Jemappes department

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Map of the departments in today's Benelux region

The de Jemappes department (also Jemmape ; German  department of Jemmapes , Dutch Departement van Jemmapes ) was a 1795 to 1814 the French state belonging department in the area of today's Belgian province of Hainaut . It was named after the site of the Battle of Jemappes .

history

The area of ​​the department belonged to different territories before 1790 , mainly these were: the largest part of the county of Hainaut with the landscape around Tournai , then smaller parts of the county of Namur and the Duchy of Brabant (all last part of the Austrian Netherlands ) as well as part of the Principality of Liège . In 1790 the United Belgian States was temporarily established in the area . As a result, several battles between French and Austrians in the region broke out during the first French Revolutionary War . One of these hostilities was the Battle of Jemappes in November 1792 , as a result of which the Austrian Netherlands came completely under French control.

On the 9th Vendémiaire of the year IV of the Republic (October 1, 1795), the area was united with France on the basis of the "Law on the Unification of Belgium and the Liège Land with the Republic", which was achieved by the Treaties of Campo Formio (October 1797 ) and Lunéville (February 1801) was confirmed under international law . The area was divided into nine departments in accordance with the administrative structure newly introduced in France , which were subdivided into arrondissements , cantons and communes. The cantons were also district courts of justice .

After Napoleon's defeat in the Battle of Leipzig (October 1813), in the First Peace of Paris (May 1814), the borders between Belgium and France were restored to the status of January 1, 1792. With regard to the department of Jemmapes, the cantons of Dour, Merbes-le-Château, Beaumont and Chimay were excluded from this, they initially remained with France. As a result of the agreements made at the Congress of Vienna (June 1815), the old United Provinces of the Netherlands and the former Belgian provinces were merged to form the new Kingdom of the Netherlands . In August 1815, the new Kingdom of the Netherlands was divided into provinces and the Jemmapes department became the province of Hainaut .

In the Second Peace of Paris (November 1815), the border between France and the Netherlands was redefined to the status of 1790, so that the cantons of Dour, Merbes-le-Château, Beaumont and Chimay were also incorporated into the province of Hainaut. The area has belonged to Belgium since 1830 .

structure

Department de Jemappes

The main town ( chef-lieu ) of the department or seat of the prefecture was the city of Mons ( Bergen ). It was divided into three arrondissements , 32 cantons and 423 communes:

Arrondissement Main towns in the cantons, seat of the courts of justice
Mons Boussu , Chièvres , Dour , Enghien , Lens , Le Roeulx , Mons (2 cantons), Pâturages , Soignies
Charleroi Beaumont , Binche , Charleroi (2 cantons), Chimay , Fontaine-l'Évêque , Gosselies , Merbes-le-Château , Seneffe , Thuin
Tournai Antoing , Ath , Celles , Ellezelles , Frasnes , Lessines , Leuze , Péruwelz , Quevaucamps , Templeuve , Tournai (2 cantons)

The department had an area of ​​3,767 square kilometers and in 1812 a total of 472,366 inhabitants.

See also

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Jean-Baptiste Nothomb : Historical-diplomatic presentation of the foundation of the Kingdom of Belgium under international law , Tübingen, Cotta'sche Buchhandlung, 1836, p. 450 ( Google Books )
  2. ^ Albrecht Friedrich Ludolph Lasius : The French Kayser State under the government of the Kayser Napoleon the Great in 1812 . A Geographical-Historical Manual, First Department, Osnabrück: Johann Gottfried Kißling, 1813, p. 269 ( Google Books )
  3. ↑ a b Almanach Impérial 1812 , Paris, p. 415 ( Bibliothèque nationale de France )
  4. ^ Heinrich Karl Wilhelm Berghaus : Germany for a Hundred Years , Second Section, Third Volume, Leipzig: Voigt & Günther, 1862, p. 78 ( Google Books )