İzmit

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İzmit
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İzmit (Turkey)
Red pog.svg
Fevziye mosque & minaret * © Abdullah Kiyga - panoramio.jpg
Fevziye mosque
Basic data
Province (il) : Kocaeli
Coordinates : 40 ° 46 '  N , 29 ° 57'  E Coordinates: 40 ° 45 '50 "  N , 29 ° 56' 30"  E
Residents : 294,875 (2010)
Telephone code : (+90) 262
Postal code : 41 xxx
License plate : 41
Structure and administration (as of 2019)
Mayor : Fatma Kaplan Hürriyet ( CHP )
Website:
İzmit County
Residents : 315,734 (2010)
Surface: 1,045 km²
Population density : 302 inhabitants per km²
Kaymakam : Sabit Kaya
Website (Kaymakam):
Template: Infobox location in Turkey / maintenance / district

İzmit (the ancient Nicomedia ), often incorrectly called just Kocaeli , is a Turkish city in the Kocaeli province . According to the 2010 census, it had 294,875 inhabitants, is located on the Sea of ​​Marmara and is surrounded by high mountains. İzmit is the administrative center of Kocaeli Province , where around 1.4 million people live. The districts include Saraybahçe and Bekirpaşa. Today İzmit is an important and up-and-coming industrial center on the eastern edge of the metropolis of Istanbul .

history

The city was named Nicomedeia by the Bithynian king Nicomedes I in 264 BC. Founded as the capital of Bithynia. 74 BC After the death of King Nicomedes IV it came to the Roman Empire in a will .

183 BC Chr. Committed Hannibal in today's Gebze near Nicomedia suicide .

Pliny the Younger was temporarily governor of Bithynia with his seat in Nicomedia. Pliny is known for the collection of his letters to the Roman emperor Traian, which has survived to this day and which are also an important source for the early history of Christianity and its persecution in the Roman Empire.

Emperor Diocletian , made emperor near the city in 284, made Nicomedia his residence. From Nicomedia he organized the most extensive persecution of Christians in the Roman Empire. On April 30, 311, the Edict of Tolerance of Emperor Galerius was published in Nicomedia , which made Christianity a permitted religion. Constantine the Great died in Achyron (a), a suburb of Nicomedia, in 337.

The St. Barbara (martyr) to have lived in the 3rd century in Nicomedia, as is the Holy Juliana of Nicomedia . In 1075 Suleyman , son of Kutalmiş, captured Nicomedia. It belonged to the Rum Seljuks for a short time until it was returned to Byzantium in 1085 . In 1338 Nicomedeia was taken by the Ottomans .

On January 2, 1879, the British warship Thunder exploded in the Bay of Izmit. There were nine dead.

The writer and politician Ali Kemâl Bey , great-grandfather of the British politician Boris Johnson , was slain by a mob in İzmit on November 6, 1922 at the behest of Nureddin Pasha. He was buried nearby without a tombstone.

According to official figures, around 18,000 people were killed and around 44,000 were injured in a devastating earthquake on August 17, 1999 , when the epicenter was in İzmit. The cause of the quake was pent-up tension on a section of the North Anatolian Fault , which separates the Anatolian plate from the Eurasian plate .

Attractions

Gulf of Izmit at night.
  • Av Köşkü: a two-story baroque- style building that Sultan Abdülaziz used as a hunting lodge. It is located right next to the famous İzmit clock tower. In 1967 it was converted into a museum displaying Hellenistic, Roman and Byzantine tombstones, clothing, statues, busts, writings and Abdülaziz's personal items.
  • İzmit Kalesi: the castle is located on a hill north of İzmit. The walls and the interior of the fort date from the Roman era.
  • Nymphaion: This fountain was built by the Romans in the 2nd century and is dedicated to the nymphs .
  • The former paper mill SEKA , founded in 1936 and closed in 2005, was the first large-scale industrial plant in Turkey. It is currently being converted into an industrial museum.

Climate table

Izmit
Climate diagram
J F. M. A. M. J J A. S. O N D.
 
