Datteln power station

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Datteln power station
On the left the disused old blocks 1–3, on the right the newly built block 4 with a new cooling tower (height 180 meters)
On the left the disused old blocks 1–3, on the right the newly built block 4 with a new cooling tower (height 180 meters)
location
Datteln power plant (North Rhine-Westphalia)
Datteln power station
Coordinates 51 ° 37 '47 "  N , 7 ° 19' 53"  E Coordinates: 51 ° 37 '47 "  N , 7 ° 19' 53"  E
country Germany
data
Type Hard coal power plant
Primary energy Fossil energy
fuel Hard coal
power 1100 megawatts (block 4)
owner Uniper power plants
operator Uniper
Start of project 1950–1960 years (blocks 1–3)
2007 (block 4)
Start of operations 1964 (Block 1)
1965 (Block 2)
1969 (Block 3)
May 30, 2020 (Block 4)
Shutdown February 2014 (blocks 1–3)
no later than 2038 (block 4)
Chimney height 180 m
f2

The Datteln power plant is a German hard coal power plant . It is located near Datteln on the Dortmund-Ems Canal . The operator of the power plant is Uniper Kraftwerke GmbH. Three blocks from the 1960s have been shut down since 2014; a 1100 megawatt block built from 2007 onwards went into operation on May 30, 2020. The start of operations was accompanied by protests. According to Die Zeit , the power plant is "a symbol of the resistance of climate activists to coal-fired power generation." Lawsuits against the development plan delayed the project for several years. At the beginning of 2017, a special permit for the completion and operation of Block 4 was granted.

The power plant is more efficient, but because of this it will also be more profitable and thus more heavily utilized compared to a scenario in which older and more inefficient power plants would be operated instead. Additional emissions of 10 to 13 million tonnes of CO 2 are assumed over the entire life of the power plant. In order to offset these additional emissions, the federal government states that it will shut down additional coal-fired power plants. With reference to the German Institute for Economic Research , critics doubt that there would be no additional emissions.

On August 26, 2021, the Higher Administrative Court (OVG) Münster ruled that the development plan for the city of Datteln was ineffective. The choice of location for the power plant was incorrect. A lawsuit by the nature conservation association BUND , residents and the neighboring town of Waltrop was thus justified. The court did not allow a revision of the judgment. However, the power plant will not be taken directly from the grid. Because the judicial decision concerns the location, but not the immission control approval of the power plant. The BUND also wants to challenge this in court.

Technical specifications

Overview of all power plant blocks

Blocks of the Datteln power plant
block fuel Combustion heat output Gross power (electrical) Net power (electr.) District heating output start of building Installation Shutdown
1 Hard coal 0100 MW 095 MW 084 MW 1964 February 2014
2 Hard coal 0100 MW 095 MW 084 MW 1965 February 2014
3 Hard coal 0119 MW 0113 MW 084 MW 1969 February 2014
4th Hard coal 2400 MW 1100 MW 1052 MW 380 MW 2007 May 30, 2020

Power plant blocks 1–3

Datteln power plant on the Dortmund-Ems Canal
On the right the coal mixing plant
The new Datteln IV power plant

The original power plant, which has two chimneys each 165 meters high, has a net electrical output of 303  MW , distributed across the three power plant blocks 1 to 3, which were commissioned in 1964, 1965 and 1969 and were shut down in February 2014. It was used to generate single-phase traction power and district heating . 20 percent of the German traction current was generated by the Datteln power station. 45 percent of all households in Datteln are supplied with district heating by the power plant.

Blocks 1 and 2 were identical in construction and each had melting chamber boilers with 2 partial load units per block, while block 3 had a boiler with dry ash removal.

The coal was processed with beater mills for blocks 1 and 2 and with vertical roller mills in block 3.

Expiry of the operating license for power plant units 1–3

The operating license for the old power plant expired on December 31, 2012. At the end of 2006, E.ON (now Uniper) notified the licensing authorities that units 1 to 3 and auxiliary boilers 6 and 7 would be shut down as of December 31, 2012. Due to the notification by E.ON, the supervisory authorities did not initiate a procedure to review and adapt the old power plant units to the current 13th BImSchV immediately after December 31, 2006 . Otherwise, the old system would have had to be retrofitted very laboriously and cost-intensive in 2007 in order to continue operating. When the 2006 decommissioning declaration was submitted, there was still no approved development plan and no approval for the construction of a new power plant.

E.ON reacted to the disputes over the new building of Block 4 and renewed the filter systems in Blocks 1 to 3. As a result, the currently valid limit values ​​have been complied with again since January 1, 2011. An application has been made to continue operating the three old units. According to the wishes of the NRW Environment Ministry , headed by Johannes Remmel , the energy supplier E.ON should take its coal-fired power plant blocks Datteln 1 to 3 off the grid by December 31, 2012 as planned. The ministry stated that it was not possible to revoke E.ON's 2006 decommissioning declaration. A decommissioning declaration once issued is legally binding and cannot be revoked.

