Jerzy Andrzejewski

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Jerzy Andrzejewski (1949)

Jerzy Andrzejewski [ ˈjɛʒɨ andʒɛˈjɛfskʲi ] (born August 19, 1909 in Warsaw , † April 19, 1983 there ) was a Polish writer.

biography

Andrzejewski attended high school in Warsaw and graduated from high school in 1927 . He then studied Polish Studies at the University of Warsaw . His literary debut , the short story Wobec czyjegoś życia , was published in 1932 in the weekly ABC . From 1935 to 1937 was a theater reviewer for the newspaper ABC . In addition, in 1935 he took over the management of the literary section of the magazine Prosto z mostu . In 1936 the first volume of stories was published under the name Drogi nieuniknione ( The Inevitable Ways ) and Andrzejewski became a member of the Union of Polish Writers . Two years later his novel Ład serca ( Order of the Heart ) was published. Until then, Andrzejewski based his work on a Catholic worldview and described moral collisions and dilemmas.

During the Second World War between 1940 and 1944 he stayed in Warsaw, worked in the Polish underground and tried to preserve Polish culture. He was the representative of the Government Representation of the Republic of Poland in the country ( Delegatura Rządu Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej na Kraj ) for literary concerns.

After the war, Andrzejewski lived in Cracow and worked for the magazines Odrodzenie , Przekrój and Kuźnica for a few years . In addition, he was from 1946 to 1947 chairman of the Cracow department of the Union of Polish Writers . In 1948 he moved to Stettin and was actively involved in the Peace Committee ( Komitet Obrońców Pokoju ) and in the Society for Polish-Soviet Friendship ( Towarzystwo Przyjaźni Polsko-Radzieckiej; TPPR ). His change from Catholic to Communist writer is evident in his work Popiół i diament ( Ashes and Diamonds ) , published in 1948 . From 1949 to 1952 he was head of the Szczecin Department of the Union of Polish Writers. When Socialist Realism was elevated to the highest level of artistic doctrine at the Szczecin Conference in 1949 , Andrzejewski became one of the leading advocates of this artistic genre. In 1950 Andrzejewski finally joined the Communist Party of Poland ( PZPR) and between 1952 and 1954 became editor-in-chief of the Polish cultural magazine Przegląd kulturalny ( cultural overview ). Between 1952 and 1957 he was also a member of the Sejm and lived in Warsaw from 1952 to 1954. From 1956 to 1957 he was chairman of the Warsaw Department of the Union of Polish Writers.

However, his enthusiasm for socialism did not last long. In 1954 he did not take part in the second party congress. After the magazine Europa , which he co-founded in 1957, was banned, he resigned from the PZPR and, as a result, was completely banned from printing his works. In March 1964 Andrzejewski signed the document List 34 ( letter of 34 ), a protest note of the Polish intelligentsia for freedom of action in their works. When Andrzejewski protested in an open letter to Eduard Goldstücker in September 1968 against the Polish participation in the invasion of Czechoslovakia during the Prague Spring , his works were no longer allowed to be printed. He joined the Polish PEN Club in 1969. His long-term collaboration with the weekly magazine Literatura began in 1972, in which he published the series Z dnia na dzień from 1972 to 1979 and Gra z cieniem from 1980 to 1981. As a protest against a planned constitutional amendment, Andrzejewski signed Memoriał 101 in January 1976 and co-founded the Komitet Obrony Robotników (KOR) in September 1976 and signed the Apel KOR, which was addressed to Sejmmarschall . From 1977 to 1981 he was a member of the editorial board of Zapis magazine . In 1981 he gave weekly lectures for students of the Institute of Polish Philology at Warsaw University.

