Story of Falun Gong

Falun Gong practitioners do the fifth exercise, meditation , in Manhattan .

The history of Falun Gong , also known as Falun Dafa, is a chronological listing of events from the beginning of its public appearance to the present day.

Falun Gong, or Falun Dafa, is a spiritual practice that combines slow exercises and meditation with a moral philosophy. It was presented to the public by its founder Li Hongzhi in the spring of 1992 in Changchun City, northeast China. Falun Gong is classified as a system of qigong with a Buddhist tradition. Falun Dafa initially received official approval and support from Chinese government agencies. Because of the simplicity of its exercise movements, health effects, lack of fees or formal membership, and moral and philosophical teachings, the practice has grown rapidly.

However, in 1996, Falun Gong (Falun Dafa) split from the state qigong associations, gradually escalating tensions with the Chinese Communist Party authorities , which peaked in the spring of 1999. After a protest by 10,000 Falun Gong practitioners near the Zhongnanhai government site on April 25, 1999 , demanding official recognition, then party leader Jiang Zemin ordered the destruction of Falun Gong. A large-scale propaganda campaign , mass persecutions and extrajudicial sentences, torture and forced re-education followed.

Falun Gong practitioners responded to the campaign with protests in Tian'anmen Square , the establishment of their own media outlets abroad, international criminal charges against Chinese officials, and the establishment of a network of underground factories within China to distribute literature about the To establish the practice and the persecution that takes place. While working against the persecution, Falun Dafa had become a prominent voice in calling for an end to one-party rule in China.

Chronicle of great events

Before 1992

Falun Dafa has been classified variously as a spiritual cultivation practice from traditional Chinese antiquity, as a Qigong discipline, as a religion, and as a New Religious Movement . Qigong refers to a wide range of exercises, meditation, and breathing methods that have long been part of the spiritual practices of selected Buddhist schools, Taoist alchemists, martial arts students, and some Confucian scholars .

Although qigong similar practices have a long history, the modern qigong movement finds its origins in the late 1940s and 1950s. At the time, Communist Party cadres sought qigong as a means of improving health and considered it a category of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM). With the official support of the party state, qigong grew steadily in popularity, especially in the period after the Cultural Revolution . The China State Qigong Research Association was established in 1985 to administer and oversee qigong practices across the country. Thousands of qigong disciplines emerged, some of them under the direction of "grand masters" with millions of followers.

Li Hongzhi stated in his spiritual biography that since his youth he had been tutored by a variety of Buddhist and Daoist masters who taught him the methods and moral philosophy that later became known as Falun Gong.

• 1951 - On May 13th, Li Hongzhi, founder of Falun Dafa, was born in Gongzhuling , Jilin Province . The Chinese government gives an alternative date of birth for Li, July 1952.
• 1955 - According to his spiritual biography, Li begins studying the principles of Zhen, Shan, Ren (Truthfulness-Compassion-Forbearance) under the direction of Master Quan Je, a tenth generation master of Buddhist cultivation. Lessons last eight years.
• 1963 - Taoist master Baji Zhenren begins Li's training in Taoist martial arts and physical skills.
• 1970 - Li begins to work on a military horse farm in northeast China and in 1972 as a trumpeter with the provincial forest police.
• 1972 - Li continues his spiritual training under Master Zhen Daozhi, who teaches him methods of internal martial arts . According to Li's spiritual biography, his training during this time mainly took place at night, possibly due to the political environment of the Cultural Revolution.
• 1974 - Li's biography states that he begins studying under the direction of a female Buddhist master. During the next several years, Li continued to study and observe spiritual cultivation systems.
• Early 1980s - After he had interrupted his secondary and high school education due to the Cultural Revolution, he did it later via distance learning .
• 1984 - Li decides to establish Falun Gong as a more accessible version of Falun Xiulian Dafa, a qigong cultivation system of the Buddhist school.
• Mid 1980s - Li begins studying and observing a variety of other qigong disciplines, apparently in preparation for establishing and publishing his own qigong system.
• 1985 - The Chinese authorities set up a national organization to oversee the various qigong disciplines that were spreading across the country. The Qigong Research Society in China was founded in 1985 and held its first meeting in Beijing in 1986 . The organization included senior executives from several senior and former members of the Politburo and the National People's Congress, as well as former ministers of health and education.
• 1989 - Li begins giving private Falun Gong teachings to selected students.

1992 to 1995

Falun Gong was introduced to the public in the spring of 1992, towards the end of the "qigong boom" in China. At that time, thousands of qigong disciplines were common. Li Hongzhi and his Falun Dafa have become an "instant star" of the Qigong movement and the government-administered Qigong Research Society in China. From 1992 to 1994, Li traveled all over China and gave 54 classes on the exercises and principles of Falun Gong. The seminars usually lasted eight to ten days and drew up to 6,000 participants per course. Because of its effectiveness in improving health and its moral and philosophical elements, which were more developed than those of other qigong schools, the cultivation practice quickly gained popularity.

• 1992 - On May 13th, Li started teaching Falun Gong at the 5th Middle School in Changchun, Jilin Province, and spoke to several hundred people. The seminar lasted nine days and cost 30 yuan (about 3.95 euros) entrance fee per person.
• 1992 - In June, Li is invited by the Qigong Research Society of China to give a lecture in Beijing.
• 1992 - In September, Falun Gong is recognized as a qigong branch under the administration of China's State Qigong Research Association.
• 1992 - Li is officially declared a "Qigong Master" by the Qigong Research Association of China and is granted permission to teach throughout the country.
• 1992 - Li and several Falun Gong students attend the Asia Health Fair in Beijing December 12-21. The organizer of the health fair noted that Falun Gong and Li "received the most praise [of all other qigong schools] at the fair and achieved very good therapeutic results." The event helped Li's popularity in the qigong world, and media reports of Falun Dafa's healing powers spread.
• 1992 - By the end of the year, Li had given six one-week seminars in Beijing, four in Changchun, one in Tayuan, and one in Shandong .
• 1993 - Chinese Falun Gong (中国 法轮功), Li Hongzhi's first major textbook, is published by Yiwen Military Publishing House in April. The book describes the basic cosmology, moral system and exercises of Falun Gong. A revised edition will appear in December.
• 1993 - During the spring and summer, a series of enthusiastic articles appeared in qigong magazines nationwide, praising the virtues of Falun Gong. Several covers of Li Hongzhi appear on the cover of the magazines; the articles discuss the superiority of the Falun Gong system.
• 1993 - On July 30th, the Falun Xiulian Dafa Research Association is established as a branch of the Qigong Research Association of China.
• 1993 - On August 30, Li accepted an invitation from the China Jianyi Yongwei Foundation to help policemen injured on duty improve their health at their third conference honoring outstanding people. A day later, the Ministry of Public Security sent a letter of thanks to the Qigong Research Society of China, thanking Li Hongzhi for sharing his teachings and helping them rehabilitate their health to the injured police officers. Among the 100 people who were treated by Li, only one was who had not seen any "apparent improvement" in his health.
• 1993 - On September 21, Public Security Daily , a publication of the Ministry of Public Security, praised Falun Gong for promoting "traditional virtues of fighting crime among the Chinese people by ensuring social order and security and righteousness in society." promotes ".

Awards during the Asian Health Fair in Beijing in 1993: “Most-praised Qigong Master”, “Special Award in Gold” and “Prize for Advanced Frontier Science”.

• 1993 - Li again participates in the Asia Health Fair in Beijing from December 11th to 20th, this time as a member of the organizing committee. At the event he won several awards and was proclaimed the “Most Hailed Qigong Master”. In addition, Falun Gong received the "Special Gold Award" and the "Advanced Frontier Science Award".
• 1994 - On May 6th, the Qigong Research Association of Jilin Province proclaimed Li Hongzhi "Grand Master of Qigong".
• 1994 - Li gives two lectures on Falun Gong at Beijing Public Security University and donates the proceeds from the seminars to a foundation for injured police officers.
• 1994 - On August 3, the city of Houston , Texas , USA, declares Li Hongzhi an honorary citizen of the city for his "altruistic public service for the benefit and welfare of mankind".

