Kilgour Matas Investigation Report

The Kilgour Matas Investigation Report is a 2006/2007 investigation report into allegations of organ harvesting from living Falun Gong practitioners in China . Canadian Secretary of State and Attorney General David Kilgour PC and Human Rights Attorney David Matas conducted this investigation. The Coalition to Investigate the Persecution of Falun Gong in China (CIPFG) requested this report after a surgeon's wife alleged in March 2006 that Falun Gong practitioners ' organs were secretly and against their will removed at the Sujiatun Thrombosis Hospital . The report, based on circumstantial evidence, found that "there have been and are still extensive organ harvesting from Falun Gong practitioners." China has consistently denied these claims.

The original report was received mixed up. Dr. Thomas Lum mentioned in the CRS Report for Congress "China and Falun Gong" on August 11, 2006 that the report was largely based on logical conclusions and "many claims and arguments are widely recognized by international human rights experts." On the other hand, "some of the main evidence would appear to contradict the results of other studies". In the original July 6, 2006 report, Kilgour and Matas found that "the [organ] source of 41,500 transplants for the six-year period from 2000 to 2005 is unclear," and concluded that "there was extensive forced organ harvesting from Falun Gong practitioners The UN Special Rapporteur on Torture Manfred Nowak said in March 2007 that the chain of evidence that Kilgour and Matas documented "gives a coherent picture that is cause for concern." This prompted the UN Committee against Torture in November 2008 to request "a full explanation of the source of organ transplants" in order to investigate allegations of organ harvesting and to take action to punish those who abuse them. Among other international concerns, the US National Kidney Foundation mentioned that it was "deeply concerned" by these allegations.

After the original report was published on July 6, 2006, Chinese officials stated that China adhered to the World Health Organization's principles prohibiting the sale of human organs without the donor's written consent. They condemned the report as defamation "based on rumors and false allegations," saying that the Chinese government had already investigated the allegations and that they were unfounded. The report is banned in Russia and China.

Other investigators took up the accusation of organ harvesting before the Kilgour Matas report was published and conducted their own investigations. Their results confirmed Kilgour and Mata's conclusions. Kirk Allison, assistant director of the Human Rights and Medicine Program at the University of Minnesota , concluded that the organ harvesting from Falun Gong practitioners is actually taking place. Another investigator was Edward McMillan-Scott , Vice-President of the European Parliament. McMillan-Scott was actually able to travel to China from May 19-21, 2006 - also before the Kilgour-Matas report was published - and interview two witnesses, one of whom confirmed that the organ harvesting was taking place. The China analyst Ethan Gutmann took up the Kilgour Matas report and also carried out his own research. Gutmann estimated that between 450,000 and one million Falun Gong practitioners were detained in labor camps and prisons at any given time, and that perhaps tens of thousands were earmarked for organ harvesting.

In January 2007, Kilgour and Matas submitted an expanded version of their investigation report. In 2009 the authors published an updated version of the report as a book entitled Bloody Harvest: The killing of Falun Gong for their organs and received an award from the International Society for Human Rights in the same year . In 2010 Kilgour and Matas were proposed for their investigation report and subsequent public relations work for the Nobel Peace Prize.

background

Falun Gong

Main article: History of Falun Gong

Falun Gong, also known as Falun Dafa, is a spiritual qigong practice that consists of physical exercises, meditation and a moral philosophy, and ties in with the Buddhist tradition. The practice was first taught publicly in the spring of 1992, towards the end of the Chinese "Qigong boom", by Li Hongzhi in northeast China.

At first, the Communist Party actively supported Falun Dafa. For example, in September 1993, the Ministry of Public Security praised Falun Gong for promoting "traditional anti-crime virtues in the Chinese people by ensuring social order and security and promoting righteousness in society." In December of the same year, Falun Gong received the "Advanced Frontier Science Award". Qiao Shi , the retired chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress , said of Falun Gong in 1998 that "it has hundreds of benefits for the Chinese people and China, and not a single bad effect." In October 1998, China's National Sports Commission published a medical examination of over 12,000 Falun Gong practitioners and reported that 97.9% of those surveyed had improved their health. The investigation concludes, “... that the exercises and effects of Falun Gong are excellent. The practice has made an extraordinary contribution to improving the stability and ethics of society. ”In February 1999, Wu Shaozu of the National Sports Commission of China stated in an interview with US News & World Report that the popularity of Falun Gong has dramatically reduced health costs , and then Prime Minister Zhu Rongji was very happy about it. With the support of the Chinese government, Falun Dafa's popularity grew and a period of rapid growth began.

However, on July 20, 1999, the Chinese Communist Party began a "Eradicate Falun Gong" campaign aimed at eliminating the spiritual practice in China. To start and carry out the persecution of Falun Gong , an extra-judicial organization called the 610 Office was established on June 10, 1999 , and its mission is to coordinate and monitor the elimination of Falun Gong. The repression that followed was accompanied by what Amnesty International called a “massive propaganda campaign”. The persecution's measures included a widespread propaganda campaign, a program of forced ideological conversion and re-education, and a variety of unlawful coercive measures such as arbitrary arrest, forced labor, and physical torture, often resulting in death. Foreign observers estimate that hundreds of thousands, perhaps millions, of Falun Gong practitioners have been detained in labor camps for re-education through labor, as well as in prisons and other detention centers for refusing to give up the spiritual practice. Former prisoners said that Falun Gong practitioners regularly received "the longest sentences and the worst treatment" in labor camps. In fact, in some facilities, Falun Gong practitioners constitute the vast majority of prisoners. Under orders from Beijing, practitioners are subjected to forcible "transformation," systematic torture, illegal detention, forced labor, and abusive psychiatric treatment with the obvious aim of coercing practitioners to give up their belief in Falun Gong. According to the New York Times , at least 2,000 Falun Gong practitioners were tortured to death as part of the persecution campaign by 2009. Some international monitors and judicial authorities described the campaign against Falun Gong as genocide .

Organ transplant in China

Main article: Organ transplant in China

China has had an organ transplant program since the 1960s that is one of the largest programs of its kind in the world. In 2004 it reached its first high of over 13,000 transplants (in the kidney and liver area). Involuntary organ harvesting is illegal under Chinese law, but a provision in 1984 made it legal so that organs can be removed from death row criminals with the consent of the criminal or the permission of the relative. In the 1990s, international concerns about possible ethical violations that could result from forced consent and corruption grew stronger. As a result, medical groups and human rights organizations began to condemn the practice. In 2001, these concerns regained relevance when the Chinese surgeon Wang Guoqi applied for political asylum in the United States. He testified before the US House of Representatives that he had removed the skin, corneas and other tissues for the organ market from over 100 executed inmates at the Tianjin Paramilitary Police Brigade General Hospital, and that at least one of the prisoners was still breathing during the operation. He also saw other doctors harvesting organs from executed prisoners, which the hospital sold to foreigners.

In 2005, the World Medical Association explicitly requested that China stop using prisoners as organ donors, and in December 2005, China's Deputy Health Minister Huang Jiefu admitted that organ removal from executed prisoners was widespread and 95% of all organs used for organ transplants China originated from executed prisoners. At the same time, he promised to take steps to end this abuse. But despite this promise, no changes followed, so that in 2006 the World Medical Association once again asked China not to use any prisoners as organ donors.

Sujiatun

Main article: Organ harvesting from Falun Gong practitioners in China

In March 2006, allegations of systematic organ harvesting from Falun Gong practitioners became known. Two people said they knew about forced organ harvesting at Sujiatun Thrombosis Hospital in Shenyang , Liaoning Province . The allegations were published in the Epoch Times , a newspaper group founded by Falun Gong practitioners. Within a month of the press coverage, third investigators, including officials from the US State Department, announced that there was currently insufficient evidence to support these claims.

