Inner Sudetian Depression

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View from the Great Heuscheuer (Szczeliniec Wielki) to the Braunauer Walls (Broumovské stěny)
Landscape of the Inner Sudetian Depression with the Warthagebirge (Góry Bardzkie) near Wojbórz

The Innersudetische sink , even Innersudetisches Basin ( Czech vnitrosudetská pánev , Polish : Niecka śródsudecka or depresja śródsudecka ) is a syncline within the Sudeten mountain range in the area of running there Czech - Polish border area. It belongs to the West Sudetic Zone of the Bohemian Massif .

According to geographical classification, this geological structural unit is located in the area of ​​the Central Sudetes .

location

The Inner Sudetian Depression is elongated and oval in shape at its northern end. Its main axis follows the north-west-south-east direction of the Sudetic mountain range. In the northwest it begins on Polish territory at Stare Bogaczowice , extends over the Waldenburger Bergland to the Czech Republic to the Adršpach-Weckelsdorf rock town and the Braunauer walls . There it continues on Polish territory with the adjoining Heuscheuergebirge in the southern part of the Glatzer Land including the Glatzer Kessel to the western edge of the Glatzer Schneegebirge . Your southeastern completion lies with the north-south direction trending zones of Orlicko-Sněžnické- Kristallinikums . Most of them are in Poland.

In lithofacial contexts, the extent of the Inner Sudetic Depression is largely defined by its Upper Paleozoic sedimentary rock, beginning in the Tournaisium , a predominantly limnic period. The flattening subsidence area continues on Czech territory and can be traced from a morphological point of view as an elongated tip shape to Štíty . The cover here is formed by sediments of the Upper Cretaceous, which historically are assigned to the Bohemian Chalk Basin.

In the north it is bounded by the western Sudetian Crystalline from the Giant Mountains and Rehorn Mountains , in the northeast by the Old Paleozoic Owl Mountains , in the east by the Glatzer Schneegebirge and in the west by the Heuscheuergebirge. The boundary on the long southwest flank begins with the Podkrkonošska Depression (Trutnov- Náchod Depression) and connects to the Habelschwerdter and Adlergebirge .

In the area of ​​the Inner Sudetian Basin there are numerous cities such as Wałbrzych (Waldenburg), Broumov (Braunau), Nowa Ruda (Neurode), Kłodzko (Glatz), Bystrzyca Kłodzka (Habelschwerdt) and the health resorts Duszniki-Zdrój and Polanica-Zdrój (Bad Reinerzój) Bad Altheide).

Geomorphology and geology

Wekelsdorfer Felsenstadt (sandstone)
Rocks in the area of ​​the hay barn

The landscape of the Inner Sudetian Depression is characterized by basin-shaped lowlands and mountain landscapes with some bizarre rocky areas. Due to their mighty ashlar sandstone complexes, these have a sensitive ecological but also attractive tourist potential. Almost all the peripheral zones of the Inner Sudetian Depression come into contact with crystalline basement massifs .

The Inner Sudetian Depression is a result of the Variscan mountain formation . In the course of this, this syncline structure was formed.

The geological structure of the depression is largely determined by sedimentary rocks, some of which are several thousand meters thick. They form a sequence of sediments from sections of the Carboniferous , Permian , Triassic , Cretaceous and Quaternary periods . The oldest deposits of sandstones , claystones and conglomerates are interspersed with permocarbonic volcanites . These are mainly ignimbrites , rhyolite tuffs , melaphyre and rhyolitic rocks. Dike rocks also appear in the form of gabbros and diabase , the latter partly serpentinized .

The above-mentioned conglomerate rock layers contain scree from black silica slate , light quartz , granites , gneisses , rhyolite rocks, mica slate , limestone and clay stones, and occasionally malachite . The Habelschwerdter , Reichensteiner and Warthaer mountains are primarily considered the areas of origin of these components

The economically significant deposits include carbon seams near Wałbrzych and Žacléř .

The main part of visible rock units are Triassic arkose sandstones and Cretaceous rocks, predominantly sandstones of the Cenomanian and Turonian in the form of conspicuously jagged plateaus, labyrinths and other erosion objects. In the southeastern foothills of the depression, sandstones, siltstones and claystones from the geological period between the upper Turonian and Santonian (Upper Cretaceous) occur. The geomorphologically defining Cretaceous and younger deposits are assigned to the Bohemian Chalk Basin in terms of their formation, although they cover the Upper Paleozoic sediments in the area of ​​the Inner Sudetian Depression. For this reason, from a lithofacial point of view , all deposits since the Cretaceous period do not actually belong to the Inner Sudetian Depression, although they visibly determine the landscapes of their region. This distinction is explained by the limnic and marine sedimentation sequence on the one hand .

The lithostratigraphic structure of the Inner Sudetic Depression consists of the following sections (from old to young):

Žacléř formation
Odolov formation
Chvaleč formation
Broumov formation
Trutnov formation
Bohuslavice formation
Bohdašín formation
Bohdašín formation

Hydrogeology

Due to the extensive sandstone deposits, the Inner Sudetian Basin has a considerable retention capacity for groundwater. Almost the entire amount of surface water flows into the Baltic Sea via the Oder catchment area . The main drainage is via the Glatzer Neisse with its tributaries such as the Stěnava / Ścinawka and the Bystrzyca Świdnicka .

literature

  • Ivo Chlupáč and others: Geologická minulost České Republiky . Praha (Academia) 2002, ISBN 80-200-0914-0 , pp. 187-188, 228-231, 266.
  • Stanislaw Čech, Elżbieta Gawlikowska: Adršpašsko-Teplické skály. Geologická mapa pro turisty 1:50 000 . Państwowy Instytut Geologiczny, Český geologický ústav, Warszawa, Praha 2000, ISBN 80-7075-344-7 .
  • J. Svoboda (ed.) And others: Geologická mapa ČR, List Náchod, 1: 200 000 . Český geologický ústav, Kolín 1996, ISBN 80-7075-211-4 .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Chlupáč: Geologická , 2002, pp. 187–188, 208.
  2. ↑ Stanisław Sokołowski (Ed.) Et al: Geology of Poland. Vol. I. Stratigraphy, Part 1 Pre-Cambrian and Palaeozic . Warsaw 1970, p. 391.
  3. ↑ Stanisław Sokołowski (Ed.) Et al: Geology of Poland. Vol. I., Part 1, 1970, pp. 391, 512-513.
  4. ↑ Chlupáč: Geologická , 2002, p. 187.
  5. ↑ E. Dathe: Explanations on the geological map of Prussia and neighboring states. Delivery 115, sheet Wünschelburg . Berlin 1904, pp. 5, 87-88.
  6. ↑ E. Dathe: Explanations on the geological map of Prussia and neighboring states. Delivery 115, sheet Neurode . Berlin 1904, pp. 9-10.
  7. ↑ G. Berg: Explanations on the geological map of Prussia and neighboring states. Delivery 145, sheet Schömberg . Berlin 1909, pp. 18-19.
  8. ↑ Chlupáč: Geologická , 2002, p. 174.

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