In November 2012, the Ministry of the Environment announced that the three blocks could continue to be operated with a temporary special permit until a converter station was commissioned in February 2014, which can convert electricity from the public grid into traction current. The railway had previously warned of a lack of electricity and train failures in winter.

New construction of the Datteln 4 power plant (sblock) from 2007

Uniper Kraftwerke GmbH (formerly E.on Kraftwerke GmbH) built a new power plant at the Datteln location on the opposite side of the Dortmund-Ems Canal from 2007. Commissioning was originally planned for 2011.

The block is also known as the Datteln 4 (or IV) power plant. This continues the numbering of the previous 3 adjacent blocks, but Datteln 4 can be seen as an independent system. What they have in common is the geographical proximity of 840 m (center-center), the location at the Datteln canal cross , the fact that they are on opposite banks of the canal, the fact that they are on a railway track from SW to ONO, and a very similar location with regard to the high-voltage network and the traction power network.

Since the development plan has meanwhile been declared ineffective and serious technical problems arose on the boiler after the resumption of construction work, the completion and commissioning of the power plant was delayed. As of October 2017, Datteln 4 was the only coal-fired power plant under construction in all of Western Europe.

The commissioning phase was formally concluded with the commercial commissioning on May 30, 2020.

Technical specifications

The Datteln 4 power plant (designed in 2014) has an electrical output of 1,100 MW (gross) and 1,052 MW (net) from 2,600 MW of thermal input , i.e. a gross efficiency of 42%. Datteln 4 is thus the most efficient hard coal power plant in Europe with only one power plant unit. The cooling tower , which is also supposed to discharge the exhaust gases from the power plant by introducing pure gas, is to be one of the world's highest natural draft cooling towers with a height of approx. 180 m . [outdated]

For the new power plant, which should be the first of a new generation of power plants, an electrical efficiency of over 45 percent is aimed for. Datteln 4 serves as a replacement system for the decommissioned power plants in Datteln (units 1 to 3; 319 MW electrical gross), Herne ( Shamrock power plant ; 132 MW net) and in Dortmund ( Gustav Knepper power plant ; 390 MW). It is to be fired with imported hard coal, which is mainly to be delivered via the Dortmund-Ems Canal. Of the 1,100 MW gross output, 413 MW traction current is to be provided as 16.7 Hz electricity and 642 MW as 50 Hz electricity for the public supply. In addition, up to 380 MW of district heating is to be extracted on the basis of combined heat and power (CHP), which would increase the fuel efficiency to up to 60 percent. Deutsche Bahn is obliged to purchase more than 400 megawatts under a long-term contract. This corresponds to around a quarter of the traction current required for driving.

In March 2018, boiler problems became known due to the special steel 7CrMoVTiB10-10 (T24) used, which had to be resolved before the power plant could go into operation. Such problems were previously also with other coal-fired power plants such. B. occurred in the Duisburg-Walsum power plant . In July 2018, the operator began to replace the entire walls of the boiler because the weld seams were not stable enough. They should be replaced by a different type of steel. Because of the problems, Uniper wrote off 270 million euros.

Utilization and full load hours

Even before the power plant was commissioned, the federal government assumed that the capacity utilization at the new power plant would be above average.

The BUND reckons with 60 to 70 percent, i.e. possibly more than twice as much as with a comparable power plant. Due to the current development a very high value, real numbers are now available:

The percentage full load of Datteln 4 compared to the remaining hard coal power plants in Germany in 2020
May 2020 June 2020 July 2020 August 2020 September 2020 October 2020 November 2020 December 2020 2020
Dates 4 49.1 22.7 50.6 41.3 17.3 39.9 - 4.4 24.6
Ø Germany 13.4 12.8 12.7 15.7 33 27.3 36.1 34.9 23.6
The percentage full load of Datteln 4 compared to the remaining hard coal power plants in Germany in 2021
January 2021 February 2021 March 2021 April 2021 May 2021 June 2021 July 2021 August 2021 September 2021 October 2021 November 2021 December 2021 2021
Dates 4 44.6 50 56.2 30.9 44.9 31.1 58.8 - - - - - 45.2
Ø Germany 42.4 32.7 29.5 28.6 16.8 21.5 19.7 - - - - - 26.0

Civil society protest, construction freeze and new procedure

A norm control application directed against the development plan for the power plant by a neighboring farmer was successful before the Higher Administrative Court (OVG) Münster : With a judgment of September 3, 2009, the court ruled that the planning at the intended location violated the objectives of the state planning . Requirements for resource and climate protection energy use have not been sufficiently taken into account. The city of Datteln also did not take sufficient account of the hazard potential of the power plant and the protection of the population in the event of an accident that could not be ruled out. The interests of nature and landscape protection were also not sufficiently taken into account. It is also questionable whether the effects of the 180 m high cooling tower - which also discharges the exhaust gases - on the neighboring population and the landscape, as well as the expected air and noise emissions, have been adequately determined and weighed up. The development plan was therefore canceled by the court.