After the March allegations were made public, human rights activist Harry Wu questioned the allegations that Falun Gong practitioners could be the target of large-scale organ harvesting. This despite the fact that he and his Laogai Foundation testified to the US Senate Committee on Foreign Relations on organ trafficking in 1995, and in 2001 he described surgeon Wang Guogi's testimony to the US House of Representatives as "very credible" that prisoners sentenced to death were sentenced to death killed on demand for their organs. Wu also questioned the credibility of Sujiatun's whistleblowers, although according to David Matas he had not interviewed them. Matas felt that it was unfair to the witnesses and the truth-finding process to label the testimony as lies without having questioned the witnesses themselves. Furthermore, Harry Wu, as a medical layperson, described the volume of organ removal that Annie had described (2000 corneal removals in two years) as "technically impossible", although according to medical experts this is very possible. Mohan Rajan described the operation time as just 20 minutes, which means that a single surgeon could remove 2,000 corneas in 83 days. In July 2006, Wu published an article that should contain the results of his investigation. Matas criticized the content, arguing that Wu's articles reflected his views from a March 21 letter that he had published two months before the conclusion of his own investigation. Because of this, Wu's testimony could not be based on his own full investigation.

On April 14, 2006, the US State Department wrote that during their visit to Sujiatun, US officials “found no evidence to support claims that a location in northeast China was used as a concentration camp to detain Falun Gong practitioners and remove their organs ”. However, they added, "Regardless of these specific allegations, the US remains concerned about China's suppression of Falun Gong practitioners and reports of organ harvesting."

Soon after, in May 2006, the Coalition to Investigate the Persecution of Falun Gong in China asked former Canadian Secretary of State and Crown Attorney David Kilgour and human rights lawyer David Matas to investigate further allegations of organ harvesting from Falun Gong practitioners in China. Kilgour and Matas agreed to conduct the investigation.

After the Kilgour and Matas investigation report was published, UN Special Rapporteurs repeatedly called on the Chinese government from 2006 to 2008 to ask questions about organ sources and the short waiting times for finding perfectly matched organs, as well as the connection between the sudden increase in organ transplants in China and the Answer the start of the persecution of Falun Gong. These inquiries were not answered satisfactorily by the Chinese authorities. At the same time, China's embassy in Canada in July 2006 and again in April 2007 denied the organ harvesting allegations and insisted that China was following the principles of the World Health Organization and prohibited the sale of human organs without the written consent of the organ donor. This was despite the fact that Huang Jiefu, the deputy minister of health of China, had already confirmed in December 2005 that the practice of organ harvesting from detainees was widespread.

On March 20, 2007, the United Nations Special Rapporteur on Torture Manfred Nowak presented his annual report at the 4th meeting of the Human Rights Council in Geneva, in which he made direct reference to organ harvesting from Falun Gong practitioners. In addition, Nowak stated that in March 2006, shortly after the publication of the Kilgour-Matas investigation report, the Chinese government had presented a draft law that bans the sale of human organs, requires written consent from organ donors and limits transplants to institutions that support the Can prove organ source. This law should have entered into force on July 1, 2006. Manfred Nowak pointed out, however, that contrary to what the Chinese government claims, “to this day [March 2007], Chinese law allows organs to be bought and sold; does not require the organ donor's written permission; there are no restrictions for institutions to participate in organ procurement or transplantation; there are no requirements that the institutes involved in organ transplants must provide evidence of the legal sources of the transplanted organs; and there is no requirement that transplant ethics committees must pre-approve all transplants. "

In November 2008, the UN Committee against Torture expressed concern about the allegations and required China to “immediately conduct or commission an independent investigation into the allegations” and take steps “to ensure that those responsible for such mistreatment are charged and punished become."

The investigation report

The investigation report was first presented to the public in July 2006. A second (revised) edition took place in January 2007 and contained further research results. On August 22, 2008, Kilgour and Matas issued a press release that provided additional evidence to support their investigation. In 2009, the investigation report was published in book form with further evidence.

The first report

Comparison of the average waiting times in days for a kidney transplant in an adult in different countries

On July 20, 2006, Kilgour and Matas presented the results of their two-month long investigation as a report on allegations of organ harvesting from Falun Gong practitioners in China . The report lists 33 strands of circumstantial evidence, so that in the absence of any rebuttals, Kilgour and Matas increasingly came to the conclusion that “the government of China and its agencies in many parts of the country, particularly in hospitals, but also in detention centers and people's courts, have killed an unknown but large number of Falun Gong prisoners of conscience since 1999. Her vital organs, including the kidneys, livers, corneas, and hearts, were removed without consent and sold at high prices. Sometimes to foreigners, who usually face long waiting times in their home countries for voluntary organ donation. ”The report points to the extremely short waiting times for organs in China: a few days for a kidney and one to two weeks for a liver Compared to, for example, 32.5 months in Canada. They stated that this was an indication that organs are being procured on demand. The report also notes that there has been a significant increase in annual organ transplants in China since 1999, marking the start of the persecution of Falun Gong. In June 2004, the Chinese People's Armed Police Medical Journal published that both Beijing Friendship Hospital and Guangzhou Nanfang Hospital had performed over 2,000 kidney transplants in 2000, while many other hospitals had over 1,000 transplants. Although the level of voluntary organ donation in China is very low (from 1980 to 2010 there were only 130 voluntary organ donors according to government figures), China carries out the second highest number of transplants performed annually in the world.

Chinese transplant centers : Kilgour and Matas also presented statements by Chinese transplant centers on their own websites that advertised immediate organ availability from living donors: The China International Transplantation Network Assistance Center advertised in January 2006 directly with prices for organs: A kidney was sold for $ 62,000 , offered a liver for $ 98,000 to $ 130,000 ... The hospital advertised it with the following words: “It only takes a month for a liver transplant, a maximum of two months. For kidney transplants, it takes a week to find a suitable donor, at most a month. "The organ offer was even provided with a guarantee:" If the doctor determines during the transplant that the donor organ is unsuitable, the patient will receive a offered by another organ donor and the operation repeated within a week. "

Telephone Interviews : In the report, Kilgour and Matas provided transcripts of telephone interviews in which prison and hospital staff told prospective transplant patients that they could receive Falun Gong organs. Excerpt: In March 2006, when asked, "Are there organs from Falun Gong [practitioners]?" , A doctor at the Organ Transplant Clinic at Zhongshan Hospital in Shanghai replied, "All we have are of this type." Monthly, an employee at Tongji Hospital in Wuhan City , Hunan Province , responded to the question, “We are looking for organs from living prisoners, such as the living bodies of prisoners who practice Falun Gong. Is that possible? "The information" This is not a problem. "In May, a doctor at the hospital Minzu said the city Nanning in the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region , the questions" Then they use organs from Falun Gong practitioners? "And" ... and they [the organs] are from healthy Falun Gong practitioners? ”with“ Right… ”or“ Right. We choose the good ones to ensure the quality of our surgery. ”When asked where the organs come from and how they are obtained, the doctor explained that they come from prisons and that he goes there himself to select them. And Mishan City Detention Center , Heilongjiang Province , answered questions in June 2006, “Do you have [organ] donors who are Falun Gong practitioners? ... How many Falun Gong practitioners [donors] under 40 do you have? "With" A lot. "

The authors further qualified their findings by having difficulties in verifying these allegations because, for example, independent bodies were not allowed to investigate the situation in China, evidence was difficult to obtain from eyewitnesses, official information about organ transplants was often withheld, and Kilgour and Matas themselves were not given a visa permit to go to China to investigate.

Second report

In the expanded issue, Bloody Harvest: Revised Report on Allegations of Organ Harvesting from Falun Gong Practitioners in China , published in January 2007 , Kilgour and Matas commented on the Chinese government's response. On July 6, 2006, the day after the investigation report was published, the Chinese government directly rejected it. On July 26th she reacted again, this time with criticism that had already been expressed in the first reaction. Kilgour and Matas expected the Chinese government to make arguments to refute the facts, but there were none. Instead, the response was marked by attacks against Falun Gong. For Kilgour and Matas, such attacks made it possible for Falun Gong practitioners to violate basic human rights. Ultimately, both investigators concluded that the Chinese government, by reacting unobjective and unconvincing, had reinforced the basis of the first report.

