Edward McMillan-Scott

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Edward McMillan-Scott

Edward Hugh Christian McMillan-Scott (born August 15, 1949 in Cambridge ) is a British politician of the Liberal Democrats . From 1984 to June 30, 2014 he was a member of the European Parliament . Before his party change on March 12, 2010, McMillan-Scott was a member of the Conservative Party .

McMillan-Scott was a Member of the European Parliament (MEP) for the Yorkshire and Humber constituencies . He was elected Vice-President of the European Parliament four times , from 2004 to 2014 : his main portfolio was human rights and democracy . In 1984 he was elected for the first time as a member of the European Parliament. McMillan-Scott was a Conservative until his protest about changing Conservatives after the 2009 European elections, from the majority centrist European People's Party (EPP) to the controversial, eurosceptic parliamentary group, the European Conservatives and Reformers . After his (unrestricted) work as an independent member of the European Parliament, he joined the Liberal Democrats in March 2010 . On November 22nd, 2014, at the General Assembly in London, he was elected patron of Great Britain's only pro-European member organization, the non-party European Movement International .

In May 2017, McMillan-Scott was invited to campaign for the parliamentary seat in West Worcestershire during the "snap" general election for the Liberal Democrats. His home is near Pershore , Worcestershire , where his family moved from Yorkshire in the 18th century .

McMillan-Scott was from 1997 to 2001 Chairman of the Conservative MEPs in the European Parliament. He was re-elected to the top of the Yorkshire & Humber regional list in the European elections in the UK in 2009 . McMillan-Scott is pro-European. After David Cameron decided to withdraw Conservative MEPs from the centrally located European People's Party to form the Group of European Conservatives and Reformers , McMillan-Scott turned against it. When the composition of Cameron's new European Conservatives and Reformers was announced after the 2009 European elections, McMillan-Scott protested. The new group has been described by Nick Clegg , leader of the Liberal Democratic Party, as "a bunch of weirdos, homophobes, anti-Semites and climate change deniers". McMillan-Scott stood successfully as independent vice-president against the nominee of the European conservatives and reformers, the Polish MEP Michal Kaminski . McMillan-Scott criticized Kaminski's alleged previous links to extremism , as confirmed by the Daily Telegraph , among others . McMillan-Scott is the only vice president elected without an official party candidacy.

In March 2010, McMillan-Scott joined the Liberal Democrats, with whom he had worked closely on democracy and human rights issues. In May 2010 he became a member of the Group of the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe (ALDE) in the European Parliament. McMillan-Scott took the place of ALDE Vice-President of the European Parliament. In January 2012, he was re-elected Vice President for the fourth time. McMillan-Scott again received the department for democracy and human rights as well as the Sakharov Prize of the network, which supports Parliament's annual prize for freedom of expression and responsibility for transatlantic relations. In the 2014 UK European elections , he lost his seat as a Member of the European Parliament in an election that won nationwide for the UK Independence Party , and the Liberal Democrats came fifth and lost all but one of their seats.

In the 2015 British General Election, he was asked by Liberal Democratic Headquarters to run nominally for the seat of Parliament in Normanton, Pontefract and Castleford in Yorkshire. The seat was retained by Labor candidate Yvette Cooper MP with a majority of 15,428 votes.

Life

McMillan-Scott was born on August 15, 1949 in Cambridge , England . He was one of seven children of the late architect Walter and the late Elisabeth McMillan-Scott, b. Hudson. He attended a Dominican private school . McMillan-Scott worked for several years as a tour operator for a US company across the continent, the USSR and Africa . McMillan-Scott speaks French, Italian, some German and Spanish. From 1973 he worked in public affairs and in 1982 he founded his own PR consulting agency in Westminster. The government of the Falkland Islands was one of his clients .

McMillan-Scott married Henrietta, a child rights attorney, in 1972. They have two daughters, Lucinda born 1973 and Arabella born 1976, and three granddaughters, Edie born 1999, Esme born 2001 and Sylvia born 2012.

Political career

McMillan-Scott joined the Conservative Party in 1967 , which both of his parents had belonged to. From 1968 he worked as a tour operator, from 1977 as a political advisor, and in 1973 he joined the European Movement. He was one of the regional coordinators for the Yes to Europe campaign in the referendum on the country's membership in the European Economic Community EEC membership referendum in the United Kingdom in 1975 .