 
97
 
10
3
 
 
80
 
10
3
 
 
74
 
13
5
 
 
55
 
18th
9
 
 
45
 
23
13
 
 
51
 
28
17th
 
 
46
 
30th
19th
 
 
43
 
30th
20th
 
 
50
 
26th
16
 
 
97
 
21st
13
 
 
90
 
16
8th
 
 
104
 
12
6th
Temperature in ° C ,  precipitation in mm
Source: State Meteorological Office of the Turkish Republic, normal period 1981-2010
Average monthly temperatures and rainfall for Izmit
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Max. Temperature ( ° C ) 9.8 10.4 13.1 18.4 23.2 27.6 29.5 29.7 26.0 20.8 15.6 11.6 O 19.7
Min. Temperature (° C) 3.4 3.2 4.9 8.8 12.9 17.0 19.3 19.6 16.2 12.7 8.2 5.5 O 11
Temperature (° C) 6.3 6.5 8.5 13.1 17.5 21.9 23.9 23.9 20.4 16.1 11.4 8.3 O 14.9
Precipitation ( mm ) 96.5 79.9 73.6 55.4 44.9 50.9 46.2 42.9 50.0 96.6 90.4 103.7 Σ 831
Hours of sunshine ( h / d ) 2.2 2.7 3.8 5.1 6.6 8.2 8.4 8.1 6.5 4.4 3.1 2.2 O 5.1
Rainy days ( d ) 17.3 15.9 13.8 11.7 9.5 9.0 6.2 5.2 7.4 13.0 13.7 17.3 Σ 140
T
e
m
p
e
r
a
t
u
r
9.8
3.4
10.4
3.2
13.1
4.9
18.4
8.8
23.2
12.9
27.6
17.0
29.5
19.3
29.7
19.6
26.0
16.2
20.8
12.7
15.6
8.2
11.6
5.5
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
N
i
e
d
e
r
s
c
h
l
a
g 		96.5
79.9
73.6
55.4
44.9
50.9
46.2
42.9
50.0
96.6
90.4
103.7
  Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

education

The Kocaeli Üniversitesi is located in İzmit with a total of over 45,000 students. Until the genocide of the Armenians , the theological seminary existed here in the former monastery of Armash .

traffic

İzmit is located south of the O-4 highway . The city is connected to the air traffic through the İzmit Airport . There is only one flight connection to Trabzon . In addition, the city is located on the route of the Anatolian Railway , which like a tram, but on a separate track bed, crosses the town in a hurry in the middle of a busy shopping street.

On June 17, 2017, a new light rail went into public service.

Twin cities

German sister city of Izmit is Kassel . Izmit has eight twin cities:

Personalities

Historic time

People of the modern age

literature

  • Nezih Fıratlı: İzmit: Tarihi ve Eski Eserleri Rehberi . Istanbul 1959
  • Nezih Fıratlı: İzmit Şehri ve Eski Eserleri Rehberi . Istanbul 1971
  • Nezih Fıratlı: Izmit (Nicomédie): petit guide; son histoire et ses monuments . Istanbul 1964
  • Clive Foss: Survey of medieval castles of Anatolia, Vol. 2: Nicomedia . Oxford 1996. ISBN 1-898249-07-5
  • Meryem Hayir: Settlement and industrial development on the Gulf of Izmit and its location problems: the city of Izmit and its industry (location, settlement and environmental problems) . Mannheim, Univ., Diss., 2002

Web links

Commons : İzmit  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Turkish Institute for Statistics ( Memento from December 5, 2012 in the web archive archive.today ), accessed June 7, 2011
  2. ^ Turkish Institute for Statistics ( Memento from December 5, 2012 in the web archive archive.today ), accessed June 7, 2011
  3. ↑ See Steven Runciman: History of the Crusades. Cambridge University Press, 1978, p. 76.
  4. ^ Railway romance , episode 111: " The Baghdad Railway " [sic!], From minute 2:36 to minute 3:30