Criticized errors : China found two factual errors in the first edition of the investigation report, because Kilgour and Matas had assigned wrong provinces to two cities. The errors were in the headings but not in the text and have been corrected in the revised edition. The authors dismissed these errors as void as they had nothing to do with the analysis and conclusion of their report per se. However, the correction revealed that "the practice of organ harvesting from Falun Gong practitioners is more widespread than originally reported," according to Kilgour and Matas, because the practice of organ harvesting also occurred in Hubei Province , which was not previously considered. Another accusation made by China was false: the Chinese government alleged that the accusation of organ harvesting at Sujiatun Thrombosis Hospital was from Falun Gong. However, the accusation came from the wife of a surgeon who worked at the hospital, and both of them were not Falun Gong practitioners.

Organ Transplant Industry Facts : In the second report, Kilgour and Matas pointed out that the organ transplant industry was a booming business in China. Before 1999 there were only 22 liver transplant centers in China, but by April 2006 there were already 500. The number of kidney transplant centers rose from 106 in 2001 to 368 in 2005. Kilgour and Matas concluded that the establishment of such centers On the one hand, institutions represent a sign of the extent of the organ transplants that have been carried out, on the other hand, they are also an obligation to continue. For the investigators, the creation of complete organ transplant facilities indicated long-term planning.

Conclusion : In the absence of evidence to refute the organ harvesting allegations, such as a Chinese government register that identifies every organ donor and donation, Kilgour and Matas concluded that the organ harvesting allegations from living Falun Gong practitioners in China are true and that this practice is still going on. They called for a ban on Canadian citizens from traveling to China for a transplant.

By November 2014 this report had been translated into 21 languages.

Books

In 2009, Kilgour and Matas published an updated version of the investigation report as a book entitled Bloody Harvest: Killing Falun Gong for Your Organs . It contains new material and interviews and consists of two parts. The first part sets out the evidence. The second part details the responses the final report received. Add to this the publicity work with suggestions that Matas and Kilgour made to end the abuse that they had clearly identified.

In 2012, the book State Organs: Transplant Abuse in China , by David Matas and Torsten Trey, was published with contributions from a dozen experts.

In 2014, China analyst and investigative journalist Ethan Gutmann published his book " The Slaughter, " which contains his own eight-year investigation into organ harvesting from Falun Gong practitioners that was sparked by Kilgour and Matas' investigation report. Gutmann concluded that between 2000 and 2008, a total of 65,000 to 100,000 Falun Gong practitioners were killed for their organs, and that between 450,000 and one million Falun Gong practitioners were detained during that time.

In 2016 Kilgour, Matas and Gutmann published their joint research report "Bloody Harvest / The Slaughter - An Update" . The 680-page report is a forensic analysis from over 2,300 sources, consisting of publicly available figures from Chinese hospitals across China, which differ massively from government figures; Interviews with doctors who claim to have performed thousands of transplants; Media reports, public statements, medical journals and publicly available databases. According to the research report, approximately 1.5 million kidney and liver transplants have taken place in 712 hospitals across China between 2000 and 2015, meaning that between 60,000 and 100,000 organ transplants are performed in China every year.

Public Relations - Excerpt

After completing their investigation and submitting their findings to the United Nations, Kilgour and Matas traveled to over 50 Western and Asian countries to educate governments, human rights organizations, medical circles and the media about this state-sanctioned crime, which they themselves call a “new form of evil on our planet ”.

After Brussels, David Kilgour submitted the investigation report to the Foreign Office in Berlin on July 14, 2006 and then gave a press conference (David Matas was on his way to Hong Kong at the same time). Kilgour then flew to Paris and London, attended a transplant congress in Boston and then traveled to Washington, DC On December 1, 2009, David Kilgour addressed the European Parliament's subcommittee on human rights in Brussels. On November 20, 2013, David Kilgour presented his investigation report at a symposium in the Swedish Parliament.

On November 10, 2015, David Matas and David Kilgour pointed out in their speech at TEDxMunich that nothing has changed in the crime of state-sanctioned organ harvesting from Falun Gong practitioners, only some hospitals no longer continue to do so to openly advertise it. In addition, the Chinese government still fails to answer where the organs for the transplants come from.

On June 22nd, David Kilgour, David Matas and Ethan Gutmann published the jointly prepared investigation report "Bloody Harvest / The Slaughter - An Update" in the National Press Club in Washington, DC, and presented it to the European Parliament on June 29th.

Awards

• Awarding of the Human Rights Prize 2009 by the International Society for Human Rights (ISHR) in Switzerland
• Nomination for the Nobel Peace Prize 2010

Reactions

The allegations of involuntary organ harvesting from Falun Gong practitioners, which are listed in the Kilgour Matas Investigation Report, received significant media coverage, particularly in Canada, Europe and Australia. Several governments condemned the transplant tourism practices and urged the Chinese government to respond to the allegations. Chinese officials angrily denied the organ harvesting allegations made in this report. When the first report was released, China said it would uphold the World Health Organization's principles prohibiting the sale of human organs without the donor's written consent and condemned the report.

In addition to China, Russia's Justice Minister also banned the investigation report. The ban was upheld in December 2011 by an appeals court, which indicated that the report "paints a negative image of China, its social and political system, politicians, medical professionals, the military, etc." The ruling could also allow Kilgour and Matas to face criminal prosecution if they travel to Russia to present their investigation report. Matas commented on the judgment that it prohibits any criticism of China from within Russia.

observer

Dr. Thomas Lum of the US Congress' Scientific Service noted in his report that the investigation report was largely based on logical conclusions and that "many of the claims and arguments in the Kilgour-Matas report are widely accepted by international human rights experts." On the other hand, "transcripts of telephone conversations in which PRC respondents stated that organs removed from living Falun Gong inmates were used for transplants" did not appear credible, as "this apparent openness would be unlikely" in the " Given the Chinese government controls over sensitive information ”.

Rabbi Joseph Schalom Elyashiv forbade Jews to derive any benefit from Chinese organ harvesting, "not even in life-threatening situations." Other rabbis were against the use of Chinese organs for transplants.

Glen McGregor of the Ottawa Citizen newspaper had been invited by the Chinese Medical Association. After visiting Sujiatun, McGregor was skeptical about the logistical plausibility of the allegations. Depending on who is believed, the Kilgour-Matas Report is "either compelling evidence that the claims about Falun Gong are true ... or a collection of guesswork and inductive reasoning that cannot support your own conclusions."

David Ownby, a history professor at Montreal University and an expert on Falun Gong, believed that Falun Gong practitioners are likely candidates for organ harvesting in China's prisons. However, he found that the Falun Gong spokesmen had "exaggerated" the allegations of a concentration camp, which could cause them to lose credibility in the eyes of neutral observers, despite the real persecution Falun Gong has suffered.

In 2006, Amnesty International mentioned the published allegations that they were "continuing to analyze sources of information." AI's Gosteli Hauser noted in October 2015 that organ harvesting from executed people in China was still going on despite statements made by Huang Jiefu, head of the Chinese Organ Donation Committee are not prohibited by law.

Other investigators

After the organ harvesting allegation became known in March 2006 and after the Kilgour and Matas investigation report was published, additional investigators conducted independent investigations.

Kirk Allison, assistant director of the Human Rights and Medicine Program at the University of Minnesota , conducted his investigation before the Kilgour Matas investigation report was published and concluded that the organ harvesting from Falun Gong practitioners was actually taking place. Allison said in a US House hearing that the "short time span of a make-to-order system [like in China] requires a large supply of donors who have been pre-checked for blood type and HLA," and it would concur with Falun Gong's claims that there is systematic tissue typing of detained practitioners. Allison added that the time limit involved "cannot be guaranteed by any random cause of death". Doctors questioned by him about this matter had indicated that they were selecting live prisoners to ensure the quality and tolerability of the organs.

On May 19, 2006, Edward McMillan-Scott , then Vice President of the European Parliament and EU Rapporteur-designate on Democracy and Human Rights, traveled to China to personally investigate the persecution of Falun Gong and organ harvesting allegations. In his report, McMillan-Scott published a videotaped statement by a practitioner that his friend and fellow practitioner who was also detained in the cell disappeared one evening. He later saw his body in the prison hospital with holes in places where organs had previously been located.