The following year he was elected to the European Parliament for the first time in the 1984 European elections , to which he has been a member since then. 1998-2001 he was head of the Conservative Party delegation in parliament. After the European elections in 2004 he was nominated and elected as one of the fourteen Vice-Presidents of Parliament by the EPP-ED Group, to which the Conservative Party belonged at the time . As such, he was primarily responsible for relations with the national parliaments and with the Euro-Mediterranean Parliamentary Assembly . From 2005 to 2006 he was head of the election observer delegation of the European Parliament in Palestine , which monitored the presidential and parliamentary elections there.

During his work in Parliament, McMillan-Scott stood out for his participation in various campaigns. In 1992 he founded the European Democracy Initiative , which was supposed to promote democracy and civil society in the former Eastern Bloc states and later turned to the Arab world and other states such as China , Cuba and Russia . McMillan-Scott is also a member of the International Committee for Democracy in Cuba .

European Parliament

McMillan-Scott was elected MEP for York from 1984 to 1994, European Parliament MP for North Yorkshire from 1994 to 1999, and European Parliament MEP for Yorkshire and the Humber from 1999 to 2014.

Roles and responsibilities

McMillan-Scott was Chairman of the UK Conservative Members of the European Parliament from September 1997 to December 2001 and attended the Shadow Cabinet on European issues. On July 23, 2004, he was elected fourth of the 14 Vice-Presidents of the European Parliament. McMillan-Scott was re-elected as Vice President in 2007, 2009 and 2012. McMillan-Scott's special tasks as Vice President included relations with the national EU parliaments and the Euro-Mediterranean Parliamentary Assembly, in which 280 members from the European Union , North Africa and the Middle East are represented. After his re-election as Vice-President in 2009, he was responsible for democracy and human rights, for relations with national parliaments and for chairing the European Parliament's audit committee. After his re-election in 2012, McMillan-Scott continued his commitment to democracy and human rights, the Sakharov Prize network and transatlantic relations.

McMillan-Scott founded the regular forum between the Human Rights and Democracy Network, more than 40 Brussels-based non-governmental organizations, and the European Parliament, whose aim is to draw the EU's attention to these issues.

McMillan-Scott was part of the monitoring group that monitors all activities of the European Parliament in the field of democracy and human rights, including elections. Since 1990 he has participated in numerous missions. In January 2005 and 2006, McMillan-Scott was elected chairman of the European Parliament’s largest ever election observer mission in the Palestinian Territory ; 30 members of the European Parliament. These observers monitored the presidential and legislative elections of the Palestinian Authority.

Honourings and prices

Medal of Honor

McMillan-Scott was awarded the Medal of Honor “in recognition of his sustained efforts to promote and protect human rights” in September 2013 by the Venice-based European Inter-University Center for Human Rights and Democratization, consisting of 41 universities. Previous winners are Mary Robinson , former UN High Commissioner for Human Rights, and Manfred Nowak , former UN Special Rapporteur on Torture.

Excellent contributions

On September 25th, McMillan-Scott received the top “Outstanding Contribution” award in Parliament's Magazine 2012 MEP Awards, Brussels' sister publication to Westminster House Magazine. The quote highlighted his achievements in the areas of democracy and human rights, particularly his active participation in the Arab Spring , as well as his leadership in the campaign for the single seat, which enabled MEPs to travel monthly from their seat wanted to end in Brussels to its official seat in Strasbourg .

Campaigns

Democracy and human rights

After the fall of the Berlin Wall , McMillan-Scott founded the European Instrument for Democracy and Human Rights to promote the development of democracy and civil society in the countries of the former Soviet bloc, aimed at the reforming Arab world and countries opposed to reform fight back like China, Cuba and Russia . The instrument makes € 150 million available to those working for human rights and democracy, often without the consent of the host country.

As a frequent visitor to the countries of the former Soviet bloc and its satellites, after his election in 1984, where he had contacts with dissidents, McMillan-Scott was arrested in 1972 in Leningrad (now St. Petersburg ) and fined for being a former religious guide Institutions visited. McMillan-Scott was with the Communists in October 1993 by the old guard against President Boris Yeltsin perpetrated coup attempt in attendance and was the only outsiders politician who at the rally "Other Russia" by Gary Kasparov gave a speech in July of 2006. He was the first politician to visit Belgrade towards the end of Slobodan Milošević's reign , where he reviewed more than 30 reformist and social projects funded by the European Instrument for Democracy and Human Rights.