• 1994 - As the income from the sale of his publications grew, Li stopped charging seminar fees. Li then insisted that Falun Dafa must be taught for free.
• 1994 - The last complete seminar on the exercises and philosophy of Falun Gong is held from December 21st to 29th in the southern city of Guangzhou .
• 1995 - In January, Zhuan Falun (转法轮), The Complete Teaching of Falun Gong, is published by the Chinese Television Authority Publishing House. A publication ceremony will be held on January 4th in the auditorium of the Ministry of Public Security.
• 1995 - In February, Li was approached by China's National Sports Committee, the Ministry of Public Health, and the Chinese Qigong Research Association to jointly establish a Falun Gong association. Li declines the offer.
• 1995 - Official attitudes towards the qigong movement begin to change within some areas of government and the state press begins to criticize qigong.
• 1995 - Li leaves China and starts spreading his cultivation practice abroad.
• 1995 - The Chinese embassies in Paris and Stockholm invite Li to teach Falun Dafa abroad. On March 13th he will hold a seven-day seminar in Paris, followed by another series of lectures in April in Sweden ( Gothenburg , Stockholm and Uddevalla ).

1996 to June 1999

After Li Hongzhi published that he had finished teaching his practice in China, he began teaching Falun Gong in Europe, Oceania, North America, and Southeast Asia. In 1998, Li moved to the United States.

As the practice continued to grow in China, tension arose between Falun Gong and the Chinese authorities. In 1996, Falun Gong withdrew from the Chinese Qigong Research Association and has since become the subject of growing controversy and criticism in the state press. The practice became a subject of high-level debate within the government and the Communist Party, with some ministries and government agencies continuing to support the practice while others became increasingly suspicious of the group. These tensions also played out in the media as some passages continued to praise the effects of Falun Dafa while others criticized it as pseudoscience.

Tensions continued to intensify during this period, leading to a demonstration near the government compound in Zhongnanhai on April 25, 1999, where over ten thousand Falun Gong practitioners gathered to seek official recognition. Following this event, Jiang Zemin, the Communist Party leader at the time, secretly prepared for a nationwide campaign to persecute Falun Gong .

• 1996 - Zhuan Falun is listed as a best seller in Beijing Youth Daily (北京 青年 报) in January, March, and April.
• 1996 - Falun Gong files an application to withdraw from China's Qigong Research Association in March. Li later explains that he found out that this state-run society is more concerned with benefiting from qigong than engaging in real research. Li had also apparently rejected a new ruling by the Qigong Research Society that mandated that all qigong schools establish branches of the Communist Party within their organization. Falun Gong was left completely without government supervision or support.
• 1996 - Under Li’s direction, the administrators of the Falun Gong Research Society in China apply for registration with three other government organizations, including the Buddhist Association of China and the United Labor Front Central Division , which is under the direct orders of the Communist Party's central leadership committee. However, all applications were ultimately rejected.
• 1996 - On June 17th, the first major state media article criticizing Falun Gong appears in the Guangming Daily . The article mentions that Falun Gong is a manifestation of reactionary superstition and that its major work, Zhuan Falun, is a work of "pseudoscience" that deceives the masses. Falun Gong practitioners responded to the publication of the article with a letter campaign to the newspaper and the National Qigong Association.
• 1996 - In the second half of the year, the Chinese State Buddhist Association begins criticizing Falun Gong and urges its members not to take up the practice.
• 1996 - On July 24th, Falun Gong books are banned by China's News Publishing Bureau, a branch of the Propaganda Department. The reason given for the ban was because Falun Gong "spreads superstition." With Li Hongzhi's consent, pirated and copied versions of Falun Gong books have been spreading.
• 1996 - Li begins another lecture tour to Hong Kong, Sydney, Bangkok, Houston, New York and Beijing in the summer.
• 1996 - The Qigong Research Society of China issues a resolution to remove Falun Gong from membership. The resolution mentioned that while Falun Gong practitioners had "achieved unparalleled results in vitality and disease prevention," Li Hongzhi promoted "theology and superstition", failed to attend association meetings, and deviated from association procedures.
• 1997 - The Ministry of Public Security starts an investigation into whether Falun Gong should be considered a xie jiao ("heretical religion"). The report concludes that "there is no evidence yet".

Li Hongzhi (right) receives a proclamation from the Illinois governor in 1999

• 1997–1999 - Criticism of Falun Gong escalates in the state media. With Li's encouragement, Falun Gong practitioners respond to the criticism by peacefully petitioning in front of the media offices and seeking redress for perceived unfair reporting. This practice often leads to critical articles being withdrawn and the media apologizing. Not all media reports were negative during this period, and articles continued to highlight the health benefits of Falun Gong.
• 1998 - On July 21, the Ministry of Public Security released Document No. 555, "Notice of Investigation into Falun Gong". The document alleges that Falun Gong is an "evil religion" and orders a further investigation to seek evidence to support this conclusion. The faction within the ministry that is hostile to Falun Gong was reportedly led by Luo Gan . Falun Gong sources reported that authorities tapped the phones, harassed and followed practitioners, ransacked homes, and interrupted Falun Gong practitioners meditating.
• 1998 - Qiao Shi , the recently retired chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress , conducts his own investigation into Falun Gong in response to Document No. 555. After months of investigation, he and his investigators concluded that "Falun Gong has hundreds of benefits for the Chinese people and China, and not a single bad effect."
• 1998 - From May to October, China's National Sports Commission will conduct its own investigation and commission doctors to conduct medical surveys on a total of 12,731 Falun Gong practitioners in Guangdong Province. Before practicing Falun Gong, 93.4% of those surveyed had chronic diseases, and 48.9% had at least three diseases. By practicing, 99.1% reported improved health. A cure rate of 58.5% was given for diseases of all kinds. The number of people who belong to the "extremely energetic and healthy" category changed from 3.5% before the practice to 55.3% since cultivation. Overall, 96.5% of practitioners experienced increased levels of energy and health. In October, the investigation came to the conclusion: “We are convinced that the exercises and effects of Falun Gong are excellent. The practice has made an extraordinary contribution to improving the stability and ethics of society. This should be duly confirmed. "
• 1998 - State Sports Commission estimates put between 60 and 70 million Falun Gong practitioners in China.
• 1998–1999 - Li Hongzhi continues to teach Falun Gong internationally, with occasional visits to China. In 1998 Li lectures in New York, Frankfurt, Changchun, Singapore. At the invitation of Chinese officials from the Palais des Nations, Li gave a lecture to 1,200 people on September 4 in the Assembly Hall of the United Nations in Geneva. In 1999 further lectures followed in Los Angeles, New York, Sydney, New Zealand, Toronto, Chicago, Bangkok, Hong Kong, Taipei, Houston and Beijing.
• 1999 - Wu Shaozu, an official with the Chinese National Sports Commission, said in an interview with US News & World Report on February 14th that up to 100 million people may practice Falun Gong and other forms of qigong. Wu found that Falun Gong's popularity had dramatically reduced healthcare costs. According to Wu, “every practitioner can save 1,000 yuan in medical expenses annually. If 100 million practice, it will save 100 billion yuan in medical costs annually ”. And "Premier Zhu Rongji is very happy about it".
• 1999 - In April, the Chinese Academy of Sciences physicist He Zuoxiu and the brother-in-law of Luo Gan , the then security chief of Jiang Zemin, published an article in the youth magazine of Normal University in Tianjin criticizing Falun Gong as superstitious and poses as potentially harmful to the youth.
• 1999 - About 5,000 practitioners hold a silent demonstration at the Tianjin College of Education, demanding that the item be withdrawn. The editors initially agree to retract He Zuoxiu's article, but then break their word.
• 1999 - On April 23rd, around 300 security guards were ordered to "use martial law and evacuate the area," although there was no "Falun Gong demonstration," just practitioners sitting around peacefully. However, the police marched into the crowd, beat practitioners, and arrested 45 of them.
• 1999 - Falun Gong practitioners petition Tianjin City Hall for the detained practitioners to be released. They are told that the order to lift the crowd and detain the demonstrators was "initiated by the Central Government's Ministry of Security," and further complaints are to be directed to Beijing.

