List of rulers of Croatia
Princes
Princes in Syrmia (7th century)
Surname | Domination | Remarks |
---|---|---|
Kuver | 635-678 / 680 | Bulgarian Khanate of Syrmia (Pannonia), vassal of the Avars
from 784 establishment of the West Bulgarian Empire in West Macedonia / Albania |
Princes of Pannonian Croatia (8th-9th centuries)
Surname | Domination | Remarks |
---|---|---|
Vojnomir | 791 – around 810 | 791 to the Frankish Empire, between 796 and 799 to the Byzantine Empire |
Ljudevit | around 810-823 | 812 to the Byzantine Empire |
Ratimir | 829-838 | 835 Attempted conquest by the Duke of Bavaria |
Braslav | 880 – around 896 |
Princes of Dalmatian Croatia (7th – 10th centuries)
Surname | Domination | Remarks |
---|---|---|
Višeslav | around 800– around 810 | not at Džino 2010 |
Borna | at 810-821 | Uncle of Ljudevit, from 820 dux Dalmatiae in Nin, vassal of the Franks |
Vladislav | 821-828? | not in Fine 1991 (see literature) |
Mislav / Mojslav | 829? –842? | not in Fine 1991 (see literature) |
Trpimir I. | 842? –864? or 845-864 | Trpimirović dynasty , from 852 dux Chroatorum , first mention of the Croats |
(Krešimir?) | (850–860) | after Mužić 2007; as questionable at Džino 2010; not in Fine 1991 (see literature) |
(Miroslav?) | (860–864) | after Mužić 2007; as questionable at Džino 2010; not in Fine 1991 (see literature) |
Zdeslav | 864 | not in Džino 2010 (see literature) |
Domagoj | 864-876 or 864-878 | House Domagojević , piracy of the Venetians (Latin: pessimus Sclavorum dux) |
Son of Domagoj (Ilko / Iljko?) | 876 or 878 | House Domagojević , |
Zdeslav | 876-879 or 878-879 | again |
Branimir | 879-892 | House Domagojević , dux Croatorum |
Mutimir | around 892–910? | Trpimirović dynasty , brother of Zdeslav |
Tomislav | 910? -925 | House Domagojević |
Kings
Kings of Croatia (10th to 11th centuries)
Surname | Domination | Remarks |
---|---|---|
Tomislav I († March 11, 928) |
around 910-928 | 925 called rex croatorum . After his death, civil wars weaken the state. |
Trpimir II. | 928-935 | Younger brother of Tomislav I. |
Krešimir I. the Elder | 935-945 | Son of Trpimir II. |
Miroslav I. | 945-949 | Son of Krešimir I. |
Mihajlo Krešimir II. | 949-969 | Miroslav's younger brother. |
Stjepan Držislav († 997) |
969-997 | Son of Mihajlo Krešimir II , king around 988 |
Queen Jelena of Zadar | 969-8. November 975 | Wife of Mihaljo Kresimir II. |
Svetoslav Suronja | 997-1000 | Son of Stjepan Držislav |
Krešimir III. | 997-1030 | Younger brother of Svetoslav Suronja |
Gojslav | 997-1020 | Younger brother of Svetoslav Suronja |
Byzantine Emperor Basil II (* 958; † December 15, 1025) |
1019-1025 | Croatia under the rule of the Byzantine emperor |
Stjepan I. | 1030-1058 | Son of Krešimir III. |
Peter Krešimir IV. | 1058-1074 | Son of Stjepan I. |
Dmitar Zvonimir († April 20, 1089) |
1075-1089 | Cousin of Petar Krešimir IV ; married to Helena , daughter of King Béla I of Hungary; after his death disputes over the throne begin; a group around Zvonimir's widow Helena calls her brother, Ladislaus I († June 20, 1095) , King of Hungary since 1077, into the country, who claims the Croatian royal dignity for the Árpáden |
Stjepan II. | 1089 – December 1090 | last ruler from the Trpimirovići dynasty ; Son of Častimir which the younger brother of Petar Kresimir IV. Was |
Álmos (* approx. 1074/1075; † 1127/1129) |
1091-1093 / 1095 | Nephew of Ladislaus I of Hungary ; was installed there as ruler after a successful campaign to Croatia in 1091 |
Petar Svačić († 1097) |
1093-1097 | fought against the Hungarian kings for rule over Croatia |
Kings of Croatia at the time of the state union with Hungary (1102–1526)
Árpáden
Surname | Domination | Remarks |
---|---|---|
Koloman of Hungary (around 1070 - 1116) |
1102-1116 | King of Hungary since 1095/1096; defeated an army of Croatian nobles who supported Petar Svačić in the battle of Gvozd Mountain (possibly today's Petrova Gora ) in 1097 ; probably crowned king of Dalmatia and Croatia in 1102 |
Stephan III. (* around 1101 - † April 3, 1131) |
1116-1131 | |
Bela II. (Around 1110 - 13 February 1141) |
1131-1141 | |
Géza II (* 1130; † 1162) |
1141-1162 | |
Stephan V (* 1147 - † March 4, 1172) |
1162-1172 | |
Bela III. (* around 1148 - † April 24, 1196) |
1172-1196 | |
Emmerich (* 1174; † 1204) |
1196-1204 | |
Ladislaus III. (* 1199 or 1201; † May 7, 1205) |
1204-1205 | |
Andreas I. (* around 1177; † 1235) |
1205-1235 | |
Bela IV. (November 1206 - May 3, 1270) |
1235-1270 | |
Stephan VI. (* 1239- † August 6, 1272) |
1270-1272 | |
Ladislaus III. (1262–10 July 1290) |
1272-1290 | |
Andreas II (around 1265 - 14 January 1301) |
1290-1301 |
Anjou
Surname | Domination | Remarks |
---|---|---|
Charles I (* 1288; † July 16, 1342) |
