Charles V (Lorraine)

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Charles V
Statue in the Army History Museum .

Karl V. Leopold , called the Duke without Duchy , (born April 3, 1643 in Vienna , † April 18, 1690 in Wels , Upper Austria ) was titular duke of Lorraine and Bar from 1675 to 1690; he was the son of Duke Nikolaus Franz and Claudia of Lorraine and the brother-in-law of Emperor Leopold I.

biography

Karl, who always and stubbornly called himself Carolus, was destined for a career in the church as a younger son. In 1648 he became provost of Saint-Dié and in 1649 abbot of Gorze . However, the death of his older brother Ferdinand in 1659 made him heir to Lorraine and Bar . He resigned from his church offices and switched to a military career.

From 1663 he was in imperial service, took part in the battle of Mogersdorf against the Ottomans (August 1, 1664). In 1668/69 he applied for the Polish throne without success. In 1671 he fought in Hungary under General Johann von Sporck . During the siege of Murau in Styria , he was in command. The following year he was in command of the imperial cavalry under Raimondo Montecuccoli . He was wounded in the head in the Battle of Seneffe in 1674. In September 1675 he was appointed generalissimo of the imperial armies , and in 1676 he took part in the siege of Philippsburg .

Also in September 1675 he assumed the title of Duke of Lorraine after his uncle Charles IV died in the same month. He was also recognized as a duke by all the states of Europe, with the exception of France, which had occupied Lorraine for a long time. Through his marriage to Eleonore Maria Josepha of Austria in 1678 he became the brother-in-law of Emperor Leopold I. In 1679 he was appointed governor of Tyrol and the foreland . In 1678 he commanded the passage of the imperial army across the Black Forest .

As an imperial general (1675-88), he played a decisive role in the Battle of Kahlenberg on September 12, 1683 and in the capture of Ofen in 1686, as well as in the reconquest of Hungary , Slavonia and Transylvania in 1687 ( Great Turkish War , Battle of Mohács ). In May 1688 he resigned his military office to Elector Max Emanuel of Bavaria . A little later he was reactivated and took over a command in the Palatinate War of Succession . He fell ill during the campaigns. He initially returned to his family in Innsbruck, but then wanted to travel to Vienna to negotiate a comprehensive army reform with Emperor Leopold I.

Although he was not feeling well, he traveled to Vienna, but died on April 18, 1690 in Wels of a pulmonary embolism . According to Voltaire , the French King Louis XIV is said to have said about his death: le plus grand, le plus sage et le plus généreux de mes ennemis est mort - the greatest, wisest and most generous of my opponents has died. Charles V was initially buried in the Innsbruck Jesuit Church. When France released Lorraine in the Peace of Rijswijk in October 1697 , his body was transferred to the Lorraine capital, Nancy , where Charles finally found his final resting place in the Chapel Ducale .

reception

Through the imperial resolution of Franz Joseph I on February 28, 1863, Charles V was added to the list of "most famous warlords and generals worthy of constant emulation in Austria" , in whose honor and memory there was also a life-size statue in the general hall of that time The newly established Imperial and Royal Court Weapons Museum (today: Heeresgeschichtliches Museum Wien ) was built. The statue was created in 1867 from Carrara marble by the sculptor Josef Gröbmer and was dedicated by Archduke Albrecht .

In Vienna- Floridsdorf (21st district), Karl-Lothringer-Straße is named after him.

In Nancy the Boulevard Charles V is named after him.

progeny

In 1678 Karl married Eleonore Maria Josepha (1653–1697), daughter of Emperor Ferdinand III. and Eleonora Gonzaga , and widow of Michael Wiśniowiecki , King of Poland ; her children were:

  1. Leopold of Lorraine (1679–1729), Duke of Lorraine and Bar
  2. Charles III Joseph von Lothringen (1680–1715), Bishop of Olmütz , Bishop of Osnabrück and Archbishop of Trier
  3. Eleanor of Lorraine (1682–1682)
  4. Karl Ferdinand of Lorraine (1683–1685)
  5. Joseph of Lorraine (1685–1705), imperial general
  6. Franz Joseph of Lorraine (1689–1715), Abbot of Stablo and Malmedy

literature

Web links

Commons : Charles V of Lorraine  - Collection of images, videos and audio files
predecessor Office successor
Charles IV Duke of Lorraine
1675 - 1690 		Leopold

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Johann Christoph Allmayer-Beck : The Army History Museum Vienna. The museum and its representative rooms . Kiesel Verlag, Salzburg 1981, ISBN 3-7023-0113-5 , p. 33
personal data
SURNAME Charles V
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Karl Leopold
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Duke of Lorraine
DATE OF BIRTH April 3, 1643
PLACE OF BIRTH Vienna
DATE OF DEATH April 18, 1690
Place of death Wels , Upper Austria