From 2004 to 2012, McMillan-Scott was chairman of the informal, bipartisan Committee on Democracy of the European Parliament, which fought for a European Foundation for Democracy and Human Rights. The aim was to have an equivalent to Washington's National Foundation for Democracy, to work close to the EU, and to be refutable, knowledgeable and flexible. The European Foundation for Democracy was established in 2012.

McMillan-Scott is one of the leading reform fighters in China. After his last visit to Beijing in May 2006, all dissidents and former political inmates with whom he came into contact were arrested, detained, and some were tortured. These included Christian human rights lawyer Gao Zhisheng and environmental activist Hu Jia . McMillan-Scott successfully nominated Hu Jia for the 2008 Sakharov Prize for Freedom of Expression, which is awarded annually by the European Parliament. McMillan-Scott has sponsored numerous activities, hearings, and resolutions focused on reforms in China. In November 2010 he met the dissident artist Ai Weiwei , co-designer of the Beijing National Stadium, who wrote a highly critical series of comments for McMillan-Scott's YouTube channel. Ai Weiwei was placed under house arrest in Beijing a few months later.

McMillan-Scott pleaded for the International Criminal Court to maintain an index of impunity based on the West German Salzgitter Trial during the Cold War , in which denunciations of crimes against humanity in totalitarian states could later lead to prosecutions. McMillan-Scott drafted a key report in 1997 for the European Parliament's Committee on Foreign Affairs, of which he was once the longest-serving member, on a new EU-China strategy. After subsequent visits to China and pre-Olympic raids, he initiated a campaign aimed at a political boycott of the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing. He did this in the event that the Presidents of the European Parliament and the European Commission should boycott the Games, as the EU Commissioner for Foreign Affairs did.

McMillan-Scott was the first politician to visit Tibet in 1996 after a three-year blackout . As a result, he campaigned for the independence of Tibet and took part in numerous activities to highlight the oppression in Tibet. He and his staff gave speeches and participated in pro-democracy activities with Tibetan exiles.

In October 2006, McMillan-Scott visited Cuba, where he met the Sakharov Prize winners Women in White and the late Oswaldo Payá, as well as other dissidents, and has since encouraged them to campaign for political freedoms.

Falun Gong

Main articles: Persecution of Falun Gong and Organ Harvesting from Falun Gong Practitioners in China

Edward McMillan-Scott and Ethan Gutmann at a press conference, 2009

Although McMillan-Scott has no religious belief, he advocated Falun Gong. Falun Gong is a spiritual practice that has been persecuted by the Chinese government since 1999. In 2006 he stated: “We are talking about genocide. Falun Gong was singled out. So governments must act and put pressure on the United Nations to investigate. ”McMillan-Scott spoke to many former inmates and published reports of their abuse.

McMillan-Scott fought against organ harvesting from Falun Gong practitioners in China. In 2012, he said, "I am absolutely convinced that there has been a long period of organ harvesting from inmates, especially from Falun Gong, since 1999." Ethan Gutmann interviewed over 100 witnesses and estimated that there were 65,000 Falun Gong practitioners were killed for their organs between 2000 and 2008.

Human rights violations in China

Since 1997 McMillan-Scott has dealt with European-Chinese relations. When a Chinese surgeon's wife made the public accusation in March 2006 that there was large-scale organ harvesting from Falun Gong practitioners in China , McMillan-Scott went to China from May 19-21 to investigate of human rights abuses in China and allegations of organ harvesting. After leaving China, McMillan-Scott held a press conference in Hong Kong and confirmed that China's leadership remains "brutal and inhuman," "a system that commits crimes arbitrarily." Regarding the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing, he said: "Human rights organizations around the world must join forces and focus on China's communist regime, because it is the largest and most rigid regime that currently exists in the world."