China analyst and investigative journalist Ethan Gutmann conducted his own research on the basis of the Kilgour Matas report and concluded that a total of 65,000 Falun Gong practitioners were killed for their organs between 2000 and 2008, and between 450,000 and one million Falun Gong practitioners were detained. His result came close to Kilgour and Matas's estimate of 62,250 victims. In September 2014, he published his research in his book The Slaughter: Mass Killings, Organ Harvesting, and China's Secret Solution to Its Dissident Problem .

The anthropologist and investigative journalist Scott Carney added the allegations in his book The Red Market, writing, “Nobody said that the Chinese government was specifically after the organs of Falun Gong practitioners ... but it seems a remarkably practical and profitable way to be able to dispose of them. Dangerous political dissidents were executed while their organs were a convenient source of income for hospitals and surgeons, and organs are believed to have been given to many important Chinese officials. "

Medical professionals

The American National Kidney Foundation expressed its "deep concern over the recent allegations of the procurement of organs and tissues through coercive or exploitative practices" and that "any act that questions the ethical practice of organ donation and transplantation will be condemned by the global transplant society should."

In December 2006, the Australian Ministry of Health announced that two of the country's largest transplant hospitals were banning the training of Chinese surgeons in response to concerns about organ harvesting from Falun Gong practitioners and other inmates.

Tom Treasure of Guy's Hospital in London found the Kilgour-Matas report "medically credible". Factors that made the allegations plausible were for Treasure the distribution of the logistical elements and technical steps, as is generally prescribed for transplants; the need for rush; the numerical gap between the number of transplants reported compared to other countries; the short waiting times; the naturalness with which surgeries are offered in the global health market; and the routine blood tests of incarcerated Falun Gong followers, which are of no benefit to the victims, but are crucial for organ donation.

In December 2007, a petition signed by 140 Canadian doctors called on the Canadian government to “issue travel warnings and warn Canadians that organ transplants in China are obtained almost exclusively from people who do not consent, be it death row inmates or Falun Gong practitioners. Gong practitioners. "

Although the Chinese Medical Association had already told the World Medical Association in 2007 that organ transplants from executed prisoners must stop and that changes in regulations would prohibit transplant tourism, the transplant society received over 30 documents at a meeting in 2010 with the dates of hundreds of transplants that were performed in China where the donor source was likely to have been executed prisoners.

In 2012, the organization Doctors Against Organ Harvesting (DAFOH) submitted a petition with 2.5 million signatures to the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights in Geneva . This was the second largest petition in human history. In 2013, almost 1.5 million signatures, including over 300,000 from Europe, were again collected and presented to the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights. Both petitions called for an immediate end to organ harvesting from Falun Gong practitioners in China, an investigation into the arrest of those responsible for this crime, and an end to the Chinese government's persecution of Falun Gong.

In December 2015, leading medical and ethics experts commented on the situation in China in an article in BMC Medical Ethic and found that organs from prisoners are still being used for transplant purposes, which have simply been redesignated as "voluntary organ donation by citizens". This semantic trick is only used to colorize the use of organs by political prisoners sentenced to death.

In February 2016, Huige Li, Professor of Vascular Pharmacology at Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, explained in an interview with 3sat that telephone examinations at transplant centers in China showed that many of these centers are still providing organs very quickly. For example, a hospital out there Guangzhou in the province of Henan on, "they could even afford the luxury of only organs from living donors younger to take, ie under 40 years old." The hospital also pointed out that a liver is available within 3 to 5 days, sometimes within two weeks, very rarely more than a month.

Medical journals

Kilgour / Matas' investigations resulted in recognized medical journals no longer publishing articles on organ transplants in China due to the violation of medical ethics.

On February 22, 2011, doctors GM Danovitch, ME Shapiro and Jacob Lavee demanded in an article in the American Journal of Transplantation that Chinese transplant doctors should no longer publish articles in the AJT.

The Journal of Clinical Investigation stated in 2012 that China "violates basic human rights and basic ethical rules of transplant medicine and medical ethics, and that prisoners are also killed whose 'crime' is to have a certain political or spiritual belief." ... " We strongly condemn this practice and with immediate effect we will no longer accept any manuscripts on human organ transplants unless adequate, non-enforced consent from the donor is presented and conclusively justified. "

In October 2011, in the medical journal The Lancet , a group of prominent American surgeons and bioethicists called for a boycott of Chinese science and medicine regarding the organ transplant area: “Based on the information provided by China, it is clear that not all organs are available to Chinese citizens and transplant tourists come from voluntary organ donors. The sources of many of these organs come from executed inmates whose consent is either absent or ethically invalid and whose death may be coordinated with the expediency of a waiting organ recipient. ”The lead author of the article, Dr. Arthur Caplan later added, "The killing of inmates for their organs is unethical in itself, but the practice is even more appalling as some of the executed inmates were imprisoned for their religious or political beliefs."

On February 9, 2015, the ÄrzteZeitung published an article by Huige Li on the current transplant system in China. Li confirms that there has not yet been any real change in behavior in China.

Countries and organizations

Based on the investigation report, governments and organizations conducted their own hearings and investigations, which led to resolutions, bills and laws.

United Nations : Between 2006 and 2008, UN Special Rapporteurs urged the Chinese government to raise questions about organ sources; the short waiting times to find perfectly coordinated organs; and to answer the connection between the sudden surge in organ transplants in China and the start of the persecution of Falun Gong practitioners. These inquiries have not been answered satisfactorily by the Chinese authorities to date (2017). In November 2008, the UN Committee against Torture also expressed concern about the allegations, calling on China to "immediately conduct an independent investigation into the allegations" and take steps "to ensure that those responsible for the mistreatment are charged and punished . "

European Parliament : The European Parliament passed a resolution on December 12, 2013 condemning organ harvesting from Falun Gong prisoners of conscience. In the resolution, it expressed, among other things, “its deep concern at the persistent and credible reports of systematic, state-approved organ harvesting from conscientious objectors in the People's Republic of China that are carried out without the consent of those concerned, including large amounts of Falun Gong. Followers detained for their religious beliefs and members of other religious and ethnic minorities. ”The resolution called for the immediate release of all prisoners of conscience and urged China to respond to United Nations inquiries about organ sources used in transplants. This resolution was u. a. transmitted to the Secretary-General of the United Nations, the United Nations Human Rights Council, the Government of the People's Republic of China and the Chinese National People's Congress.

Australia : On March 21, 2013, the Australian Senate unanimously passed a motion regarding reports of organ harvesting in China. The motion was presented to the Senate the day after a parliamentary hearing on organ harvesting from Falun Gong detainees, which called on the Australian government to introduce strict laws against international organ trafficking.

France : In September 2010, a bill against organ transplant tourism was introduced to the French National Assembly. In the reasoning for this draft it is pointed out that organs from living donors are often used against their will and this relates in particular to the situation of Falun Gong practitioners in China. Several studies have revealed the existence of organ use by members of this community. The draft law requires patients to prove the source of the organs they received prior to transplantation or no later than 30 days after their return, and physicians are required to report patients who have undergone a transplant abroad to the biomedical authority.

Ireland : In July 2017 the Irish Parliament held a hearing before the Oireachtas Joint Committee on Foreign Affairs, Trade and Defense . Participants included Ethan Gutmann, David Matas and transplant surgeons Conall O'Seaghdha and James McDaid; Brendan Smith chaired the committee. Ethan Gutmann pointed out that dissidents are still the target of organ harvesting in China, and that China's $ 8 to 9 billion transplant industry continues as normal. David Matas called for disclosure of China's transplant registries, and Irish legislation banning organ advertising, brokering and trafficking and prosecuting anyone traveling to China for an organ transplant. Kidney transplant surgeon James McDaid pointed out that China “is unprecedented in the execution of prisoners for the sale of their organs. Members of multiple ethnic and religious groups are imprisoned for their beliefs and mercilessly executed to use their organs for transplants. ”McDaid reported that the Vatican invited two Chinese surgeons to the“ International Organ Trade and Transplant Tourism ”conference in February 2017 , who“ openly admitted the unethical executions of prisoners for organs ”. Conall O'Seaghdha, Medical Director of the National Kidney Transplant Service in Ireland, condemned the practice of transplant tourism and called for an end to the shameless organ harvesting from living people in China. Brendan Smith pointed out that a European agreement against trafficking in human organs had already been adopted in 2015 and that he would inform the Minister of Health about the hearing in order to move forward with legislation. Smith was sure of the support of the two chambers of the Oireachtas. In addition, he wanted to call on the Foreign Minister to discuss this subject at the Council of Foreign Ministers of the European Union.