Falun Gong practitioners demonstrated outside the Zhongnanhai government site in April 1999, demanding official recognition.

• 1999 - On April 25, 10,000 Falun Gong practitioners tried to go to the Central Appeals Office, but they were blocked by Red Army units and diverted to Fuyou Street, which leads directly to Zhongnanhai. There were no security guards on site that day, normally guarding the route to Zhongnanhai. Practitioners are pushed right outside the Zhongnanhai Gate. Cameras are set up. Jiang Zemin drives past the practitioners in his limousine and observes the staged scene. Troops waited at the gate of the Forbidden City , but there was no provocation from practitioners for 16 hours. Five representatives of Falun Gong meet with Premier Zhu Rongji to ask for official recognition and an end to the escalating harassment against the group. Zhu agrees to release the practitioners in Tianjin and assures officials that the government does not oppose Falun Gong. However, on the same day, at Luo Gan's urging, Communist Party leader Jiang Zemin issued a letter mentioning his intention to suppress the practice.
• 1999 - On April 26th, the media reported that Falun Gong practitioners had gathered at Zhongnanhai and said that "everyone is free to practice or not, as they wish." At the same time, Jiang Zemin called a meeting of the Politburo Standing Committee to discuss the "Falun Gong demonstration." According to reports, some members of the Politburo preferred a conciliatory stance towards Falun Gong, while others - such as Jiang and Security Tsar Luo Gan - wanted the group to be broken up once and for all.
• 1999 - In early May, Jiang Zemin determined that Luo Gan and Hu Jintao should set up a special task force to prepare a campaign that discredited Falun Gong. The authorities are stepping up surveillance of Falun Gong, tapping practitioners' phones, and monitoring practitioners in various cities.
• 1999 - On May 2nd, Li Hongzhi gave a press conference to journalists in Sydney, Australia. When asked if he believed the government would kill or imprison his students to maintain social order, Li replied, "[Falun Gong] practitioners will never break the law. Regarding the scenario you are describing, I don't think it will happen. [...] since the economic reform and opening up, the Chinese government has been fairly tolerant in this regard. "
• 1999 - In May and June, while the preparations for a crackdown were in progress, Falun Gong practitioners continued their public meditation exercises. The news magazine Far Eastern Economic Review wrote, "... in a park in western Beijing, about 100 Falun Gong practitioners were doing the exercises under a bright yellow banner announcing their affiliation ... [they are] far from panicking" .
• 1999 - On June 2, Li buys space in several Hong Kong newspapers to publish an article defending Falun Gong and urging Chinese leaders not to "risk universal condemnation" and "not to waste manpower and capital" to fight the group.
• 1999 - On June 3, 70,000 practitioners from Jilin and Liaoning went to Beijing to appeal to the authorities. They were intercepted by security forces, sent home and monitored.
• 1999 - On June 7th, Jiang Zemin convened a session of the Chinese Communist Party's Politburo to address the "Falun Gong" issue. At the meeting, Jiang described Falun Gong as a grave threat to the Communist Party's authority - "something unprecedented in the country since it was founded 50 years ago" - and Jiang ordered the establishment of a special leadership group in the Communist Party Central Committee, to "be fully prepared for the work of exterminating Falun Gong".
• 1999 - On June 10th, the 610 Office was established to handle the daily coordination of the anti-Falun Gong campaign. Luo Gan was selected to head the office, whose mission at the time was to study, research, and develop a "unified approach ... to solving the Falun Gong problem." The 610 Office was illegally established, and there are no regulations that describe its precise mandate.
• 1999 - On June 17, at a Politburo meeting, Jiang Zemin stated that Falun Gong was "the most serious political incident since the political disturbance on June 4, 1989". The 610 Office was commanded by the newly established Falun Gong Handling Central Leadership Group , headed by Li Lanqing . Li and Luo were members of the Politburo Standing Committee; The other four deputy directors of the Central Leadership Group also held senior posts in the Communist Party, including the Minister of Propaganda.
• 1999 - On June 26th, thirteen Falun Gong practice sites in public parks are closed by Beijing security officials.

July 1999 to 2001

Falun Gong practitioners are arrested in Tian'anmen Square after being banned by the Communist Party.

In July 1999, a nationwide campaign to "eliminate" Falun Gong began. The persecution campaign is characterized by a "massive propaganda campaign" against the group, public burning of Falun Gong books, and the detention of tens of thousands of Falun Gong practitioners in prisons, "re-education through labor" labor camps, mental hospitals and other detention centers. Authorities are given a far-reaching mandate to "transform practitioners," which has resulted in widespread use of torture against Falun Gong practitioners and often in their deaths.

From late 1999 to early 2001, hundreds of Falun Gong practitioners went to Tian'anmen Square every day to peacefully protest the persecution. The protests consist of the Falun Gong exercises, meditation, and holding banners indicating that Falun Gong is innocent. The protests are interrupted - often brutally - by security forces.