Upon his return, McMillan-Scott published a videotaped testimony from a practitioner, his tour guide, Cao Dong, who told him he knew about the organ harvesting in his report. Cao was locked in a cell with his friend and fellow practitioner. One evening it suddenly disappeared. He later saw his body in the prison hospital with holes in places where organs had previously been located. McMillan-Scott also published the Chinese government's reaction to his contacts with dissidents: "After I left Beijing, everyone I had contact with was arrested, detained, and in some cases even tortured." McMillan had Cao his address given if he needed help, Cao was sentenced to five years in prison for speaking with the Vice-President of the European Union.

McMillan-Scott responded to these incidents with: "I will continue my campaign for reforms and democracy and human rights in China until the goal is achieved." "I am convinced that it is very important for the people of the world to understand what is actually going on in China - the prison camps, the labor camps for re-education, child labor, forced labor and torture. This is the real China, ”he said. “And worst of all, they picked a group of completely innocent people, Falun Gong practitioners, and tortured them to death. That must be put to an end! "

Before the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing , McMillan-Scott again called for a political boycott due to human rights violations in China. As a result, several high-ranking European politicians, including the President of Parliament Hans-Gert Pöttering , the President of the Commission José Manuel Barroso and the Commissioner for Foreign Affairs Benita Ferrero-Waldner , stayed away from the games.

Children's rights in the EU

McMillan-Scott dealt with children's rights in the EU and campaigned for a European regulation for the search for missing children based on the model of the American Amber Alert system. He also worked with the parents of Madeleine McCann , a British girl who disappeared in Portugal in 2007. In the summer of 2008, the European Parliament presented a proposal for a corresponding system that already exists in a similar form in various European countries, but has not yet been implemented across Europe. In the United States, the Department of Justice's Amber Alert System has recovered more than 500 abducted children since 2003, 80% of them within the crucial first 72 hours. McMillan-Scott supported European integration and in 2010 he signed the Spinelli Group's manifesto .

McMillan-Scott is one of the 89 people from the European Union against whom Russia imposed an entry ban in May 2015 .

Sustainable food

McMillan-Scott has not eaten meat since 2008 because of the assumed effects on climate change and invited Sir Paul McCartney in December 2009 together with Dr. Rajendra Pachauri , Chair of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, invited a conference entitled "Less meat = less heat". McCartney is promoting less meat consumption in the form of meat-free montages. In June 2011 McMillan-Scott invited Hugh Fearnley-Whittingstall to Brussels to internationalize the restaurateur's activities against bycatch . On December 3, 2013, McMillan-Scott launched the EU Sense of Food: Your Right to the Right Eat, a campaign for a sustainable food policy in the EU to replace the common agricultural policy .

The arab world

McMillan-Scott, a relative of TE Lawrence (from Arabia), has campaigned for reform across the Arab world since a visit to Jordan in 1993 because of the latter's father, Sir Thomas Chapman Bt . McMillan-Scott defended Egypt's 2003 liberal al-Ghad party and obtained the release of its leader, Aiman ​​Nur , who was imprisoned in 2005 for opposing former President Mubarak . McMillan-Scott was the first outside politician to go to Cairo at the end of the revolution in February 2011 . He visited the region several times in the months that followed. In September 2012 he was present with the chairman of the ALDE group in the European Parliament, Guy Verhofstadt , at the establishment of the Arab leaders for freedom and democracy. Aiman ​​Nur, Amr Mussa and the Libyan interim Prime Minister Mahmud Jebril took part in the meeting.

Fight against fraud

In 1999 McMillan-Scott was exposed by whistleblower Paul van Buitenen for his role in the European Commission case. After McMillan-Scott discovered fraud in the EU Commission during the European Year of Tourism in 1990 , he campaigned for reforms and caused the Belgian Fraud Department to conduct the first raid on the Commission in 1995 . According to a report by a panel of independent experts, the Commission was later charged with serious irregularities, nepotism and fraud allegations, which in 1999 led to the resignation of President Jacques Santer and all of his commissioners.

McMillan-Scott's support of a petition to combat fraud and abuse of timeshare -Marktes was widely supported and led 1994 EU Timeshare Directive.

