Karl Pflaumer

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Karl Pflaumer, 1934

Karl Pflaumer (born July 27, 1896 in Rauenberg , † May 3, 1971 in Rastatt ) was Minister of the Interior of Baden at the time of National Socialism , a member of the Reichstag and SS Brigade Leader .

Life

Vocational training and World War I

Pflaumer, son of the senior teacher Hans Georg Pflaumer and his wife Lina, née Raab, had six siblings. He graduated from elementary and middle school from 1902 to 1910. From 1910 to 1914 he attended a teachers' seminar in Tauberbischofsheim and Ettlingen , which he did not complete. Instead, he volunteered for the army when the First World War broke out and first came to Karlsruhe in the 1st Badische Leib-Grenadier-Regiment No. 109 . In December 1914, he was transferred to Reserve Infantry Regiment No. 40 on the Western Front . He was then employed with the Reserve Infantry Regiment No. 109, underwent officer training and in August 1915 was commanded to the Fusilier Regiment "von Gersdorff" (Kurhessisches) No. 80 with the rank of lieutenant in the reserve . In August 1917 he switched to the air force . After he was shot down in an aerial combat, he was taken prisoner by the French, from which he was released on February 2, 1920. He left the army as a first lieutenant in the reserve.

Period of the Weimar Republic - police service and National Socialist activities

Pflaumer had been married to Hertha, née Hauck, since 1920 and had three children. He moved from Wertheim to Heidelberg in 1920 . From April 1920 he did police service - from 1922 as a first lieutenant - with the Baden Police . At the beginning of March 1929, Pflaumer was allegedly dismissed from the police force for Nazi activity. The background to Pflaumer's discharge from the police force was his participation in a closed meeting of the NSDAP on March 5, 1928 in Heidelberg. Membership in this party was forbidden to Baden officials. As a result, investigations were started against him. Pflaumer stated that at that time he was not a member of the NSDAP, but of the Reich Party for People's Law and Revaluation , a party of those affected by inflation. He was then transferred from on-call duty to duty in the field. Pflaumer finally called in sick and was discharged from the police force due to illness because he was diagnosed with endogenous depression .

The SA He joined the latest in 1929, he was from that date as SA banner leader fulltime Gauredner and Kreispropaganda- and deputy district leader of the NSDAP (membership. 186057). In October 1929 he was sentenced to four weeks' imprisonment and a fine for publicly insulting the Minister of the Interior of Baden, Adam Remmele , through a campaign. On June 1, 1932, he switched from the SA to the SS (SS no. 62,511). Pflaumer became a member of the National Socialist People's Welfare in 1933 and of Lebensborn in 1938 .

Time of National Socialism - Baden Minister of the Interior and anti-Semite

From November 1930 to the beginning of May 1933 he was a city councilor in Heidelberg and from March 9, 1933 was a provisional member - at special disposal - of the Wagner cabinet . From May 6, 1933 to April 1945, he was Minister of the Interior in the Köhler cabinet . In his role as Minister of the Interior, Pflaumer implemented the " synchronization " of the administration, especially the police, in Baden. After Heinrich Himmler became Reichsführer SS and head of the German police in 1936 and also Reich Minister of the Interior in 1943, Pflaumer's area of ​​competence was continuously restricted due to the centralization of domestic policy. From the 9th electoral term in November 1933, Pflaumer was a member of the Reichstag for constituency 32 (Baden) until spring 1945 .

Pflaumer's name was also mentioned in connection with the casino affair in Baden-Baden in 1935. Pflaumer is said to have frequented the Baden-Baden casino and warned the "Jewish" owner against receiving free tokens before German customs raids. However, since nothing could be proven to Pflaumer, the investigation against him was finally closed.

Pflaumer, who later referred to himself as an anti-Semite during the denazification process , was regionally responsible for the compilation of a Jewish card index ordered in 1935 , which created the basis for the registration of Jewish citizens for deportation to the extermination camps . In 1940 he also implemented an ordinance through which the assets of deported Jews went to the state. In individual cases, however, he helped Jews to issue passports for emigration and in one case saved the grandmother of an employee from deportation to Theresienstadt . On the other hand, he had Ludwig Marum , who was deported to the Kislau concentration camp at the beginning of May 1933 and murdered there, brought before him and humiliated him; Marum had been Remmele's lawyer, who had been insulted by Pflaumer.

Second World War

After the outbreak of World War II , he took part in the western campaign as a major in the Air Force Reserve in 1940 . After that, in addition to his other posts, he became head of the administrative and police department in Strasbourg at the head of the Alsatian civil administration. He is said to have not particularly supported Robert Wagner's “ Volkstumsppolitik ” there. In April 1940 he was promoted to SS brigade leader in the SS .