• 1999 - On July 19, during a meeting, the Communist Party cadre was informed of Jiang Zemin's decision to eradicate Falun Gong. Originally, the campaign was not due to start until July 21st, but since the related document appeared to have been leaked, the crackdown began on July 20th. A nationwide propaganda campaign is launched to discredit Falun Gong.
• 1999 - Shortly after midnight on July 20th, Falun Gong practitioners and "carers" are abducted and arrested in numerous cities in China. In response, tens of thousands of practitioners petitioned local, provincial, and central appeal offices. Protesters are locked in sports stadiums in Beijing and other cities.
• 1999 - On July 22nd, the Ministry of Civil Affairs declared the "Falun Dafa Research Society and the Falun Gong Organization Under its Control" to be unapproved and therefore illegal organizations. On the same day, the Ministry of Public Security issued a notice prohibiting: First, the display of Falun Gong images or symbols; second, the public distribution of Falun Gong books or literature; third, gathering to do the Falun Gong exercises; fourth, to defend Falun Gong with sit-in strikes, petitions, and other demonstrations; fifth, the spread of rumors that disrupt social order; and sixth, engaging in activities contrary to the government's decision.
• 1999 - The July 19th circular is published on July 23rd. It describes Falun Gong as the "worst political event" since 1989. The Chinese Communist Party Central Committee bans Communist Party members from practicing Falun Gong and begins study meetings to ensure that cadres understand that Falun Gong is inconsistent with the belief system of Marxism.
• 1999 - On July 26th, the authorities began to confiscate and destroy all Falun Gong-related publications, including books, pictures, audio and video products, and electronic publications. Within a week, two million copies of Falun Gong literature are confiscated and destroyed by steamrollers and public book burns.
• 1999 - At the end of July, foreign Falun Gong websites are hacked or subjected to a denial-of-service attack. According to Ethan Gutmann , China analyst and Chinese Internet expert , the attacks originated from servers in Beijing and Shenzhen and were among the first serious attempts to disrupt the network by China.
• 1999 - On July 29, the Chinese authorities demand that Interpol carry out the arrest of Li Hongzhi. Interpol refuses. The following week, the Chinese authorities offered the United States a substantial reward for extraditing Li's. The US government refuses.
• 1999 - On July 29th, the Beijing Judicial Bureau issued an order urging all lawyers and law firms to obtain authorization before advising or representing Falun Gong practitioners. According to Human Rights Watch , the instruction contravened "international standards that require governments to ensure that lawyers can carry out their professional duties without intimidation, harassment, or improper interference."
• 1999 - In October, 30 Falun Gong practitioners hold a secret press conference for foreign media in Beijing to tell journalists about the violence and persecution they are suffering from. At the end of the press conference, the participants were arrested and some of the foreign reporters present were interrogated and briefly detained. Ten of the organizers were jailed immediately after the press conference. According to Falun Gong sources, one of the arrested persons, 31-year-old hairdresser Ding Yan, was later tortured to death in custody. Initial allegations that Falun Gong practitioners were tortured to death in custody were raised during the press conference.
• 1999 - On October 30, the National People's Congress of the People's Republic of China adopts a resolution on Article 300 of the Criminal Code on Heterodox Doctrine (xiejiao), which deals with the identification and punishment of those who practice "heretical religions" to undermine the implementation of the law . The religious scholar Hubert Seifert sees the decision of the people's congress as a procedure with which "the massive persecution of members of the Falun Gong movement, which has been going on since July of this year, should retrospectively be put on a legal basis".
• 1999 - On November 5, the Supreme People's Court of the People's Republic of China issued a circular instructing the People's Courts that Article 300 of Falun Gong should be indicted as a "heretical religion." The instruction, which went to all local courts in China, emphasized that it was their political duty to severely punish Falun Gong and handle these cases under the leadership of the party committees.
• 1999 - On November 18, 1999, the US Congress passed a statement calling on the Chinese government to "end the persecution of Falun Gong" and "allow Falun Gong practitioners to continue their personal beliefs in accordance with Article 36 To pursue the Constitution of the People's Republic of China and to abide by the International Convention on Civil and Political Rights and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights ”.
• 1999 - On December 27th, four well-known Falun Gong practitioners were tried on charges of "undermining the implementation of the law" and illegally obtaining state secrets. They include Beijing engineer and well-known Falun Gong supervisor, Zhiwen Wang , who was sentenced to 16 years in prison, and Li Chang, an officer from the Ministry of Public Security, who was sentenced to 18 years. According to Amnesty International , in these and other charges, "the trial against the accused is biased from the start and the trial is a mere formality".
• 2000 - During the New Year celebrations (early February), at least 2,000 Falun Gong practitioners were arrested in Tian'anmen Square while they were trying to peacefully protest the ban on the group.
• 2000 - On April 20, Ian Johnson , a reporter for the Wall Street Journal , publishes the first series article on Falun Gong. The article describes the torture death of a 58-year-old grandmother in Weifang City who was beaten, shocked with electric batons , and forced to walk barefoot in the snow for refusing to give up Falun Gong. Johnson received the 2001 Pulitzer Prize for International Coverage for his series of articles .
• 2000 - On April 21, the Chinese Xinhua News Agency first admitted the difficulties the Central Authorities are having in eliminating Falun Gong, citing that "since July 22, 1999, Falun Gong adherents have been on the Tian 'Anmen Square in central Beijing caused trouble almost every day ”.
• 2000 - Zhao Ming, a graduate of Trinity College , Ireland , is transferred to Tuanhe Forced Labor Camp in Beijing in May. Despite international pressure for his release, he has been in a labor camp for two years and is reportedly tortured with electric batons.
• 2000 - In May, foreign Falun Gong practitioners in New York publish the first edition of Dajiyuan, a Chinese-language newspaper intended to serve as an alternative to the state-controlled Chinese media. A website is established in August of the same year.
• 2000 - On October 1st, thousands of Falun Gong practitioners travel to Tian'anmen Square to hold protests against the persecution. Foreign media correspondents witnessed practitioners being beaten by security officials in the square.
• 2000 - In November, while visiting his mother in China, Canadian citizen and art professor Zhang Kunlun was arrested and detained in a forced labor camp, where he was reportedly shocked with electric batons and beaten. Canadian politicians intervene on his behalf and ultimately obtain his release and return to Canada.
• 2001 - On January 23, five people set themselves on fire in Tian'anmen Square. State media claim that it is Falun Gong practitioners who have been driven to suicide by the practice. Falun Gong sources deny involvement as Falun Gong prohibits suicide and violence, arguing that the self-immolation incident in Tian'anmen Square was staged by the government to turn public opinion against the practice. Foreign observers support this assumption. The authorities used the event to escalate a media campaign against the group, which waned support for Falun Gong.
• 2001 - When sympathy for Falun Gong declined in mainland China, the authorities publicly allowed the "systematic use of force" against the group for the first time, established a network of brainwashing centers, and made Falun Gong practitioners "neighborhood by neighborhood and workplace for." Workplace ”.
• 2001 - By February, international concerns about the psychiatric abuse perpetrated against Falun Gong practitioners grew . Several hundred people had been tortured in mental hospitals for refusing to give up the practice.
• 2001 - On November 20, a group of 35 Falun Gong practitioners from 12 different countries gathered in Tian'anmen Square to meditate under a banner that read "Truthfulness-Compassion-Forbearance" - the moral principles of Falun Gong. All are arrested within minutes; some are beaten while resisting arrest.
• 2001 - Falun Gong practitioners in New York set up New Tang Dynasty Television , a Chinese-language news channel, in December to act as an alternative to the state-controlled Chinese media.
• 2001 - On December 23, a New York District Court issued a default judgment against Zhao Zhifei, the public security chief for Hubei province , for his role in the wrongful death and torture of Falun Gong practitioners.

2002 to 2004

In 2002, Falun Gong practitioners completely stopped protesting in Tian'anmen Square, and coverage on Western news channels suddenly declined.

Falun Gong practitioners continued to adopt newer approaches to protesting, including establishing an extensive network of secret production sites for informational materials that were distributed. They tapped TV channels to replace them with content about Falun Gong and the persecution. Practitioners outside of China broadcast television news to China, designed Ultrasurf software to break censorship and internet blockades , and filed many largely symbolic charges against Jiang Zemin and other Chinese officials for genocide and crimes against humanity .

From 2002 to 2004, the three primary positions of power in China were transferred from Jiang Zemin to Hu Jintao. Annual Falun Gong deaths in prisons are reported to increase until 2004. This information is published by Falun Gong sources, but coverage of Falun Gong has decreased over time.

Western practitioners demonstrated in Tian'anmen Square in 2002.

• 2002 - In January, NTDTV broadcasts the documentary False Fire , which analyzes the self-immolation incident in Tian'anmen Square and points to inconsistencies in the Chinese media.
• 2002 - On February 14th, 53 Falun Gong practitioners from North America, Europe and Australia tried to hold a demonstration in Tian'anmen Square. They are jailed and several are attacked by security forces before they are thrown out of China.
• 2002 - On March 5th, six Falun Gong practitioners in Changchun City interrupted TV programs and replaced them with content about Falun Gong and the persecution. Due to the broadcast, some viewers seem to believe that this is a sign that the ban on Falun Gong has been lifted. Chinese citizens gather in public places to celebrate. The Falun Gong broadcasts run for 50 minutes before broadcasting systems can be turned off and electricity is even cut in individual parts of the city to end the broadcast. Over the next three days, security forces in Changchun arrested about 5,000 Falun Gong practitioners. Amnesty International reports that "police control measures have been put in place across the city". All six people involved in the television hacking are later tortured to death.
• 2002 - In June, Jiang visits Zemin Island . Dozens of Falun Gong practitioners from around the world try to travel to the country to protest, but are refused entry. It is discovered that their names are on an international blacklist organized at the behest of the Chinese authorities. This indicates extensive espionage against foreign Falun Gong practitioners.
• 2002 - On July 24th, the US House of Representatives passed a unanimous resolution (House Concurrent Resolution 188) condemning the persecution of Falun Gong in China.
• 2002 - On October 21, Falun Gong practitioners from North America, Europe and Australia filed a criminal complaint against Jiang Zemin, Zeng Qinghong and Luo Gan with the United Nations Human Rights Committee and the International Criminal Court for their involvement in the persecution of Falun Gong.
• 2002 - In November, Hu Jintao begins the process of taking over China's leadership from Jiang Zemin and accepts the post of General Secretary of the Communist Party.
• 2003 - On January 22nd, Falun Gong practitioner and US citizen Dr. Charles Lee arrested by security forces in Nanjing immediately after arriving in China . Lee is sentenced to three years in prison.
• 2003 - On May 1st, Pan Xinchun, deputy consul general of the Chinese Consulate in Toronto, published a letter in the Toronto Star saying that local Falun Gong practitioner Joel Chipkar is a member of a "dark cult." In February 2004, the Ontario Supreme Court found Pan guilty of defamation and requested that he pay Chipkar $ 10,000 in damages. Pan refused to pay and left Canada.
• 2003 - In June, a San Francisco District Court passed a default judgment against Beijing Party Secretary and former Beijing Mayor Liu Qi and Liaoning Province Deputy Governor Xia Deren, who were accused of overseeing the torture of Falun Gong practitioners.
• 2003 - On December 26th, Liu Chengjun, one of the leaders behind the Changchun TV broadcasts, was tortured to death while serving a 19-year prison term.
• 2004 - In October, the US House of Representatives passed a unanimous resolution detailing and condemning the Chinese government's attempts to harass and intimidate Falun Gong practitioners in the United States.
• 2004 - In November, the Epoch Times (Dajiyuan) publishes the "Nine Commentaries on the Communist Party" (Jiuping Gongchandang), a series of articles that criticize the history and human rights abuses of the Communist Party. The publication marks the beginning of a trend in which Falun Gong practitioners are more openly critical of the Communist Party.
• 2004 - In December, well-known Weiquan lawyer Gao Zhisheng wrote to the National People's Congress writing about torture and sexual abuse of Falun Gong practitioners in custody. In response to his letter, Gao's law firm was closed, his lawyer license revoked, and Gao himself placed under house arrest.