Single seat of the European Parliament in Brussels

McMillan-Scott, since his election in 1984, has been a member of any initiative aimed at ending the monthly four-day sessions of the European Parliament in Strasbourg . In October 2010, he set up the Brussels-Strasbourg Study Group of High Level Members of the European Parliament to provide objective information. In the report, "A Tale of Two Cities" ( A Tale of Two Cities ) in February 2011, states that the additional cost of 180 million euros and 19,000 tonnes of CO2 would be a year. The single seat campaign aims to move all European Parliament activities to Brussels. McMillan-Scott received the 2012 Parliament Magazine Award for “Outstanding Contribution”, in part for his leadership in the campaign which resulted in a large majority of MEPs voting for their governments to bring up the issue.

Leaving the Conservative Party

Before the European elections in June 1999, British Conservative MEPs were allied members of the European People's Party (EPP) . After the election, McMillan-Scott negotiated together with the then chairman of the Conservative Party William Hague , the " Malaga Agreement", which created a more detached relationship between the 36 British Conservative Members of the European Parliament and the newly formed Group of the European People's Party (Christian Democrats) ( EPP) provided. This agreement remained in force until the 2009 European elections , when the Conservatives severed ties with the EPP and formed part of the new European Conservatives and Reformers (ECR).

After his re-election to the European Parliament, McMillan-Scott resigned from the EPP group and joined the new ECR group for election in accordance with the Conservative Manifesto. He attended the opening meeting of the new group on June 24th in Brussels , where he felt that he was uncomfortable if some members of the group might have links with extremist groups.

In July 2009, McMillan-Scott successfully ran for re-election as Vice-President of the European Parliament against the nominees of the new ECR group, Michał Kamiński , a Polish Member of the party Prawo i Sprawiedliwość (Law and Justice), after Kaminski's former ties to an extremist Group in Poland . Then the Conservative whip (was Whip ) withdrawn. McMillan-Scott then sat as a non-attached member of the European Parliament, but remained a member of the British Conservative Party.

In August 2009, William Hague wrote a letter to McMillan-Scott describing the Conservative Homeland website as "humiliating." In September 2009, McMillan-Scott was expelled from the Conservative Party without notice and without giving a reason. The Yorkshire Post doyen wrote a hurtful attack titled "Own goal as Tories force out a decent man." McMillan-Scott appealed and issued a number of open letters to his constituents. However, after his attorneys declared that he could not expect a fair hearing from the Conservative Party, he wrote to David Cameron on March 12, 2010, explaining his reasons for resigning his appeal. The Conservative Party's denigration of McMillan-Scott included changing the Wikipedia pages in an attempt to remove “the embarrassing past” of Michał Kamiński, chairman of the FCR. McMillan-Scott said his own article was edited that way too. An article published in The Observer newspaper reports on the June 25, 2009 article published on IP addresses originating in the UK House of Commons .

Exclusion of parliamentary groups in 2009 and conversion to the party

After the 2009 European elections , in which McMillan-Scott was re-elected, the British Conservatives left the Christian Democratic Group EPP-ED and instead joined the newly formed right-wing conservative Group of European Conservatives and Reformists (ECR). McMillan-Scott also took part in the founding event of the ECR on June 24th, where he has already expressed criticism of the sometimes extreme positions of some group members. At the constituent session of the newly elected parliament, McMillan-Scott ran on July 14, 2009 as a candidate for the office of parliamentary vice-president, although he had not been nominated by the ECR, which had instead proposed the controversial Poles Michał Kamiński . With the support of the other political groups, McMillan-Scott was elected Vice-President of Parliament, while Kamiński failed. Immediately afterwards, McMillan-Scott was expelled from the parliamentary group and the Conservative Party.

McMillan-Scott first sued the party authorities against his exclusion from the party. On March 12, 2010, shortly before the decisive hearing, however, he announced his conversion to the Liberal Democrats instead . On May 18, he also joined the ALDE faction , to which the Liberal Democrats belong.

The rise of the right

McMillan-Scott has long been concerned with totalitarianism ; his opposition to the Soviet system was shared by many conservatives. With the transition to democracy, however, he found that the Conservative Party increasingly viewed the enlargement of the European Union as a means of fragmenting the EU. They began to make common cause with what McMillan-Scott saw as right-wing groups and factions in the new democracies. McMillan-Scott was alarmed by his family's background of what he saw as the rise of disguised extremism and forms of neo-fascism . The cover story of TIME magazine, after the European elections in 2009, reported that Europe had turned right and about the rise in rights in ten EU countries.

