Jakob Albrecht von Sienen (the younger)

Jakob Albrecht von Sienen (born June 25, 1768 in Ritzebüttel Castle ; † January 17, 1837 in Hamburg ) was a German lawyer and civil servant.

Life

Jacob Albright of Yor was the son of a civil servant Jacob Albrecht of Yor (born March 30, 1724 in Hamburg, August 22, 1800 ibid) and later Hamburg mayor and his wife Paulina Conradine (born June 15, 1748 Hamburg, † December 23 1827 ibid), b. Steckelmann, born. After the family moved to Hamburg, von Sienen initially received lessons from private tutors . He later attended the St. Michaelis School and then the Johanneum , where he went to the academic high school in 1787 under the rectorate of Johann Georg Büsch ; his teachers there were professors Johann Georg Büsch (mathematics), Johann Heinrich Vincent Nölting (logic, methyphysics and eloquence) and Christoph Daniel Ebeling (history as well as civil and public law).

On April 16, 1789, he began to study law at the University of Jena and attended lectures by Johann Ludwig von Eckardt , Johann Ludwig Schmidt , Andreas Joseph Schnaubert and Justus Christian Loder . In 1791 he went to the University of Göttingen and was accepted by Johann Christoph Gatterer . With Georg Ludwig Böhmer he received his doctorate in both rights in September of the same year ; his disputation dealt with the subject of lex. VII. Codic. de fide instrumentorum . After his return to Hamburg he was accepted as a lawyer.

Together with his brother Johannes von Sienen, he took part in the Emperor's coronation ceremony of Franz II in Cologne on July 14, 1792 , and after his return in 1794 at the age of 26, he was unanimously succeeded Nikolaus Matsen (1739–1794) in Hamburg Senate Syndicate elected. At that time, his father had been mayor of Hamburg since 1781.

In 1800 the English, who were at war with the European naval powers, captured the Danish frigate Freya and the Prussian merchant ship Triton near Amsterdam and wanted to transfer them to England, but then had to call at Cuxhaven, which at that time belonged to the Hamburg republic, due to bad weather. At the time, the Danes asked the Russian Tsar Paul I for help, who at the time had entered into an alliance with Napoleon Bonaparte . Together with Prussia and Sweden , an attempt was now made to form an alliance against England, so that the Prussians took Cuxhaven under their protection against the House of Hanover ruled from England . Von Sienen was commissioned to negotiate with the Prussian King Friedrich Wilhelm III. to free Cuxhaven from the Prussian occupation; He succeeded in doing this on September 14, 1800. In the meantime, however, the Danes, under the influence of the Tsar, had occupied Hamburg in order to confiscate the English ships in the harbor, so that von Sienen had to negotiate with the Danes to maintain Hamburg's neutrality . In the meantime Paul I had been strangled on the night of March 24, 1801 by a nobleman who had conspired against him and his son Alexander I had succeeded him. This brought about an agreement with Denmark, so that the Danes withdrew from Hamburg. However, this meant that Prussia again took Cuxhaven under protection against the French, so that von Sienen entered into negotiations with the highest advisor of the Prussian king, Count Christian von Haugwitz , with whom he then reached an agreement that Cuxhaven on 1 November 1801 was finally liberated.

The affairs of the cathedral church of Hamburg Cathedral led him to another embassy . In the past they had created significant wealth, owned estates and public fields, from the proceeds of which they maintained their clergy and vicarious clergy. All their rights and privileges were transferred to Swedish princes through the Peace of Westphalia and then came under the rule of the Danes and were now part of the Electorate of Hanover . The Hamburgers wanted to abolish this community. Negotiations on this had been going on for a long time with the Princely House of Hanover, until a meeting of envoys from all of Germany in Regensburg resolved to dissolve and abolish the Cathedral College, whereby the rights of the Elector of Hanover ceased to exist through the decree of the estates of the German Empire ( Reichsdeputationshauptschluss ), which Hamburg was confirmed by a public document dated December 1, 1802. Thereupon von Sienen was seconded to Hanover in order to negotiate the details of the implementation of this imperial resolution and the compensation for the lost rights. The negotiations were successful, so that all rights that the Elector of Hanover had in this particular community were transferred to the city of Hamburg. After that, however, another agreement with the King of Denmark, Christian VII , was necessary because he reserved all the Duke of Holstein's rights to the cathedral and now wanted to be compensated by the city. Von Sienen also conducted these negotiations successfully, so that the Danish king not only ceded all rights and privileges to the cathedral to the city, but also the property of the town of Alsterdorf . However, all taxes that had flowed to the cathedral from Holstein, the fields of Spitzerdorf , Poppenbüttel , the villages of Bilsen and Hoisbüttel and some fields of the St. Johannis monastery in that area had to be left to the King of the Danes. These concessions had the advantage that the city could also freely dispose of the cathedral and its property, which was within its borders. The agreement was approved and accepted in the assembly of the Senate and the Citizens, chaired by Mayor Friedrich von Graffen and Senior Altar Marx Grave (1725-1808). Negotiations with the canons and everyone whose livelihood had previously been made from the income of the cathedral were also successful and were accepted by the Senate, chaired by Mayor Friederich von Graffen, by the citizens, chaired by Senior Citizen Marx Grave on February 9, 1804 and signed by von Sienen and the Senator Johann Daniel Klefeker (1733-1806) on March 1, 1804 in the name of the Republic.