2005 to 2007

As Falun Gong becomes more open in its allegations against the Chinese Communist Party, allegations have surfaced that Chinese security agencies are engaged in large-scale espionage activities against Falun Gong practitioners overseas and that Falun Gong prisoners are being killed in China for China's organ transplant industry to supply with organs. ü

• 2005 - On February 15, Li Hongzhi made a statement renouncing his former membership in the Communist Youth Association.
• 2005 - On June 4, Chinese diplomat Chen Yonglin, a political consul at the Chinese consulate in Sydney, defected to Australia. He reports that a large part of his job was to monitor and harass Falun Gong practitioners in Australia. A few days later, on June 8th, Hao Fengjun, a former member of the Tianjin City 610 Office , went public with his story. Hao shares how he defected and the mistreatment of Falun Gong practitioners in China.
• 2005 - On June 16, Amnesty International reported that Gao Rongrong was tortured to death in Shenyang at the age of 37 .
• 2005 - In June, the number of Falun Gong practitioners killed as a result of torture and abuse in custody was estimated at more than 2,500.
• 2006 - United Nations Special Rapporteur on Torture Manfred Nowak publishes the results of his 2005 investigation into torture in China. Nowak reports that two-thirds of the reported torture cases were directed against Falun Gong practitioners.
• 2006 - In March, three suspected whistleblowers from China alleged that vital organs were being used to supply the organ transplant industry by large numbers of Falun Gong practitioners in Shenyang City without their consent.
• 2006 - In April 2006, during his state visit to Washington, DC , Chinese Communist Party leader Hu Jintao tried to convince President Bush to publicly call Falun Gong an "evil cult" that should be banned. Bush refuses.
• 2006 - In July 2006, former Canadian Secretary of State and Attorney General David Kilgour and Canadian human rights attorney David Matas released the results of their investigations into organ harvesting from Falun Gong practitioners in China . From the evidence you have gathered, which is largely circumstantial, Kilgour and Matas conclude that involuntary organ extractions from Falun Gong practitioners in China are widespread and ongoing. Chinese officials deny the allegations.

The human rights torch relay started on August 9, 2007 in Athens, Greece.

• 2006 - Falun Gong practitioners in the United States form Shen Yun Performing Arts , a performing arts company specializing in classical Chinese dance, Chinese folk dances, and ethnic minority dances, and toured internationally in 2007.
• 2007 - Falun Gong sources report that verified deaths from persecution exceed 3,000.
• 2007 - In August, Falun Gong practitioners launched the Human Rights Torch Relay , which will take place in over 35 countries from 2007 to 2008 before the Beijing Olympics. This international event is designed to draw attention to a number of human rights issues in China in the context of the Olympics, particularly those related to Falun Gong and Tibet . The human rights torch relay receives support not only from hundreds of politicians, former Olympic medalists and human rights groups, but also from organizations that have themselves been affected by human rights violations in China.

2008 to 2010

High-level Chinese authorities continue to campaign vigorously against Falun Gong, including sensitive events and anniversaries, and intensify efforts to force Falun Gong practitioners to be "transformed" in detention centers and re-education facilities. Lawyers representing Falun Gong practitioners continue to face penalties from Chinese authorities, including harassment, disability and imprisonment.

Falun Gong practitioners recreate scenes of torture in New York City .

• 2008 - On February 6, popular folk musician Yu Zhou was tortured to death 11 days after he was arrested in Beijing. His wife, artist Xu Na, is sentenced to three years in prison for carrying Falun Gong literature.
• 2008 - In the first six months, over 8,000 Falun Gong practitioners are kidnapped by security forces on the pretext of "preventing protests during the Beijing Olympics."
• 2009 - Communist Party's heir to the throne Xi Jinping is given responsibility for Project 6521 to crack down on Tibetans, democracy activists, and Falun Gong practitioners on sensitive anniversaries. Zhou Yongkang is leading a parallel campaign to crack down on Falun Gong practitioners, ethnic separatists and protests.
• 2009 - In March, the US House of Representatives passed a resolution confirming and condemning the ongoing persecution of Falun Gong in China.
• 2009 - On May 13th, Weiquan lawyers Zhang Kai and Li Chunfu were severely beaten and detained in Chongqing for investigating the death of 66-year-old Falun Gong practitioner Jiang Xiqing, who was murdered in a labor camp.
• 2009 - On July 4th, lawyer Wang Yonghang from Dalian City was taken from his home by security agents , interrogated and beaten for defending Falun Gong practitioners. In November 2009, Wang was sentenced to seven years in prison at a closed hearing for advocating on behalf of Falun Gong practitioners. His lawyers reported after visiting in January 2010 that he had been tortured.
• 2009 - In November, Jiang Zemin and other high-ranking Chinese officials were tried by a Spanish court on charges of genocide and crimes against humanity and their involvement in the persecution of Falun Gong. A month later, an Argentine judge concluded that top Chinese officials Jiang Zemin and Luo Gan were using a "genocidal strategy" to destroy Falun Gong and asked Interpol to arrest them.
• 2010 - Over 100 Falun Gong practitioners are kidnapped and arrested in Shanghai in connection with the Shanghai World's Fair. Some are tortured because they refuse to give up Falun Gong.
• 2010 - In the spring of this year, the Chinese authorities launch a new three-year campaign aimed at violently re-educating large sections of the well-known Falun Gong population by forcing them to attend re-education sessions.
• 2010 - On April 22nd, Beijing attorneys Liu Wei and Tang Jitian were revoked from their bar license for defending Falun Gong practitioners.

2011 to 2013

The persecution continues unhindered. However, there are lawsuits against companies abroad that directly or indirectly support the persecution in China. Furthermore, resentment about the persecution is emerging among Chinese people and practitioners are being supported.

