical or not yet sufficiently clarified in their nature objects, such as black holes or dark matter .

See also : Big Bang  and String Theory

Classification according to distance

An orientation of individual areas of astronomy:

Objects close to the earth :

• Atmospheric objects : up to the exosphere (500 and 1000 km)
  • Meteors (shooting stars and fireballs), meteorites , low-earth orbit satellites
• Earth orbital objects : approximately up to the distance of a geostationary orbit (approx. 36,000 km)
  • higher earth satellites , orbital missions
• Objects close to the earth : up to the lunar orbit (around 400,000 km) or - according to another point of view - up to the inner Lagrangian point (i.e. primarily subject to gravity: approx. 1.5 million km from the earth)
  • Earth moon , space missions of lunar research, earth orbit cruisers

Solar objects :

• Objects of the inner solar system : up to the asteroid belt (about 450 million km = 3  AU )
  • Sun , inner planets and their moons , near-Earth asteroids : Cupid type , Apollo type and Aten type , Arjuna asteroids , Mars Trojans
• The asteroid belt as the boundary between the inner and outer solar system, the dwarf planet Ceres
• Outer solar system : 7.5 billion km = 50 AU
  • Outer planets and their moons , Jupiter and Neptune Trojans
  • short-period comets
  • Trans-Neptunian objects ( Kuiper belt objects ) outside the orbit of Neptune (30–50 AU): The Kuiper belt with Pluto and Eris ( dwarf planets ) as main representatives,
• Peripheral areas of the solar system : objects far from the sun up to the heliopause , about 100,000 AU = 1.5  light years
  • The Oort cloud
• Long-period comets and aperiodic comets with hyperbolic or parabolic orbits that cross the solar system extensively.

Extrasolar objects : objects outside the boundaries of the solar system ( deep sky objects).

• Galactic Neighborhood Objects :
  • Interstellar objects (not gravitationally bound to a star)
  • Nearby stars (around 15 ly)
  • The local bubble (around 300 ly)
  • distant stars, open star clusters , gas nebulae
  • Halo of globular clusters , surrounding dark matter
• Galactic objects : an area of ​​100,000 ly (30  kpc )
  • The Milky Way and its direct companions, especially the Large and Small Magellanic Clouds
• Extragalactic Objects:
  • Local group ( Andromeda nebula , M33 and accompanying dwarf galaxies )
  • Virgo Supercluster (about 100 galaxy clusters , about 200 million light years in diameter), Great Wall
  • Distant galaxy clusters, quasars
  • Filaments and Voids (the largest currently known structures in the universe )

Position diagram of astronomical objects

and display information about the image

Map of the observable universe with the astronomical objects known today. Celestial bodies appear enlarged to reveal their shape.

Web links

Commons : Astronomical Objects  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Wiktionary: Celestial bodies  - explanations of meanings, word origins, synonyms, translations