Israel : In 2007, the Chinese Embassy tried to prevent the Israeli government from having a discussion with David Matas about the organ harvesting investigation report. Israel met Matas despite China's threats that this testimony would adversely affect China's relations with Israel. In May 2008, Israel's legislative body, the Knesset , passed a new transplant law that exempts insurance companies from paying for overseas transplants if an organ transplant was performed in a country known for organ trafficking. At the same time, organ trafficking and remuneration for organs were made a criminal offense. On the one hand, the law was the result of the story of a patient who traveled to China in 2005 to have a heart there. The patient reported to his Israeli doctor, Dr. Lavee that the organ transplant had been scheduled two weeks beforehand, which led to the question of how a heart transplant can be made to order. Second, it was in response to an investigation into which the Israeli authorities arrested several men who were involved in arranging transplants of Chinese prisoner organs for Israelis. A man involved in the organ trade admitted in secret interrogation that the organs come from "people who oppose the regime, have been sentenced to death and from Falun Gong inmates."

Italy : In March 2014, the Italian Human Rights Commission unanimously passed a resolution calling for the immediate release of Falun Gong practitioners and other prisoners of conscience in China. On November 23, 2016, the Italian Chamber of Deputies unanimously passed the Criminal Code Article 601, which was introduced in March 2015. The law punishes anyone who illegally trades, sells or acquires organs of a living person with a prison sentence of three to twelve years and a fine from 50,000 to 300,000 euros. If the offense is committed by a person working in the healthcare sector, this person will be excluded from the relevant professional association. If the crime is committed by a criminal organization, the sentence is 5 to 15 years in prison.

Canada : In 2007, the Chinese Embassy in Canada tried to prevent the broadcast of a documentary about Falun Gong and the organ harvesting that was scheduled by the national television company, CBC Television .

Borys Wrzesnewskyj , Member of the Canadian Parliament , introduced a bill based on the Kilgour-Matas Report 2008 (Bill C-500) that made it illegal for Canadians to have an organ transplant abroad if the organ has been removed by involuntary victims was. In 2009, Wrzesnewskyi introduced Bill C-381, which prohibits organ trafficking and the receipt of organs from involuntary donors. In 2013, Liberal MP Irwin Cotler followed suit with Bill C-561, which addresses the trafficking and transplantation of human organs and other parts of the body to “create criminal penalties for anyone who knowingly participated in medical transplants in Canada or outside Canada human organs or other parts of the body are involved that were removed or acquired as a result of a direct or indirect financial transaction without the donor's consent ”.

On March 12, 2014, during the Universal Periodic Review process (a meeting of the UN Human Rights Council in Geneva) , the Canadian government re-raised the issue of organ harvesting from Falun Gong practitioners. Anne-Tamara Lorre, Canada's Human Rights Representative at the United Nations, said, “We remain concerned that Falun Gong practitioners and other religious followers in China are facing persecution, and reports that organ transplants are taking place without free and informed Consent held by the donor are troubling. ”In the same year Canada passed a resolution calling for an end to the abuse of transplant methods against religious and ethnic minorities.

On April 4, 2017, Canadian Conservative MP Garnett Genuis reactivated Bill C-561 from 2013. Garnett told the press that he was pursuing two issues in reactivating the bill: First, that it was a criminal offense for Canadian citizens To obtain organs that you know or should know are being illegally obtained; second, it relates to Chinese officials and other leaders in a country. The law does not directly designate a country, but it is obvious that it is a major issue in China.

Spain passed a law on June 22, 2010 banning its citizens from traveling abroad to receive illegal organ transplants. The law was proposed on November 17, 2009 after a newspaper report said that a Spanish citizen had traveled to Tianjin, China to receive a liver transplant for $ 130,000 within 20 days. The law prohibits trafficking in human organs with prison terms of up to twelve years.

Austria : On April 7th, 2017, the Vienna City Council unanimously passed a motion in which it “removed the systematic, state-approved organ removal from prisoners in the People's Republic of China without the consent of those affected, as well as, on a large scale, from Falun Gong followers and perpetrated against members of politically persecuted as well as religious and ethnic minorities ”. As a result, Vienna became the first capital of an EU member state to support the implementation of the resolution of the EU Parliament of December 12, 2013 on a regional level.

Taiwan : Taiwan, in October 2006, "severely condemned" China's removal of human organs from executed Falun Gong practitioners. Taiwan's Ministry of Health urged Taiwanese doctors to discourage their patients from having commercial organ transplants in mainland China. In June 2015, Taiwan passed an amendment to its transplant law that bans the sale and purchase of organs, including from overseas. The law also prohibits the use of organs from executed prisoners.

United States of America : The US first included accusations of organ harvesting in the 2009 Executive Commission report on China , and later in the US State Department 's 2011 country report on human rights in China .

On September 12, 2012, Dana Rohrabacher , a member of the US House of Representatives, said during a joint hearing before the Foreign Affairs Committee, “The CCP and its national security machine use a wide range of repression techniques such as censorship, beatings, house arrest, forced labor camps, etc. The most horrific manifestation of this gangsterism, however, is the harvesting of organs from political prisoners and incarcerated religious followers, especially the Chinese religious movement Falun Gong. ... Cutting open the body of a person engaging in religious, personal or political ideas is contrary to the wishes of the ruling elite. Cutting open the body of such a person, especially if the religious or political belief is pacifist and does not pose a threat to the regime, is the most egregious crime I can imagine. "

In July 2014, the U.S. House of Representatives' Foreign Affairs Subcommittee unanimously passed a resolution condemning state-sanctioned organ harvesting from Falun Gong inmates and minority members, and calling for an end to the abuse of transplant methods against religious and ethnic minorities. In response to the resolution of the United States House of Representatives, a spokesman for the Chinese Embassy in the United States said that "the so-called organ procurement from prisoners sentenced to death is a fabricated lie by Falun Gong." In addition, representatives from the Chinese Embassy urged American lawmakers to stop supporting Falun Gong or to "join forces" with them.

After a hearing in the Foreign Affairs Sub-Committee of the US House of Representatives on the 2015 Human Rights Report and the human rights situation in China, in March 2016 the House of Commons passed a revision of Resolution 343 of June 2015, which prohibits state-sanctioned organ harvesting from Falun Gong prisoners and other minorities convicted again and called on the US State Department to carry out a detailed analysis of the crime and publish it in the annual human rights report. Furthermore, entry into the USA is to be banned for Chinese who are involved in organ harvesting. This resolution was passed unanimously by the US House of Representatives on June 13, 2016. Chinese Embassy spokesman Zhu Haiquan replied to the resolution that the allegations were fabricated and baseless. He called Falun Gong an anti-China movement and again asked Congress to withdraw its support for this spiritual practice that combines meditation with qigong exercises and a moral philosophy based on the principles of honesty and kindness.

Kilgour-Matas-Gutmann investigation report

→ Main article : Kilgour-Matas-Gutmann investigation report

On June 22nd, David Kilgour, David Matas and Ethan Gutmann published the jointly prepared investigation report "Bloody Harvest / The Slaughter - An Update". The 680-page report provides forensic analysis from over 2,300 sources, including publicly available figures from Chinese hospitals, interviews with doctors claiming to have performed thousands of transplants; Media reports, public statements, medical journals and publicly available databases.

According to the investigation report, between 60,000 and 100,000 organ transplants have been performed annually at 712 liver and kidney transplant centers across China since 2000 to 2016, so that to date almost 1.5 million organ transplants have been performed without China having a functioning organ donation system.