• 2011 - Falun Gong practitioner Ms. Qin Yueming dies in Jiamusi Prison in February . His family reported that his body was covered with bruises and blood was in his nose, even though authorities said the cause of his death was a heart attack. A petition to redress his death received over 15,000 signatures. Qin's wife and daughter are subsequently imprisoned and tortured for drawing attention to the case.
• 2011 - In May, a lawsuit was filed against Cisco on behalf of Falun Gong practitioners. The lawsuit alleges (mainly based on internal Cisco documents) that the technology company “designed and implemented a surveillance system for the Chinese Communist Party, even though it knew it was intended to exterminate members of the Falun Gong religion and subject them to imprisonment, forced labor and torture ”.
• 2011 - In Hebei Province , 3,000 Chinese people sign a petition calling for the release of detained Falun Gong practitioners Zhou Xiangyang and Li Shanshan, who were detained in Gangbei Prison and Tangshan Re-education Camp, respectively.
• 2012 - In April, 300 families in Zhouguantun Village, Botou City , Hebei Province signed a petition calling for the release of Wang Xiaodong, a local Falun Gong practitioner who was arrested at his home on February 25th .
• 2012 - In June, 15,000 people in Heilongjiang Province signed and fingerprinted a petition calling on the government to investigate the death of Falun Gong practitioner Qin Yueming, who died in prison.
• 2012 - In early June, Falun Gong practitioner Li Lankui was arrested and sent to a re-education-through-labor labor camp in Hebei Province. Hundreds of villagers are mobilizing and demanding that Li be released. They sign a petition calling for an end to the persecution of Falun Gong. This leads to further crackdowns by security forces and the arrest of at least 16 villagers. Some later report that they were tortured only for supporting Li Lankui.
• 2012 - In December, a woman in Oregon finds a letter in both Chinese and English in a box of Halloween decorations she bought at the Kmart shopping mall . The letter explains that these decorative items were collected at Masanjia Women's Forced Labor Camp (Unit 8, Division 2). It also describes the forced labor conditions in the camp and that many of the prisoners are Falun Gong practitioners who have been detained without trial. The letter's author, a Falun Gong practitioner from Beijing, was later identified by the New York Times .
• 2012 - A Freedom House analyst commented on the persecution in a hearing before the Congressional Executive Commission on China : “Today, Chinese citizens who practice Falun Gong are at constant risk of kidnapping and torture. The name of the practice, its founder Li Hongzhi, and a wide range of homonyms are among the most censored terms on the Chinese internet. Any mention in the state media or by Chinese diplomats is inevitably formulated as demonization. "
• 2013 - Authorities from the Central 610 Office launch a new three-year campaign again calling for the ideological "re-education" of Falun Gong practitioners. Local governments set quotas and targets for the number of Falun Gong practitioners to be re-educated and the appropriate means to do so.
• 2013 - A photojournalism magazine in China publishes an exposé listing human rights violations perpetrated on female prisoners at Masanjia Women's Forced Labor Camp in Shenyang . In the synopsis, it is estimated that about half of the prisoners in this re-education center are Falun Gong practitioners. The article was promptly removed from the magazine's website, but not before a nationwide opposition had formed condemning the labor camp system. Soon after, New York Times photographer Du Bin published a documentary about Masanjia Labor Camp.
• 2013 - Chinese officials begin dismantling the nationwide network of re-education-through-labor labor camps, where Falun Gong practitioners constitute a significant portion of the prisoners. Human rights organizations expressed their skepticism about the reforms, noting that “the authorities are increasingly finding alternative ways to persecute people who would have previously been sent to a camp, such as the police. B. Arbitrary Detention and Prosecution ”. Freedom House reports, "... For Falun Gong practitioners, the abolition of re-education-through-labor camp systems coincided with increased use of prison terms on the one hand and incarceration in extrajudicial 'legal' training centers' for forced conversion on the other."
• 2013 - On December 12th, the European Parliament passed a resolution against organ harvesting in China, which is taking place "on a large scale from Falun Gong practitioners imprisoned for their religious beliefs and members of other religious and ethnic minorities", and calls for both "the immediate release of all prisoners of conscience" and "that the EU and its member states take up the issue of organ harvesting in China".

2014 to 2016

Falun Gong practitioners continue to be persecuted and used along with other dissidents as organ sources for China's transplant industry. Outside of China, condemnation of the persecution and organ harvesting in China is increasing.

• 2014 - In March, the European Economic and Social Committee meets in Brussels for a follow-up event on organ transplant abuse in China. In it the participants and speakers confirmed the content and recommendations of the resolution of the European Parliament.
• 2014 - In April, four lawyers were arrested in northeast China and reportedly tortured by the police for investigating abuses against Falun Gong practitioners held at the Qinglongshan Peasant Education Center.
• 2014 - In July, the U.S. House of Representatives' Foreign Affairs Subcommittee unanimously passed a resolution condemning state-sanctioned organ harvesting from Falun Gong inmates and minority members, and calling for an end to the abuse of transplant methods against religious and ethnic minorities.
• 2014 - In August, China analyst Ethan Gutmann publishes his book "The Slaughter: Mass Murders, Organ Harvesting and China's Secret Solution to Its Dissident Problem". In it he reports that hundreds of thousands of Falun Gong followers are imprisoned in the Laogai system and that at least 65,000 have been murdered for their organs, according to his research. Gutmann points out that in addition to Falun Gong, Uyghurs , Tibetans and members of Christian house churches were also the target of organ harvesting.
• 2015 - On February 9, the Ärzte Zeitung published an article by Huige Li, Professor of Vascular Pharmacology at the University of Mainz, who commented on the current transplant system in China and confirmed that there has been no real change in behavior in China to date.
• 2015 - On March 5, the Italian Senate passes a bill banning organ trafficking from living donors. Senator Maurizio Romani said that organs from Falun Gong practitioners are the predominant source of transplanted organs.
• 2015 - In June, Taiwan passed an amendment to its transplant law to ban the sale and purchase of organs, including from overseas. The law also prohibits the use of organs from executed prisoners.
• 2015 - On November 10th, David Matas and David Kilgour pointed out in their speech at TEDxMünchen that nothing has changed in the crime of state-sanctioned organ harvesting from Falun Gong practitioners, only some hospitals are no longer continuing to do so, to advertise it so blatantly. In addition, the Chinese government still fails to answer where the organs for the transplants come from.
• 2016 - On February 18, the documentary “Disused - Organs on Order” will be broadcast on 3sat . “Disused - Organs Made to Order” is the German version of the multiple award-winning Canadian documentary “ Human Harvest ”, which processes the Kilgour-Matas investigation report with witnesses and comments from Professor Huige Li. In an interview with 3sat, Li reports that 500 Chinese transplant doctors were trained in Germany in 2013.
• 2016 - In March, after a hearing in the Foreign Affairs Subcommittee of the US House of Representatives on the 2015 Human Rights Report and the Human Rights Situation in China, the House of Commons passed revised Resolution 343 of June 2015, prohibiting state-sanctioned organ harvesting from Falun Gong prisoners and other minorities convicts and calls on the US State Department to carry out a detailed analysis of this crime and publish it in the annual human rights report. Furthermore, entry into the USA is to be banned for Chinese who are involved in organ harvesting. This resolution was passed unanimously by the US House of Representatives on June 13, 2016. Chinese Embassy spokesman Zhu Haiquan replied to the resolution that the allegations were fabricated and baseless. He called Falun Gong an anti-China movement and again asked Congress to withdraw its support for this spiritual practice, which combines meditation with qigong exercises and a moral philosophy and is based on the principles of honesty and kindness.
• 2016 - On April 27, 12 EU MPs from five political groups submit the “Written Declaration 48/2016 on measures against the removal of organs from prisoners for reasons of conscience in China”, which calls on the Commission and the Council of the European Parliament to adopt the Parliament's resolution of December 12, 2013 to implement organ harvesting in China and report to parliament on the matter. The Written Declaration is adopted by a majority of MPs from all member states and parliamentary groups in the European Parliament. EU Parliament President Martin Schulz will read out the voting results and the content of Written Declaration 48/2016 at the first session of Parliament in Strasbourg on September 12, 2016.
• 2016 - On June 22nd, David Kilgour, David Matas and Ethan Gutmann published the jointly prepared research report " Bloody Harvest / The Slaughter - An Update ". The 680-page report provides forensic analysis from over 2,300 sources, including publicly available figures from Chinese hospitals and interviews with doctors who claim to have performed thousands of transplants; Media reports, public statements, medical journals and publicly available databases. According to the research report, between 2000 and 2015, 712 liver and kidney transplant centers across China have performed approximately 1.5 million organ transplants, an average of between 60,000 and 100,000 per year, without China having a functioning organ donation system. A total of 865 hospitals are said to be involved in the organ harvesting. The report finds that the number of organ transplants in China is far higher than the Chinese government said; the organ sources for this high number of organ transplants come from killed innocent Uyghurs, Tibetans, members of Christian house churches, and mainly Falun Gong practitioners; and organ harvesting is a crime in China involving the Communist Party, state institutions, the health system, hospitals and transplant doctors.
• 2016 - A debate on “Organ Harvesting in China” will take place in the House of Commons on October 11th . Rep. Jim Shannon emphasized the importance of dealing with the organ harvesting from Falun Gong practitioners in China and introduced the participants to the history of the investigation results, which have been carried out since 2006 by David Kilgour, David Matas, Ethan Gutmann and other investigators were published. Panellists include Sir Alan Duncan , Minister for Europe and the American Countries, Lilian Greenwood , Fiona Bruce , Patrick Grady , Richard Graham , Margaret Ferrier , Dr. Matthew Offord , Martyn Day and Catherine West . Shannon closes the debate by calling on the UK government to address this issue internationally so that the international community can end organ harvesting in China: "If we can do that, this House [House of Commons] will work with those of the rest of the world, who are also in favor of an end to this nefarious and terrible kind of organ transplant. ”The debate will be broadcast on October 15th on the BBC .
• 2016 - On October 28th, international investigators meet in Berlin to share their findings on organ harvesting from Falun Gong practitioners and other dissidents in China. Speakers include Dr. Zhiyuan Wang, President of the World Organization to Investigate the Persecution of Falun Gong (WOIPFG), a non-governmental organization founded in 2003, and his deputy Professor Sen Nieh, who have been collecting evidence for ten years and, as undercover agents, telephoned numerous perpetrators in China who willingly provide them with information gifts. The China analyst Ethan Gutmann describes his own investigations from 2006 to 2016 and mentions that although the organ harvesting is mainly carried out from Falun Gong practitioners, testimonies show that internal investigations on members of the labor camps were carried out in 2002 House churches and from 2003 on Tibetans. Gutmann also mentions that the "forced disappearance" of Tibetans has been increasing since 2013 and that since 2015 there have even been blood tests on Falun Gong practitioners in their private homes. Martin Patzelt , member of the Bundestag , emphasizes that this matter is not limited to China and the people affected there, but that it concerns us all. MEP Arne Gericke , initiator of the “Written Declaration 48-2016”, speaks about the need to make these topics accessible to the public. Former Vice-President of the European Union Edward McMillan-Scott has his own research read aloud as he cannot attend the forum in person. Arne Schwarz, who examined the role of Western pharmaceutical companies in China by analyzing medical literature and described it at the forum, accuses pharmaceutical companies such as Hoffmann-La Roche , Novartis and Sandoz and western transplant centers in the USA, Australia and Europe are harvesting organs in China indirectly promoted.
• 2016 - On November 21, human rights lawyer Jiang Tianyong disappeared . Jiang was last arrested in March 2014 after investigating an illegal detention facility (" black prison ") in Jiansanjiang, Heilongjiang Province, where Falun Gong practitioners are being held.
• 2016 - On November 23, the Italian Chamber of Deputies unanimously passed the draft law against organ trafficking of March 5, 2015. The law punishes any person who illegally trades, sells or acquires organs of a living person with a prison sentence of three to twelve years and a fine of 50,000 to 300,000 euros. If the offense is committed by a person working in the healthcare sector, this person will be excluded from the relevant professional association. If the crime is committed by a criminal organization, the sentence is five to fifteen years in prison.