Pflaumer came to Romania in March 1941 together with other German advisors, including Gustav Richter . Until March 1942 he advised the Romanian government on administrative issues and also promoted anti-Jewish measures. Pflaumer was present when the Chernivtsi Ghetto was set up in September 1941. After the end of his consultancy work in Romania, Pflaumer resumed his work as head of the administrative and police department in Strasbourg (until the end of November 1944) and his post in the Baden interior department. Due to the war, he briefly relocated his office from Karlsruhe to Baden-Baden in March 1945. In April 1945, Pflaumer was captured by the French army while attempting to leave for Switzerland.

post war period

Pflaumer was interned by the French occupying forces and released from prison at the end of May 1948. Then he was in the judicial prison in Karlsruhe and finally from August 2 to 12, 1948 in the Ludwigsburg internment camp . Pflaumer later worked temporarily as a sales representative. During his denazification process in Karlsruhe, he was classified as a suspect in mid-January 1950 and sentenced to a fine. He later received a pension on the Gnadenweg, which from the end of the 1950s was composed of his work as a police officer and partly also by managing the Baden interior department.

His older brother, the businessman Hans Pflaumer (born February 7, 1895 in Wertheim ), unsuccessfully entered the 1949 federal election for the Independent (Notgemeinschaft / Bund der Flugflädigung und Sparer) in the Bundestag constituency of Karlsruhe-Stadt (No. 175).

Awards

literature

  • Norma Pralle: Between party, office and personal interests. Karl Pflaumer, Minister of the Interior of Baden. In: Michael Kißener , Joachim Scholtyseck (ed.): The leaders of the province. Nazi biographies from Baden and Württemberg (= Karlsruhe contributions to the history of National Socialism . Volume 2). Universitäts-Verlag Konstanz, Konstanz 1997, ISBN 3-87940-566-2 , pp. 539-566.
  • Horst Ferdinand: Pflaumer, Karl, Nazi politician, Minister of the Interior of Baden (1933–1945). In: Bernd Ottnad (Hrsg.): Baden-Württembergische Biographien. Volume 1. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart 1994, ISBN 3-17-012207-X , pp. 266-271.
  • Ernst Klee : The dictionary of persons on the Third Reich. Updated 2nd edition. Fischer Verlag, Frankfurt am Main 2007, ISBN 978-3-596-16048-8 .

Web links

Commons : Karl Pflaumer  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ A b Norma Pralle: Between party, office, and personal interests. Karl Pflaumer, Minister of the Interior of Baden. P. 539 f.
  2. ↑ a b c d e Pflaumer, Karl on leo-bw.de.
  3. ^ A b c d e Horst Ferdinand: Pflaumer, Karl, Nazi politician, Minister of the Interior of Baden (1933–1945). P. 266 f.
  4. ↑ a b List of seniority in the SS
  5. ^ A b Norma Pralle: Between party, office, and personal interests. Karl Pflaumer, Minister of the Interior of Baden. P. 556 f.
  6. ↑ Erich Stockhorst: 5000 heads. Who was what in the 3rd Reich . Arndt, Kiel 2000, ISBN 3-88741-116-1 , p. 322 (Unchanged reprint of the first edition from 1967).
  7. ↑ a b c Norma Pralle: Between party, office, and personal interests. Karl Pflaumer, Minister of the Interior of Baden. P. 559 ff.
  8. ↑ a b c Ernst Klee: The dictionary of persons on the Third Reich. P. 459 f.
  9. ↑ Christoph Dieckmann , Babette Quinkert, Tatjana Tönsmeyer : Cooperation and crime. Forms of “collaboration” in Eastern Europe 1939–1945. Wallstein Verlag, Göttingen 2003, ISBN 3-89244-690-3 ( Contributions to the history of National Socialism . Volume 19), p. 96 f.
  10. ↑ Pflaumer, Hans . In: Martin Schumacher (Ed.): MdB - The People's Representation 1946–1972. - [Pabst to Pytlik] (=  KGParl online publications ). Commission for the History of Parliamentarism and Political Parties e. V., Berlin 2006, ISBN 978-3-00-020703-7 , pp. 936 , urn : nbn: de: 101: 1-2014070812574 ( kgparl.de [PDF; 221 kB ; accessed on June 19, 2017]).
personal data
SURNAME Pflaumer, Karl
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German politician (NSDAP), Member of the Reichstag, Interior Minister of Baden, SS brigade leader and member of the Reichstag
DATE OF BIRTH July 27, 1896
PLACE OF BIRTH Rauenberg
DATE OF DEATH 3rd May 1971
Place of death Rastatt