In November 1803 von Sienen was seconded to Kiel to meet the Danish King Friederich VI. to congratulate on taking over the rule from his father Christian VII, who died shortly before.

Since 1808, taxes and public charges have also been under the supervision of the Senate Syndicate of Sienen. He discussed their amount and increases with the Senate and the administrators of the state treasury and ensured that the tax burden was justified and distributed among all citizens.

On August 11 and 12, 1808, he met the King of Westphalia appointed by Napoleon , Jérôme Bonaparte , who was in Harburg near Hamburg during a trip . Von Sienen explained to him the concerns and needs of the people of Hamburg in order to win him over as patron of his brother Napoleon Bonaparte. However, he did not achieve the repeal of the resolution to repeal the freedom of Hamburg, just as little as the proto-syndic Hermann Doormann , who represented Hamburg in Paris as envoy . On December 14, 1810, the free city, together with the two other Hanseatic cities under the new administrative district, Département des Bouches de l'Elbe, became part of the French Empire . The French, who valued his cleverness, the dexterity of his speech and his precise knowledge of the situation in Hamburg, tried more often to give him important tasks, although he did not want to hold any public office among the French. When Count François Louis René Mouchard de Chaban wanted to transfer the position of the highest administrator over the department of the Elbe and Weser estuaries to him, he agreed so that he could still use Hamburg.

After the victory of the German and Russian armies over Napoleon Bonaparte, the French troops withdrew from Hamburg in 1814, and the old freedom was restored, so that von Sienen returned to his old office of Senate Syndicate.

He drew up rules for the ambassadors at foreign courts, was in constant written contact with them and reported on them to the Senate on an ongoing basis. In this context, a number of trade agreements were concluded with foreign powers.

In 1814, a special committee, the Debtor Administration Deputation, was formed for the administration of the publicly agreed and borrowed debts, which was placed under his leadership until 1828. He achieved that within ten years the republic could redeem everything that the creditors were entitled to in terms of interest.

In 1819 the assembly of the princes in Carlsbad decided , among other things, to set up a committee to monitor newspapers and literature, the Censorship Commission , for each country. Von Sienen was one of three censors charged with censoring the political papers of the Hamburg Free State; the censorship in police matters was carried out by a policeman and the fiction works were censored by a philosopher.

On March 4, 1820, in place of the late Hermann Doormann, he took over the duties of protosyndicus with the patronage of the various teachers of the Christian religion in Hamburg.

From 1824 to June 1832 he headed the Committee for the Safety of Shipping and the Port, the Ship and Port Deputation. At the same time he held the first position in the committee for the administration of Bergedorf , which was carried out jointly with Lübeck .

In 1828 the division of labor between the Syndici was reorganized and everything relating to the administration of the state treasury was transferred to the younger Syndicus Wilhelm Amsinck ; this made work easier for von Sienen.

On December 12, 1820, Jakob Albrecht von Sienen married Elisabeth (* August 25, 1794 in Hamburg; † March 23, 1877 ibid), a daughter of Paul Amsinck (1758–1808); they had a daughter together:

• Pauline Louisa Wilhelmina von Sienen (born January 20, 1822 in Hamburg; † 1902), married to Cipriano Francisco Gaedechens .

Works

• Russian official reports from the years 1812 & 1813. Hamburg 1812–1813.
• Otto Carsten Krabbe ; Jacob Albrecht von Sienen; Johann August Meißner: Memoriam Jacobi Albrechti de Sienen juris utriusque doctoris, magnifici nuper protosyndici civitatis Hamburgensis, civibus ex publica auctoritate commendat Otto Krabbe ( translation from Latin ). Hamburgi Meissnerus 1838.

Individual evidence

1. ^ New Nekrolog der Deutschen, Volume 15, 1837, Part 1, pp. 123–124 . BF Voigt., 1839 ( google.de [accessed on January 31, 2018]).
2. ^ History of Germany, p. 239 . Doll, 1822 ( google.de [accessed July 17, 2018]).
3. ^ Martin Krieger, Steen Bo Frandsen, Frank Lubowitz: 1200 years of the German-Danish border: aspects of a neighborhood . Wachholtz Verlag, 2013, ISBN 978-3-529-09205-3 ( google.de [accessed on July 17, 2018]).
4. ↑ Friedrich Georg Buek: The Hamburg upper elders, their civil activity and their families, p. 289 . Perthes-Besser, 1857 ( google.de [accessed July 17, 2018]).
5. ↑ Augsburger Postzeitung: 1842, [1] . Haas & Grabherr, 1842 ( google.de [accessed on July 16, 2018]).
6. ↑ Friedrich Georg Buek: The Hamburg upper elders, their civil activity and their families, p. 158 . Perthes-Besser, 1857 ( google.de [accessed on July 16, 2018]).
7. ↑ Bärbel Ehrmann-Köpke: “Demonstrative Idleness” or “Restless Activity” ?, p. 232 . Waxmann Verlag, ISBN 978-3-8309-7368-3 ( google.de [accessed on July 16, 2018]).