2017 to 2018

• 2017 - Amnesty International noted in its 2016/17 Human Rights Report that Falun Gong practitioners continue to be persecuted and are subject to arbitrary arrest, unfair trials, torture and other ill-treatment.
• 2017 - In February, Mario Mondelli, editor-in-chief of the specialist journal Liver International , withdrew the publication of a study by two Chinese luminaries on liver transplants and issued the authors Shusen Zheng and Sheng Yan a "lifelong publication ban". Both were involved in a study that reported over 563 surgeries that took place between 2010 and 2014. At Mondelli's request, neither the two, nor the Zhejiang University First Affiliate Hospital in Hangzhou, where the study was carried out, were able to provide any solid explanation that the operations had met ethical standards.
• 2017 - In April, the United States Commission on International Religious Freedom (USCIRF) publishes its 2017 annual report, denouncing the deterioration in freedom of belief and religion and related human rights in China. According to USCIRF, the Chinese government continues to arrest, detain and torture Falun Gong practitioners who have been severely persecuted since 1999. USCIRF draws attention to the findings of the International Coalition to End Organ Pillaging in China , which exposed the extent of organ harvesting from Falun Gong practitioners and other dissidents in China from 2000 to 2016.
• 2017 - On April 4, Canadian Conservative MP Garnett Genuis announced during a press conference at the National Press Theater that he would like to reactivate Bill C-561. Bill C-561 punishes those in Canada and abroad who “knowingly trade in or acquire human organs that have been removed without the consent of the organ source or for financial gain.” Bill C-561 also changes the Immigration and Refugee Protection Act to include those involved in organ trafficking are no longer eligible to come to Canada. Garnett told the press that he was pursuing two issues with the bill: first, that it was a criminal offense for Canadian citizens to have organs that they know or should know are being obtained illegally; second, it relates to Chinese officials and other leaders in a country. The law does not directly designate a country, but it is obvious that it is a major issue in China.
• 2017 - On April 7th, the Vienna City Council passed a motion brought in by the ÖVP , the SPÖ and the Greens to condemn the systematic removal of organs from living prisoners of faith - especially Falun Gong supporters. The motion was unanimously accepted by all parties. As a result, Vienna is the first capital of an EU member state to support the implementation of the resolution of the EU Parliament of December 12, 2013 at the regional level. In its motion, the Vienna City Council condemns “the systematic, state-approved organ removal from prisoners in the People's Republic of China, which are carried out without the consent of the persons concerned, as well as, on a large scale, from Falun Gong followers and members of politically persecuted, religious and ethnic minorities ". Furthermore, the application calls on the federal government of Austria to take an active part in ensuring that “the abuse of organ transplants in China is publicly discussed and condemned”, an international commission is to be established “in order to investigate the practices of organ transplants in China and illegal organ harvesting and the international community should work “for the immediate release of all prisoners of conscience”.
• 2017 - In July 2017, the Irish Parliament held a hearing before the Oireachtas Joint Committee on Foreign Affairs, Trade and Defense . Participants included Ethan Gutmann, David Matas and transplant surgeons Conall O'Seaghdha and James McDaid; Brendan Smith chaired the committee. Ethan Gutmann pointed out that dissidents are still the target of organ harvesting in China, and that China's $ 8 to 9 billion transplant industry continues as normal. David Matas called for disclosure of China's transplant registries, and Irish legislation banning organ advertising, brokering and trafficking and prosecuting anyone traveling to China for an organ transplant. Kidney transplant surgeon James McDaid pointed out that China “is unprecedented in the execution of prisoners for the sale of their organs. Members of multiple ethnic and religious groups are imprisoned for their beliefs and mercilessly executed to use their organs for transplants. ”McDaid reported that the Vatican invited two Chinese surgeons to the“ International Organ Trade and Transplant Tourism ”conference in February 2017 , who“ openly admitted the unethical executions of prisoners for organs ”. Conall O'Seaghdha, Medical Director of the National Kidney Transplant Service in Ireland, condemned the practice of transplant tourism and called for an end to the shameless organ harvesting from living people in China. Brendan Smith pointed out that a European agreement against trafficking in human organs had already been adopted in 2015 and that he would inform the Minister of Health about the hearing in order to move forward with legislation. Smith was sure of the support of the two chambers of the Oireachtas. In addition, he wanted to call on the Foreign Minister to discuss this subject at the Council of Foreign Ministers of the European Union.