Grave in Warsaw

Film adaptations

Many of his works were filmed; in several cases he also wrote the scripts. The most famous of these films is Ashes and Diamond by Andrzej Wajda, with Zbigniew Cybulski in the lead role. The film won the 1958 in 1959 the Critics' Prize at the International Film Festival of Venice . Darkness covers the earth describes the Spanish Inquisition and deals with problems of religious fanaticism, ethics and the like. a.

criticism

In his book Zniewolony umysł (published in Polish in 1953; German seduced thinking ), Czesław Miłosz u. a. his former good friend Andrzejewski. Andrzejewski is not named directly, but it is not difficult for the reader to guess who is behind "Alpha". Miłosz describes Andrzejewski's earlier (Catholic) period ("he wanted to be a moral authority" and pursued "the hunt for purity") and the change into a communist: Andrzejewski et al. a. portrayed as a selfish person who always wants to be the center of attention. Andrzejewski describes himself as a communist, but Miłosz has doubts and even makes fun of it a little. Indeed, Jerzy Andrzejewski later resigned from the party.

Works

  • Drogi nieuniknione. Opowiadania, 1936
  • Ład serca. Powieść, 1938
  • Apel , origin 1942, readings in the underground; 1945
  • Wielki Tydzień, created in 1943
    • Holy Week , narration, Detusch Oskar January Tauschinski, Vienna 1948
    • Warsaw Holy Week, German by Renate Lachmann , Munich 1964
  • Święto Winkelrida. Widowisko w 3 aktach, together with Jerzy Zagórski , 1946
  • Noc. Opowiadania, 1945
  • Popiół i diament. Powieść, 1947 in Odrodzenie , 1948
  • Aby pokój zwyciężył !, 1950
  • O człowieku radzieckim, 1951
  • Ludzie i zdarzenia 1951, 1952
  • Partia i twórczość pisarza, 1952
  • Ludzie i zdarzenia 1952, 1953
  • Wojna skuteczna czyli Opis bitew i potyczek z Zadufkami, 1953
  • Książka dla Marcina, 1954
  • Zloty lis, 1954 in Nowa Kutlura ; 1955
  • Ciemności kryją zimię, 1957
  • Niby gaj. Opowiadania 1933-1958, 1959
  • Bramy raju, 1960
    • The gates of paradise , novel, German by Renate Lachmann, Munich 1963
    • The gates of paradise , novel, German by Henryk Bereska, Volk und Welt , Berlin 1982 (= spectrum , 161)
  • Idzie skacząc po górach, 1963
  • Apelacja, 1968
    • Appellation , German by Peter Lachmann, Frankfurt / Main 1968
  • Prometeusz, 1971
  • Teraz na ciebie zagłada, 1975 in Literatuta ; 1976
    • Now comes the end over you , Roman, German by Peter Lachmann, Frankfurt / Main 1977
  • Już prawie nic, 1976 in Twórczość ; 1979
  • Miazga, 1979
  • Nowe opowiadania, 1980
  • Nikt, 1982 in Twórczość; 1983
  • Intermezzo i inne opowiadania, 1986
  • Gra z cieniem, 1987
  • Z dnia na dzień. Dziennik literacki 1972–1979, 1988

Collections in German translations

  • Selected stories, Munich 1963
  • The great stories, Vienna 1968
  • The great lament of the paper head , stories, Munich 1969
  • The Golden Fox , Roman, Munich 1979
  • The fictional wife, Berlin 1982

Film adaptations

Radio processing

literature

  • Jadwiga Czachowska: Andrzejewski Jerzy . In: Współcześni polscy pisarze i badacze literatury . Tom pierwszy: A – B. Wydawnictwo Szkolne i Pedagogiczne Spółka Akcyjna, Warsaw 1994, ISBN 83-02-05445-3 , p. 45-50 .
  • Jadwiga Chachowska: Andrzejewski Jerzy . In: Współcześni polscy pisarze i badacze literatury . Tom dziesiąty: Ż i uzupełnienia do tomów 1–9. Fundacja Akademia Humanistyczna, Warsaw 2007, ISBN 978-83-8934894-4 , p. 105-107 .

Individual evidence

  1. ^ The gates of paradise, Deutschlandradio Kultur

Web links

personal data
SURNAME Andrzejewski, Jerzy
ALTERNATIVE NAMES GJ Sandbarmay
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Polish writer, member of the Sejm
DATE OF BIRTH August 19, 1909
PLACE OF BIRTH Warsaw
DATE OF DEATH April 19, 1983
Place of death Warsaw