Canton of Kandel
The canton Kandel (French: Canton de Candel ; in the Bavarian period also canton Langenkandel ) was one of originally 30 administrative units into which the Lower Rhine (French: Département du Bas-Rhin ) was initially divided in the 1790s. The canton of Kandel was part of the French Republic from 1793 to 1804 and part of the Napoleonic Empire until 1815 . The main town ( chef-lieu ) and eponymous was today's town of Kandel in the Rhineland-Palatinate district of Germersheim .
The canton was also a district court of justice and belonged to the arrondissement Weissenburg (French: Arrondissement de Wissembourg ).
After the Palatinate came to the Kingdom of Bavaria in 1816 , the cantons were initially retained and were part of the administrative structure until 1852. The territory of the Bavarian canton of Kandel was not identical to that of the French canton.
The administrative area was mainly in what is now the district of Germersheim , two municipalities in the district of Südliche Weinstrasse in Rhineland-Palatinate .
Communities
The listing of the municipalities and the number of inhabitants (column "EW 1814") are taken from a French-language publication published in 1816, which is based on official statistics from 1814 (place names in brackets in the spelling at that time); the territories are compiled from different documents.
From 1814 to 1815 the communities of Hördt , Kuhardt , Leimersheim and Neupotz also belonged to the canton of Kandel.
history
Regardless of whether they belonged to different territories, all localities in the later canton of Kandel, with the exception of Erlenbach , Steinweiler and Winden , were already under French suzerainty before the French Revolution (1789) .
For this reason, unlike in the later Donnersberg department (French: Département du Mont-Tonnerre ) to the north, the area was included in the reorganization of the French administration that began in 1790. The canton of Kandel belonged to the Arrondissement Weissenburg (French: Arrondissement de Wissembourg ) in the Lower Rhine department (French: Département du Bas-Rhin ).
Erlenbach, Steinweiler and Winden were annexed to the French state by decree of March 14, 1793 and assigned to the canton of Kandel. They belonged to a group of 32 places in the southern Palatinate that had submitted a request for annexation to France in March 1793.
In the Peace of Paris on May 30, 1814, the course of the Queich River between Landau and the Rhine was established as the new French border. The canton of Kandel thus initially remained with France. The communities of Hördt , Kuhardt , Leimersheim and Neupotz (previously part of the canton of Germersheim in the Donnersberg department) were attached to the canton of Kandel in 1814 due to their location south of the Queich.
After Napoleon's final defeat at the Battle of Waterloo (June 1815) and the resulting Peace of Paris on November 20, 1815, the French border was moved south to the course of the Lauter . The newly created “District on the Lauter” was temporarily administered by an Austrian “General Commissary”.
The communities of Hördt, Kuhardt, Leimersheim and Neupotz came back to the canton of Germersheim .
Bavarian canton Kandel
On April 14, 1816, a state treaty was signed between Austria and Bavaria in which an exchange of different national territories was agreed. The Austrian areas on the left bank of the Rhine were ceded to the Kingdom of Bavaria on May 1, 1816 .
The now Bavarian canton of Kandel belonged to the Landau district directorate in the newly created Rhine district. After the subdivision of the Rhine district into land commissariats (1818), the canton Kandel belonged to the land commissioner Germersheim .
Because of the redefinition of the French border, the municipalities north of the Lauter in the canton Lauterburg, which otherwise remained with France, also came to the canton Kandel: Berg , Büchelberg , Hagenbach , Neuburg , Pforz (today Maximiliansau ) and Scheibenhardt . The community of Münchweiler am Klingbach was assigned to the canton of Annweiler in 1817 .
After 1817, a total of 20 municipalities belonged to the Bavarian canton of Kandel (place names in the spelling at that time):
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e Philippe Jacques Fargès-Méricourt: Annuaire historique et statistique du Département du Bas-Rhin: pour l'année ... 1814/16 , Levrault, 1816 p. 66, 306 Google Books
- ↑ a b c Wilhelm von der Nahmer: Handbuch des Rheinischen Particular-Rechts , Third Volume, Sauerländer, Frankfurt 1832, pp. 204, 292, 317, 321, 323, 342, 345, 363 ( Google Books )
- ↑ a b Michael Frey : Attempt at a geographical-historical-statistical description of the king. bayer. Rheinkreises , first part, Speier: Neidhard, 1836, pp. 442, 490 ff. ( Google Books )
- ^ Adalbert Heib: Official Directory and Statistics of the Royal Bavarian Government District of the Palatinate , Speyer: Kranzbühler, 1863, p. 60 ( Google Books )
- ↑ Franz Xaver Remling : The Rhine Palatinate in the Revolutionary Period from 1792 to 1798 , first volume, Bregenzer, Speyer 1865, p. 161 ( Google Books )
- ^ Karl Moersch : History of the Palatinate , Palatinate Publishing House, Landau / Pfalz 1987, p. 453
- ↑ Munich Treaty of April 14, 1816 in GM Kletke: The State Treaties of the Kingdom of Bavaria ... from 1806 up to and including 1858. Pustet, Regensburg 1860, p. 310 ( Google Books )
- ↑ W. Tielcke: Schütz's general geography , Volume 16, Doll, Vienna 1831, p 134 et seq (. Google Books )
- ↑ Michael Frey : Attempt at a geographical-historical-statistical description of the royal. bayer. Rheinkreises , Fourth Part, Speier: Neidhard, 1837, Appendix p. 1 ( Google Books )
- ^ Official Journal of the Royal Bavarian government of the Rhine district of November 26, 1817: Announcement of November 17, 1817, cantonal division of the Rhine district ( bavarica.digitale-sammlungen.de )
- ^ Heinrich Berghaus : Hertha: Journal for Geography, Ethnology and Political Studies , Volume 2, Stuttgart: Cotta, 1825, p. 652 ( Google Books )