• 2018 - After 119 Falun Gong practitioners from Harbin and Daqing , Heilongjiang City, were abducted by Chinese police on November 9, 2018 , the US State Department called on the Chinese Communist Party to stop the persecution of Falun Gong. A US State Department spokesman told an Epoch Times reporter on November 29, "We urge the Chinese authorities to lift the ban on Falun Gong so they can freely practice and practice their beliefs in accordance with international human rights obligations. Religious freedom is critical to a peaceful, stable, and prosperous society. ”The State Department also noted that the United States continues to urge China to promote and protect freedom of religion for all citizens, including those who are ethnic and belong to religious minorities and those who practice their beliefs outside of officially recognized institutions, including unregistered churches, temples, mosques and other places of worship.

• 2018 - On November 21, 2018, Bitter Winter , an online English language magazine from CESNUR , published a Liaoning Provincial Secret Police document known as the 610 Office . The leaked document from Liaoning Province calls for proactive attacks, high-pressure intimidation, and the establishment of special forces as the key to an overall increased effort to persecute Falun Gong . The document also calls for increased surveillance of Chinese social media and chat groups to control and censor their participants and prevent them from spreading messages about Falun Gong. The document also states that anyone by the 610 Office who provides information to the US-based Minghui.org, a website documenting the persecution of Falun Gong in China, should be targeted. Observers: Massimo Introvigne , editor-in-chief of Bitter Winter and founder of CESNUR, an Italian non-profit center for new religion study that advocates religious freedom , told the Chinese-language Epoch Times that one should not believe the Chinese Communist Party is persecuting some groups because they are “extremist or violent”: “This is just Chinese propaganda. ... it simply persecutes groups that are growing rapidly and seen as potentially threatening to the Communist Party's cultural hegemony. ... False reports of extremist doctrines and violence are later created to justify the persecution. "Tina Mufford, assistant director of research and policy for the United States Commission on International Religious Freedom , described the document as alarming and worrying:" It is a Signal that the international community needs to pay more attention to marginalized communities like Falun Gong. ”Mufford added,“ It is so shocking because these are people who have done nothing wrong; they have broken no laws, they have committed no crimes, and yet the Chinese authorities are targeting and arresting them. ”Rosita Šoryte, president of the Italy-based International Observatory of Religious Liberty of Refugees (ORLIR), a research group that collaborates Employing and advocating refugees from religious persecution, wrote that "the Chinese authorities are continuing their policies of persecution, torture and extermination instead of dialogue and mutual respect and understanding."

2019

• 2019 - Radio Free Asia reported on May 17 that North Korea began cracking down on Falun Gong with support from China. A raid against Falun Gong was carried out in the capital, Pyongyang, as the city is believed to have seen a surge in supporters among its population. A Pyongyang source reported that "the judicial authorities are fighting because the spread of Falun Gong among Pyongyang citizens has increased beyond their expectations." In early April, the police called on citizens to "voluntarily" report their status as Falun Gong practitioners. Otherwise, after the “grace period”, a severe punishment should be imposed on anyone who did not report within the specified period. However, the crackdown that began after the set deadline, which is the first persecution of Falun Gong in North Korea, is believed to have increased the public's attention to Falun Gong, which made Falun Gong more popular. In the first raids, 100 Falun Gong practitioners were arrested and sentenced to forced labor or detention depending on the "severity of their crime". According to Radio Free Asia, the high number of people arrested has created tension among the police, as they cannot predict how many Falun Gong practitioners will be arrested and because Falun Gong is spreading more and more among senior government officials and their families. Because of North Korea's caste system, only the highest Songbunen (those who run the Korean Communist Workers' Party) are allowed to live in Pyongyang, which means that the persecution of Falun Gong is aimed directly at the elite of the North Korean Communist Party. Another Pyongyang source likened the crackdown on Falun Gong to a war against the religion itself, similar to the way North Korea has persecuted adherents of other religions in the past. North Korea's constitution allows freedom of religious belief, but true religious freedom does not exist.

See also

• Persecution of Falun Gong
• Organ harvesting from Falun Gong practitioners
• Kilgour Matas Investigation Report
• Kilgour-Matas-Gutmann investigation report

literature

• David Ownby: Falun Gong and the Future of China. Oxford University Press, 2008, ISBN 978-0-19-532905-6 .
• David Ownby, The Falun Gong in the New World , European Journal of East Asian Studies, Vol. 2 Issue 2, Brill Online Books, September 2003, ISSN 1568-0584.
• Benjamin Penny: The Religion of Falun Gong. University of Chicago Press, 2012, ISBN 978-0-226-65501-7 .
• David A. Palmer: Qigong Fever: Body, Science, and Utopia in China. Columbia University Press, New York 2007, ISBN 978-0-231-14066-9 .
• Kenneth S. Cohen: The Way of Qigong: The Art and Science of Chinese Energy Healing. Ballantine, New York 1999, ISBN 0-345-42109-4 .
• Xiaoyang Zhu, Benjamin Penny (ed.): The Qigong Boom. , Chinese Sociology and Anthropology, Vol. 27, No. 1, ME Sharpe Publisher, 1994, ISSN 0009-4625.
• Jennifer Zeng: Witnessing History: One Chinese Woman's Fight for Freedom. , Soho Press, 2005, ISBN 978-1-74114-400-0 .
• Danny Schechter: Falun Gong's Challenge to China: Spiritual Practice Or "Evil Cult" ?. Akashic Books, New York 2000, ISBN 978-1-888451-27-6 .
• Noah Porter: Falun Gong in the United States: An Ethnographic Study: Publisher Dissertation.com, Universal Publishers, 2003, ISBN 1-581-12190-3 .
• James Tong: Revenge of the Forbidden City, The Suppression of the Falungong in China. 1999-2005, Oxford University Press, 2010, ISBN 978-0-19-537728-6 .
• Hairen Zong: Zhu Rongji in 1999. Publisher Ming Jing, Trove, National Library of Australia, 2001, ISBN 962-8744-51-8 .
• Mickey Spiegel: Dangerous Meditation: China's Campaign Against Falungong, Human Rights Watch. 2002, ISBN 1-56432-270-X .

Web links

• Series of Articles on the Persecution of Falun Gong by Ian Johnson

Individual evidence

1. ↑ ^{a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab} David Ownby, Falun Gong and the Future of China, Oxford University Press, p. 89, 2008, ISBN 978-0-19-532905-6
2. ↑ ^{a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w} Benjamin Penny, The Religion of Falun Gong , University of Chicago Press, March 1, 2012, accessed February 21, 2018
3. ↑ ^{a b c d e f g h i j} David A. Palmer, Qigong Fever: Body, Science, and Utopia in China , New York: Columbia University Press, March 2007, ISBN 9780231140669 , accessed March 4, 2017
4. ↑ Kenneth S. Cohen, The Way of Qigong: The Art and Science of Chinese Energy Healing , Random House, Inc., March 9, 1999, accessed March 4, 2017
5. ↑ Xiaoyang Zhu, Benjamin Penny (ed.), The Qigong Boom , Chinese Sociology and Anthropology, Vol. 27, No. 1, ME Sharpe Publisher, 1994, accessed March 4, 2017
6. ^ ^{A b c d} Benjamin Penny, The Life and Times of Li Hongzhi: Falun Gong and Religious Biography , The China Quarterly, Vol. 175, pp. 643-661, September 1, 2003, accessed March 4, 2017
7. ↑ Xiaoyang Zhu, Benjamin Penny (ed.), The Qigong Boom , Chinese Sociology and Anthropology, Vol. 27, No. 1, pp. 13-20, ME Sharpe Publisher, 1994, accessed March 4, 2017
8. ↑ ^{a b c} Jennifer Zeng, Witnessing History: One Chinese Woman's Fight for Freedom , Soho Press, January 1, 2005, pp. 329-335, ISBN 9781741144000 , accessed February 21, 2018
9. ↑ David Ownby, The Falun Gong in the New World ( Memento April 8, 2016 in the Internet Archive ), European Journal of East Asian Studies, Vol. 2 Issue 2, p. 306, Brill Online Books, September 2003, accessed on April 4, 2003 March 2017
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