The report finds that the number of organ transplants in China is far higher than the Chinese government said; the organ sources for this high number of organ transplants come from killed innocent Uyghurs, Tibetans, members of Christian house churches, and mainly Falun Gong practitioners; and organ harvesting is a crime in China involving the Communist Party, state institutions, the health system, hospitals and transplant doctors.

Chronological sequence of reactions to the investigation report

2006 to 2010

• March 2006: The wife of a Chinese surgeon in Canada alleged that she was harvesting organs from Falun Gong practitioners in China.

• May 2006: Edward McMillan-Scott, Vice President of the European Parliament, traveled to China to personally investigate the persecution of Falun Gong and the organ harvesting allegations. David Kilgour and David Matas were asked by CIPFG to investigate allegations of organ harvesting from Falun Gong practitioners in China. The World Medical Association once again urged China to stop using prisoners' organs.

• July 2006: Kilgour and Matas presented their investigation report to the public. China's embassy in Canada denied the organ harvesting allegations. China analyst and investigative journalist Ethan Gutmann began his own investigation into the organ harvesting allegations. Between 2006 and 2008, UN Special Rapporteurs called on the Chinese government several times to refute the allegations.

• August 2006: Dr. Thomas Lum of the US Congress' Scientific Service mentioned that the investigation report was based on logical conclusions, but he found the transcripts of phone calls to be untrustworthy due to Chinese government controls over sensitive information. The American National Kidney Foundation was deeply concerned about the allegations.

• September 2006: Kirk C. Allison, assistant director of the human rights and medicine program at the University of Minnesota, said in a hearing before the House of Representatives that doctors he interviewed advised that they were selecting live prisoners for quality and health To ensure compatibility of the organs.

• October 2006: Amnesty International announced the allegations that they would continue to analyze them. Taiwan condemned China's removal of human organs from executed Falun Gong practitioners, and Taiwan's Ministry of Health urged Taiwanese doctors to discourage their patients from having organ transplants in mainland China.

• December 2006: The Australian Ministry of Health announced that two of Australia's largest transplant hospitals had banned the training of Chinese surgeons based on the allegations.

• January 2007: The expanded edition of Kilgour and Matas' investigation report was presented to the public.

• March 2007: Tom Treasure from Guy's Hospital in London considered the Kilgour-Matas report to be credible due to logistical elements and technical steps involved in organ transplants. The Chinese Medical Association told the World Medical Association that organ transplants from executed prisoners must stop.

• April 2007: China's embassy in Canada again denied the organ harvesting allegations. The Chinese embassy in Israel tried to prevent the Israeli government from having a discussion with David Matas about the investigation report, but Matas was received by Israel despite China's threats.

• June 2007: Rabbi Joseph Shalom Elyashiv forbade Jews to benefit from Chinese organ harvesting. Other rabbis also oppose the use of Chinese organs for transplants.

• November 2007: Glen McGregor of the Ottawa Citizen newspaper was invited by the Chinese Medical Association. He then found that, depending on who was believed, the Kilgour-Matas Report was either compelling evidence of the allegations or just a collection of guesswork and inductive reasoning. The Chinese Embassy in Canada tried to prevent a documentary about Falun Gong and the organ harvesting from being broadcast.

• December 2007: A petition from 140 Canadian doctors called on the Canadian government to warn Canadians that in China, organs for transplants are obtained almost exclusively from people who do not consent.

• February 2008: Borys Wrzesnewskyj, Member of the Canadian Parliament, introduced a bill to prohibit Canadians from having an organ transplant abroad if the organ comes from involuntary victims.

• March 2008: David Ownby, a history professor at Montreal University and an expert on Falun Gong, expressed the view that Falun Gong practitioners are likely candidates for organ harvesting in China's prisons, but that the spokesmen for Falun Gong exaggerated the allegations of a concentration camp which could make them lose credibility despite the real persecution.

• May 2008: Israel's legislature passed a new transplant law banning organ trafficking and exempting insurance companies from paying for overseas transplants if done in a country known for organ trafficking.

• August 2008: Kilgour and Matas pointed out additional evidence in a press release that confirmed their findings.

• November 2008: The UN Committee against Torture expressed concern about the organ harvesting allegations and requested China to conduct an independent investigation and prosecute those responsible.

• May 2009: Canadian MP Borys Wrzesnewskyj introduced Bill C-381 to prohibit organ trafficking and the receipt of organs from involuntary donors.

• October 2009: Kilgour and Matas published their investigation report with further evidence in book form.

• November 2009: A law was proposed in Spain to ban trafficking in human organs.

• January 2010: Kilgour and Matas received the 2009 Human Rights Prize from the International Society for Human Rights (ISHR) in Switzerland

• February 2010: Kilgour and Matas were nominated for the 2010 Nobel Peace Prize. The US first included organ harvesting allegations in the 2009 Executive Commission report on China .

• June 2010: Spain passed a law banning its citizens from traveling abroad to receive illegal organ transplants.

• September 2010: A bill against organ transplant tourism was introduced in the French National Assembly, which requires patients to provide evidence of the source of the organ and imposes an obligation on doctors to notify their patients who have received a transplant abroad.

• November 2010: The transplant company received over 30 documents at a gathering containing the dates of hundreds of transplants performed in China where the donor source was believed to have been executed prisoners.

2011 to 2015

• February 2011: The doctors GM Danovitch, ME Shapiro and Jacob Lavee demanded in an article in the American Journal of Transplantation that Chinese transplant doctors are no longer allowed to publish articles in the AJT.

• May 2011: Anthropologist and investigative journalist Scott Carney mentions in his book The Red Market the organ harvesting allegations and that it seemed "a remarkably practical and profitable way" to "dispose of" Falun Gong practitioners while "many important Chinese ones Officials [presumably] organs ”received.

• October 2011: American surgeons and bioethicists called for a boycott of Chinese science and medicine in the field of organ transplants in the medical journal The Lancet . Arthur Caplan added that killing inmates was already unethical for their organs. However, this practice is even more horrific, as some of the executed were imprisoned for their religious or political beliefs.

• January 2012: The Journal of Clinical Investigation condemned China's violations of fundamental human rights, transplant medicine ethics, and medical ethics, and refused to accept any manuscripts from Chinese transplant surgeons that failed to provide conclusive evidence of the involuntary organ donation.

• May 2012: The United States included organ harvesting allegations in the US State Department 's 2011 Country Report on Human Rights in China .

• September 2012: Dana Rohrabacher, a member of the US House of Representatives, said during a joint hearing before the Foreign Affairs Committee that the most horrific manifestation of gangsterism by the Chinese Communist Party and its state security machine is the harvesting of organs from political prisoners and incarcerated religious followers, especially Chinese religious Falun Gong movement.

• March 2013: The Australian Senate unanimously passed a motion on the reports of organ harvesting in China calling on the Australian government to introduce tough laws against international organ trafficking.

• December 2013: The Association Doctors Against Organ Harvesting (DAFOH) submitted a petition to the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights in Geneva calling for an immediate end to organ harvesting from Falun Gong practitioners in China and for everyone involved to be punished. In total, almost 1.5 million people supported the petition, including over 300,000 from Europe. Canadian Liberal MP Irwin Cotler introduced Bill C-561, which related to trafficking in human beings and the transplantation of human organs without the donor's consent.

• December 2013: The European Parliament passed a resolution on December 12th condemning organ harvesting from Falun Gong prisoners of conscience and calling on China to release all prisoners of conscience and to respond to United Nations inquiries about organ sources used in transplants.

• March 2014: The Italian Human Rights Commission unanimously passed a resolution calling for the immediate release of Falun Gong practitioners and other prisoners of conscience in China. The Canadian government brought up the subject of organ harvesting from Falun Gong practitioners again during the Universal Periodic Review process . The Canadian documentary Human Harvest (also called Davids and Goliath) is shown at film festivals. The documentation follows the investigation report on the allegations of organ harvesting, with interviews with Kilgour, Matas, doctors and patients.

• July 2014: The US House of Representatives' Foreign Affairs Subcommittee unanimously passed a resolution condemning state-sanctioned organ harvesting from Falun Gong inmates and members of minorities. The Chinese Embassy in the US responded to the resolution that the allegations were "a fabricated lie by Falun Gong" and called on the US to stop supporting Falun Gong.