McMillan-Scott's rejection of David Cameron's new EKR group and his successful performance as independent vice president against Michal Kaminski ultimately led to his break with the Conservative Party.

Join the Liberal Democrats

In March 2010, McMillan-Scott joined the Liberal Democrats, believing they were a more suitable home with a focus on human rights and an internationalist agenda. The Liberal Democrats are a member of the Group of the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe (ALDE) in the European Parliament, which McMillan-Scott officially joined on May 17th. He was nominated in January 2012 by the MEPs of the Liberal and Democratic Party of Europe and then by the ALDE Group as a candidate for the office of Vice-President and was then successfully re-elected. McMillan-Scott described the coalition as "the happiest moment in my political life: Liberal Democrats tamed the conservative extremists".

items

Documentaries

McMillan-Scott appeared in Transmission 6-10 (2009), and Red Reign: The Bloody Harvest of China's Prisoners (2013).

See also

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ A b c d Edward McMillan-Scott - MEP for Yorkshire and the Humber ( October 26, 2011 memento in the Internet Archive ), Liberal Democrats, October 26, 2011, accessed November 6, 2017
  2. ^ A b c d e Profile of Edward McMillan-Scott , accessed November 6, 2017
  3. ^ A b Edward McMillan-Scott, Edward McMillan-Scott MEP writes… In Europe 40 years on: what next? ( Memento of the original from November 7, 2017 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , Libdemvoice.org, January 16, 2013, accessed November 6, 2017 @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.libdemvoice.org
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  13. 14 Vice-Presidents and 5 Quaestors of the European Parliament elected , European Parliament News, January 18, 2012, accessed on November 6, 2017
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  25. ^ Edward chairs two largest Palestine MEP poll missions ( May 9, 2008 memento in the Internet Archive ), accessed November 6, 2017
  26. 22/9/2013: EIUC awards EIUC Medal of Honor to EP Vice-President and signs Letter of Exchange with the Council of Europe ( Memento of 5 October 2013 in the Internet Archive ), EIUC, 22 September 2013, accessed on 6 November 2017
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  29. Ann Cahill, the Truth About EU GM Policy.pdf Europe Needs an Office of Democracy (PDF) ( Memento of October 9, 2006 in the Internet Archive ), EU Reporter, October 22, 2004, p. 3, accessed on November 6 2017
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  31. Noticeboard ( Memento of October 4, 2008 in the Internet Archive ), European Democracy Caucus, October 4, 2008, accessed on November 6, 2017
  32. Texts adopted - Thursday, March 29, 2012 - European Endowment for Democracy - P7_TA (2012) 0113 , European Parliament, July 25, 2013, accessed on November 6, 2017
  33. Ai Weiwei tells Edward McMillan-Scott MEP: Beijing regime is 'finished' , YouTube, accessed November 6, 2017
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  35. ^ Edward McMillan-Scott, Reform in China - the world's biggest country , accessed November 6, 2017
  36. a b Welcome to the homepage of BoycottBeijing.eu ( Memento from December 15, 2007 in the Internet Archive ), BoycottBeijing.eu, December 15, 2007, accessed on November 6, 2017
  37. 50th Anniversary of Democracy by Tibetan in Exile ( Memento of August 10, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) (PDF), Tibetan, September 2, 2010, accessed on November 6, 2017
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  40. ^ Edward McMillan-Scott, Organ Harvesting in China, Hearsay evidence taken at a meeting in Beijing, China on May 21, 2006 , European Commission, accessed on November 6, 2017
  41. UN torture report ( Memento of December 15, 2007 in the Internet Archive ), BoycottBeijing.eu, December 15, 2007, accessed on November 6, 2017
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  49. Shenyang Camp Set up Crematoria, Sells Organs of Falun Gong Practitioners , The Epoch Times, March 9, 2006, accessed September 13, 2016
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  51. Edward McMillan-Scott: Olympic athletes compete under the shadow of genocide , The Yorkshire Post, August 1, 2008, accessed June 14, 2017
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  56. See the campaign homepage .
  57. Edward McMillan-Scott, Children's champion , accessed November 6, 2017
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  59. List of signatories ( Memento of March 30, 2012 in the Internet Archive )
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  61. ^ RUS: Russian Visa Blocking List. (PDF 23 KB) In: yle.fi. May 26, 2015, accessed June 1, 2015 .
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