1301-1342 | |
Ludwig I (March 5, 1326 - September 10, 1382) |
1342-1382 | |
Maria (1371--17 May 1395) |
1382-1385 | |
Charles II (* 1345 - † February 24, 1386) |
1385-1386 |
Different dynasties
Surname | Domination | Remarks |
---|---|---|
Sigismund (February 15, 1368 - December 9, 1437) |
1387-1437 | Luxembourger (husband of Maria v. Anjou) |
Albrecht (born August 16, 1397 - † October 27, 1439) |
1437-1439 | Habsburg (son-in-law of Sigismund) |
Elisabeth (February 28, 1409 - December 19, 1442) |
1439-1440 | Luxembourger (widow of the previous one) |
Vladislav I (born October 31, 1424 - † November 10, 1444) |
1440-1444 | Jagiellone (King of Poland; elected by the Hungarian nobility) |
Ladislaus V. Postumus (February 22, 1440 - November 23, 1457) |
1444-1457 | Habsburg (son of Albrecht and Elisabeth) |
Matthias Corvinus (February 23, 1443 - April 6, 1490) |
1458-1490 | (elected by the Hungarian nobility) |
Vladislav II (March 1, 1456 - March 13, 1516) |
1490-1516 | Jagiellone (King of Bohemia; elected by the Hungarian nobility) |
Ludwig II (July 1, 1506 - August 29, 1526) |
1516-1526 | Jagiellone (son of Vladislav II.) |
Johann Zápolya (* 1487; † July 22, 1540) |
1527-1540 | (elected by the Slavonian nobility) |
Kings of Croatia at the time of the state union with Hungary and the Austrian countries (1527-1918)
Habsburgs
Surname | Domination | Remarks |
---|---|---|
Ferdinand I (March 10, 1503 - July 25, 1564) |
1527-8. September 1563 | |
Maximilian (born July 31, 1527 - † October 12, 1576) |
September 8, 1563-1576 | Coronation in Pressburg |
Rudolf (July 18, 1552 - January 20, 1612) |
1576-1608 | |
Matthias II (February 24, 1557 - March 20, 1619) |
1608-1619 | |
Ferdinand II (July 9, 1578 - February 15, 1637) |
1619-1637 | |
Ferdinand III. (July 13, 1608 - April 2, 1657) |
1637-1657 | |
Leopold I (June 9, 1640 - May 5, 1705) |
1657-1705 | |
Joseph I. (born July 26, 1678 - † April 17, 1711) |
1705-1711 | |
Charles III (October 1, 1685 - October 20, 1740) |
1711-1740 | |
Maria Theresa (born May 13, 1717 - † November 29, 1780) |
1740-1780 |
Habsburg-Lorraine
Surname | Domination | Remarks |
---|---|---|
Joseph II (March 13, 1741 - February 20, 1790) |
1780-1790 | |
Leopold II (May 5, 1747 - March 1, 1792) |
1790-1792 | |
Franz I (February 12, 1768 - March 2, 1835) |
1792-1835 | |
Ferdinand V (April 19, 1793 - June 29, 1875) |
1835-1848 | |
Franz Joseph I (August 18, 1830 - November 21, 1916) |
1848-1916 | |
Charles IV (born August 17, 1887 - April 1, 1922) |
1916-1918 |
Croatia in the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (1918–1929)
After a brief period of autocracy, Croatia becomes part of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes.
Croatia in the Kingdom of Yugoslavia (1929–1941)
In 1929 the state was renamed the Kingdom of Yugoslavia.
Titular King of Croatia at the time of the Independent State of Croatia (1941–1945)
After the invasion of Yugoslavia by German and Italian troops in 1941, the Independent State of Croatia was proclaimed, which was a formally independent state structure, but which was dependent on the Axis powers.
- 1941–1943 Tomislav II (designated king)
See also
- List of Bane of Croatia
- List of heads of state of Yugoslavia
- List of Presidents and Prime Ministers of Croatia
Web links
- hic.hr: Hrvatski vladari (Croatian ruler). Retrieved September 8, 2013 .
literature
- Danijel Džino: Becoming Slav, Becoming Croat: Identity Transformations in Post-Roman and Early Medieval Dalmatia (= East Central and Eastern Europe in the Middle Ages . Band 12 ). BRILL, 2010, ISBN 978-90-04-18646-0 ( online ).
- Ivan Mužić: Hrvatska povijest devetoga stoljeća (= Biblioteka Povjesnice Hrvata . Volume 3 ). 2nd increased edition. Matica Hrvatska, Split 2007, p. 182-187 ( online [PDF]).
- Michael F. Feldkamp: regent lists and family tables on the history of Europe: From the Middle Ages to the present (= Reclams Universal Library . Volume 17034 ). Reclam, 2002, ISBN 978-3-15-017034-2 .
- John Van Antwerp Fine Jr .: The Early Medieval Balkans: A Critical Survey from the Sixth to the Late Twelfth Century . University of Michigan Press, Michigan 1991, Rulers of Croatia: Dalmatian Croatia, p. 296 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i John Van Antwerp Fine Jr .: The Early Medieval Balkans: A Critical Survey from the Sixth to the Late Twelfth Century . University of Michigan Press, Michigan 1991, Rulers of Croatia: Dalmatian Croatia, p. 296 .
- ↑ a b c d e f g h Danijel Džino: Becoming Slav, Becoming Croat: Identity Transformations in Post-Roman and Early Medieval Dalmatia (= East Central and Eastern Europe in the Middle Ages . Band 12 ). BRILL, 2010, ISBN 978-90-04-18646-0 , APPENDIX: LIST OF DALMATIAN RULERS, p. 218 .