• August 2014: China analyst Ethan Gutmann published his research in his book The Slaughter: Mass Killings, Organ Harvesting, and China's Secret Solution to Its Dissident Problem , and found that between 2000 and 2008 there were a total of 65,000 Falun Gong practitioners were killed for their organs.

• November 2014: Canada passed a resolution in November calling for an end to the abuse of transplant methods against religious and ethnic minorities.

• February 2015: The ÄrzteZeitung published an article by Huige Li, in which he confirmed that there has been no real change in behavior in China's transplant system to date.

• March 2015: The Italian Senate passed a bill banning the trafficking of organs from living donors.

• June 2015: Taiwan changed its transplant law, prohibiting the sale and purchase of organs.

• October 2015: Amnesty International's Gosteli Hauser stated that there is still no legal ban on organ harvesting from executed people in China.

• November 2015: Kilgour and Matas pointed out to TEDxMünchen that the state-sanctioned organ harvesting from Falun Gong practitioners was still taking place, only that it was no longer being advertised "so blatantly". In addition, the Chinese government has still not explained where the organs for the transplants come from.

• December 2015: Medical leaders and ethics experts stated in BMC Medical Ethic that China is still using organs from inmates for transplant purposes, which have simply been redesignated as “voluntary organ donation by citizens”.

2016 to 2017

• February 2016: 3sat broadcast the German adaptation of the Canadian documentary Human Harvest with the title “Disused - Organs on Order”. This was followed by the talk show "scobel: Organ trafficking - The Value of Man", in which both organ trafficking as a modern variant of slavery and the reasons for the emergence of this "particularly brutal form of social Darwinism" were discussed.

• March 2016: The U.S. House of Representatives' foreign affairs subcommittee, following a hearing on the 2015 Human Rights Report and the human rights situation in China, passed revised Resolution 343, which condemned the state-sanctioned organ harvesting from Falun Gong prisoners and other minorities. Resolution 343 was passed unanimously by the US House of Representatives in June. The Chinese embassy replied to the resolution that the allegations were fabricated and baseless.

• April 2016: 12 EU MPs from five political groups submitted the “Written Declaration 48 on Measures against Organ Harvesting from Prisoners of Conscience in China”, which was approved by a majority of MPs. The Written Declaration 48 invited the Commission and the Council of the European Parliament, to implement Parliament's resolution of 12 December 2013 organ harvesting in China.

• June 2016: David Kilgour, David Matas and Ethan Gutmann published the jointly prepared investigation report "Bloody Harvest / The Slaughter - An Update", which is a forensic analysis from over 2,300 sources and proved, among other things, that in the period from 2000 to 2015, 712 Liver and kidney transplant centers across China, nearly 1.5 million organ transplants have been performed without China's supposed to have a functioning organ donation system.

• October 2016: An organ harvesting in China debate was held in the UK House of Commons, dealing with organ harvesting from Falun Gong practitioners in China. Participants were introduced to the history of research findings published by Kilgour, Matas, Gutmann, and other investigators. A few days later the debate was broadcast on the British television broadcaster BBC. In the same month, international investigators met in Berlin to share their findings on organ harvesting from Falun Gong practitioners and other dissidents in China. Among the speakers were Dr. Zhiyuan Wang and Professor Sen Nieh from the World Organization to Investigate the Persecution of Falun Gong (WOIPFG), Ethan Gutmann, Martin Patzelt from the Federal Government's Human Rights Committee, MEP Arne Gericke, former Vice President of the European Union Edward McMillan-Scott and Arne Schwarz

• November 2016: The Italian Chamber of Deputies unanimously passed the Criminal Law Article 601, which punishes any person who illegally trades, sells or acquires organs of living people. The sentence includes three to twelve years imprisonment and a fine of 50,000 to 300,000 euros.

• December 2016: Ruth Rissing-van Saan, the head of the Transplant Medicine Trust, stated that she was concerned about the "apparently unhindered possible organ trade between individuals and / or organized associations", which is also noticeable in Germany and is aimed specifically at institutions and individuals "which are clearly integrated into German transplant medicine." Hans Lilie, Chairman of the Standing Commission for Organ Transplantation of the German Medical Association , announced that the guidelines for transplants should be revised by the end of 2017.

• April 2017: The Canadian MP of the Conservative Party Garnett Genuis reactivated Bill C-561 of 2013. In the same month, the Vienna City Council unanimously passed a motion that the Chinese state "approved organ harvesting from prisoners ... on a large scale to Falun Gong - Followers of and members of politically persecuted as well as religious and ethnic minorities ”. pronounces.

• July 2017: A hearing on organ harvesting in China was held before the Foreign Affairs, Trade and Defense Committee of the Irish Parliament. Participants included Ethan Gutmann, David Matas, and transplant surgeon James McDaid. According to Gutmann, China's $ 8 to 9 billion transplant industry continues as usual. Matas called for Irish legislation banning the advertising, placement and trading of organs. For James McDaid, China is "unprecedented in the execution of prisoners for the sale of their organs". According to McDaid, the head of China's organ donation committee, Huang Jiefu, "openly admitted the unethical executions of prisoners for organs" in February.

See also

• Human Harvest , 2014 Peabody Award Winner for Documentary Films
• Kilgour-Matas-Gutmann investigation report
• Organ harvesting from Falun Gong practitioners in China
• Organ transplant in China

literature

• David Kilgour, David Matas: Bloody Harvest: The Killing of Falun Gong for Their Organs. Seraphim Edition, 2009, ISBN 978-0980887976 .
• David A. Palmer: Qigong Fever: Body, Science, and Utopia in China. Columbia University Press, New York 2007, ISBN 978-0-231-14066-9 .
• David Matas, Torsten Trey: State Organs: Transplant Abuse in China. Seraphim Edition, 2012, ISBN 978-1927079119 .
• David Ownby: Falun Gong and the Future of China. Oxford University Press, 2008, ISBN 978-0-19-532905-6 .
• Ethan Gutmann: The Slaughter: Mass Killings, Organ Harvesting, and China's Secret Solution to Its Dissident Problem. Prometheus Books, 2014, ISBN 978-1616149406 .
• Mickey Spiegel: Dangerous Meditation: China's Campaign Against Falungong . Human Rights Watch, 2002, ISBN 978-1564322692 .
• Samuel Totten and Paul Robert Bartrop: Dictionary of Genocide. Greewood Publishing Group, 2008, ISBN 978-0313329678 .
• Scott Carney: The Red Market: On the Trail of the World's Organ Brokers, Bone Thieves, Blood Farmers, and Child Traffickers. William Morrow, 2011, ISBN 978-0061936463 .

Web links

• Kilgour Matas Investigation Report website , organharvestinvestigation.net
• REPORT INTO ALLEGATIONS OF ORGAN HARVESTING OF FALUN GONG PRACTITIONERS IN CHINA - July 6, 2006 issue with appendices , David Kilgour and David Matas, July 6, 2006
• Investigation Report on Allegations of Organ Harvesting from Falun Gong Practitioners in China, July 6, 2006 , David Kilgour and David Matas, July 6, 2006 (PDF)
• REPORT INTO ALLEGATIONS OF ORGAN HARVESTING OF FALUN GONG PRACTITIONERS IN CHINA - Issue January 31, 2007 with attachments , David Kilgour and David Matas, January 31, 2007, as PDF (English)
• Bloody Harvest: Investigation Report into Allegations of Organ Harvesting from Falun Gong Practitioners in China, Extended Edition January 31, 2007 , David Kilgour and David Matas, January 31, 2007, (PDF)
• Kilgour Matas Gutmann Investigation Report website , endorganpillaging.org
• Bloody Harvest / The Slaughter - An Update , Endorganpillaging, June 22, 2016, as PDF
• Ethan Gutmann, China's Gruesome Organ Harvest. The whole world isn't watching. Why not? , The Weekly Standard, Nov. 24, 2008
• Philip Pan, John Pomfret, Torture is Breaking Falun Gong , Washington Post, August 5, 2000
• Mickey Spiegel, Dangerous Meditation: China's Campaign Against Falungong , Human Rights Watch, January 2002
• T. Treasure: The Falun Gong, organ transplantation, the holocaust and ourselves. In: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine. Volume 100, number 3, March 2007, pp. 119-121, doi : 10.1177 / 014107680710000308 , PMID 17339305 , PMC 1809171 (free full text).

Individual evidence

1. ↑ ^{a b c d e f g h i j k l} David Kilgour and David Matas, BLOODY HARVEST: Investigation Report into Allegations of Organ Harvesting from Falun Gong Practitioners in China - January 31, 2007 , November 2007, organharvestinvestigation.net, December 31, 2007 January 2007, accessed June 10, 2017
2. ↑ ^{a b c d e} David Kilgour and David Matas, Investigation Report on Allegations of Organ Harvesting from Falun Gong Practitioners in China , organharvestinvestigation.net, July 6, 2006, accessed June 10, 2017
3. ↑ ^{a b} "Chinese embassy denies organ harvesting report" ( Memento of July 11, 2006 in the Internet Archive ), CTV.ca, July 6, 2006, accessed on June 10, 2017
4. ↑ ^{a b} Canadian Press, Report claims China kills prisoners to harvest organs for transplant ( Memento of March 12, 2007 in the Internet Archive ), canada.com, July 7, 2006, accessed June 10, 2017
5. ↑ ^{a b c d} Thomas Lum, Congressional Research Report # RL33437 ( Memento of September 27, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) (PDF), usembassy.it, August 11, 2006, accessed on June 10, 2017
6. ^ "High degree of organization": Interview with the UN Special Rapporteur on Organ Harvesting in China , david-kilgour.com, March 12, 2007, accessed on June 10, 2017
7. ↑ ^{a b c d} United Nations Committee Against Torture, CONSIDERATION OF REPORTS SUBMITTED BY STATES PARTIES UNDER ARTICLE 19 OF THE CONVENTION: Concluding observations of the Committee against Torture , 41st Session, Geneva, 3. – 21. November 2008, accessed June 10, 2017
8. ↑ ^{a b c} National Kidney Foundation Statement about Alleged Human Rights Violations in Organ Donation ( September 25, 2006 memento in the Internet Archive ), National Kidney Foundation, August 14, 2006, accessed June 10, 2017
9. ↑ Chinese Embassy in Canada, Response to the so called "China's organ harvesting report" , July 6, 2006, archived from the original on September 3, 2006, accessed June 10, 2017
10. ↑ Exposing the Lies of "Falun Gong" Cult , china-embassy.org, accessed June 10, 2017
11. ↑ ^{a b} Joseph Brean, 'Extremist' writings of ex-Canadian MP, lawyer banned in Russia because of criticisms of China , National Post, December 24, 2011, accessed June 10, 2017
12. ↑ ^{a b c d} Kirk C. Allison, Falun Gong, Organ Harvesting in China, and the Human Rights Case for an Independent Congressional Investigation - testimony submitted by Kirk C. Allison (PDF) ( Memento of April 8, 2008 in the Internet Archive ) , Open Hearing of the Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations, University of Minnesota, September 29, 2006, accessed July 7, 2017
13. ↑ ^{a b c} Edward McMillan-Scott, EP Vice-President's Investigative Report on Organ Harvesting in China , The Epoch Times, July 7, 2006, accessed July 27, 2017.
14. ^ ^{A b c} Edward McMillan-Scott, "Boycott the Games," The Guardian, April 4, 2008, accessed July 27, 2017
15. ↑ ^{a b} Ethan Gutmann, China's Gruesome Organ Harvest. The whole world isn't watching. Why not? , Weekly Standard, accessed June 10, 2017
16. ↑ Julia Duin, Chinese accused of vast trade in organs , The Washington Times, April 27, 2010, accessed June 10, 2017
17. ↑ ^{a b c d} David Matas, David Kilgour: Bloody Harvest - The killing of Falun Gong for their organs . Seraphim Editions, 2009, ISBN 978-0-9808879-7-6 (English, 232 pages).
18. ↑ ^{a b} Chinese accused of vast trade in organs , The Washington Times, April 27, 2010, accessed June 30, 2017
19. ↑ Santin, Aldo, Winnipeg lawyer nominated for Nobel Peace Prize , Winnipeg Free Press, February 19, 2010, accessed June 10, 2017
20. ^ Aldo Santin, Crusader up for Nobel Prize Lawyer lauded for investigating abuses in China , Winnipeg Free Press, February 20, 2010, accessed June 10, 2017
21. ↑ David Ownby, Falun Gong and the Future of China , New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 2008, ISBN 978-0-19-532905-6 , accessed June 16, 2017
22. ↑ David Palmer, Qigong Fever: Body, Science and Utopia in China , New York, NY: Columbia University Press, 2007, ISBN 0-231-14066-5 , accessed June 16, 2017
23. ↑ ^{a b} Falun Gong: An Ancient Tradition for Mind, Body, and Spirit ( Memento of the original from May 2, 2017 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , Falun Dafa Information Center, April 9, 2015, accessed June 16, 2017 
24. ↑ ^{a b} Benjamin Penny, The Religion of Falun Gong , University of Chicago Press, March 1, 2012, accessed June 16, 2017
25. ↑ David A. Palmer, Qigong Fever: Body, Science, and Utopia in China , New York: Columbia University Press, p. 265, March 2007, ISBN 9780231140669 , accessed June 16, 2017
26. ↑ David A. Palmer, Qigong Fever: Body, Science, and Utopia in China , New York: Columbia University Press, March 2007, ISBN 9780231140669 , accessed June 16, 2017
27. ^ An opiate of the masses ?, US News & World Report, February 22, 1999
28. ↑ Phillip Adams, Media and Internet Censorship in China , Late Night Live, Radio National Australia, September 4, 2007, accessed June 16, 2017
29. ↑ David A. Palmer, Qigong Fever: Body, Science, and Utopia in China , New York: Columbia University Press, p. 266, March 2007, ISBN 9780231140669 , accessed June 16, 2017
30. Jump up ↑ Mickey Spiegel, Dangerous Meditation: China's Campaign Against Falungong , Human Rights Watch, 2002. ISBN 1-56432-269-6 , accessed June 16, 2017
31. ↑ ^{a b} Annual Report 2008 , Congressional-Executive Commission on China, October 31, 2008, accessed June 16, 2017
32. ↑ Sarah Cook and Leeshai Lemish, The 610 Office: Policing the Chinese Spirit , China Brief, Volume 11, Issue 17, November 9, 2011, accessed June 10, 2017
33. ↑ James Tong, Revenge of the Forbidden City , Oxford University Press, 2009, accessed June 10, 2017
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147. ^ ^{A b} French National Assembly, "Proposition de loi N ° 2797 visant à lutter contre le tourisme de transplantation d'organes" , September 16, 2010, accessed on December 12, 2015
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156. ↑ ^{a b} Stretta contro il traffico di organi: sì della Camera alla legge, carcere fino a 12 anni , Rai News, November 23, 2016, accessed on December 6, 2016.
157. ^ ^{A b} Italy: Law Against Organ Trafficking , Falun Dafa Information Center, December 3, 2016, accessed May 23, 2017.
158. ^ ^{A b} Ian Austen, "Chinese Call Prompts CBC to Pull Show," New York Times, November 9, 2007, accessed December 12, 2015
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171. ↑ ^{a b c} Ley Orgánica 5/2010, de 22 de junio, por la que se modifica la Ley Orgánica 10/1995, de 23 de noviembre, del Código Penal , Agencia Estatal Boletín Oficial del Estado, June 22, 2010, accessed on March 8, 2017.
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181. ↑ ^{a b} Dana Rohrabacher
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208. ↑ Written declaration 48-2016 Result: 413 votes , European Parliament, accessed on July 28, 2016
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214. ↑ ^{a b} Annual Report 2015/2016 of the German Medical Association ( Memento from August 4, 2017 in the Internet Archive ), December 6, 2016, accessed on December 10, 2016.
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216. ↑ Video of the statement by the head of the Transplantation Medicine Trust Center Rissing-van Saan , Youtube, December 6, 2016, accessed on December 10, 2016.