The district government of Münster thereupon issued a temporary partial construction freeze for the project on September 14, 2009. On March 16, 2010, the Federal Administrative Court dismissed a complaint by E.ON and the city of Datteln against the non-admission of an appeal against the judgment of the OVG and thus finally confirmed the judgment. The district government of Münster ordered a construction freeze for other areas of the construction site.

Since March 2010, a new development plan procedure has been running, which ended on May 14, 2014 with the decision of the City Council of Datteln for the new development plan and a zoning plan change. As a result, a new immission control approval procedure was applied for. The public hearing was held in September 2015. In March 2016, the Münster district government granted Uniper approval to carry out further work on the construction of the power plant before the final approval was granted.

Construction progress as of May 2013

At the same time, the change in government after the NRW state elections on May 9, 2010 - Hannelore Kraft formed a red-green minority government ( Kraft I cabinet ) - changed the political environment significantly.

The new environment minister Johannes Remmel ( Bündnis 90 / Die Grünen ) stated that he assumed that dates could not be realized. On July 29, 2010, the CDU declared that it wanted to make the completion a topic in the state parliament after the summer break. The parliamentary group leader of the SPD parliamentary group Norbert Römer spoke out in August 2010 for completion. In May 2011 the topic was debated in the state parliament. There were "noisy arguments".

On May 13, 2012 there were early elections in North Rhine-Westphalia . Red-green now had its own majority and was looking for a compromise. The Kraft II cabinet granted special permission for the power plant, which led to violent protests from environmental groups.

On June 12, 2012, the Münster Higher Administrative Court upheld a lawsuit by the BUND against the immission control approval of the power plant project and revoked the approval notice. In June 2013, the Federal Administrative Court rejected complaints against the non-admission of the appeal by E.ON and the state of North Rhine-Westphalia, thereby confirming the judgment. In May 2014 a new development plan was presented.

On January 19, 2017, the district government issued the immission control permit, with which the construction of the facility can be completed and put into operation. After receiving the special permit, Uniper would like to sue the approval notice, as the requirements for mercury emissions are far stricter than the legal limit values. The BUND, in turn, is suing the approval notice itself. At the end of 2019, several lawsuits against the new license were pending, which is why the license is not yet legally binding.

In October 2019 it was announced that Uniper intends to synchronize the power plant with the power grid in January 2020 and plans to put it into regular operation in summer 2020.

Grant, protests and occupation

On January 16, 2020, the federal government approved the commissioning of Datteln 4 with its resolutions to phase out coal . This decision was preceded by weeks of discussions about compensation for the Uniper Group and possible shutdowns of power plants in eastern Germany. Environmental groups reacted indignantly and announced protests in the course of the year.

On February 2, 2020, around 150 environmental activists occupied the site of Datteln 4 to prevent it from going into operation. The occupation ended after nine hours with the eviction by the police and voluntary termination by the activists. According to the police headquarters in Recklinghausen, 102 people illegally entered the site. Since the people did not want to identify themselves and the fingertips were stuck together, photos were taken. The power plant operator Uniper has filed criminal charges for trespassing against all persons involved in the disruption.

Appeal proceedings before the Higher Administrative Court of North Rhine-Westphalia

On August 26, 2021, a total of three standards control procedures were heard before the North Rhine-Westphalia Higher Administrative Court. Applicants are the city of Waltrop, the BUND regional association of North Rhine-Westphalia and four private individuals. The respondent is the city of Datteln, as well as Uniper Kraftwerke GmbH and the state of North Rhine-Westphalia. The applicants wanted to have the city of Datteln's development plan no. 105a - power plant - declared invalid. The OVG Münster has declared the development plan illegal. A revision is not permitted. The future of the power plant is uncertain. The applicants demand an immediate shutdown and the withdrawal of the operating license.

Controversy

The new building project has been criticized by environmental associations, citizens' groups and residents.

In general, coal-fired power plants are inefficient and harmful to the climate. In addition, new power plants are not replacements because old buildings are not shut down to the same extent.

The project is also unlawful because it has been illegally split into different planning processes. This avoids an appropriate, comprehensive environmental impact assessment and makes it much more difficult for the public to participate. The concerns of climate protection were also not sufficiently considered.

In addition, the port facilities dealt with in the water law decision and the relocation of a stream disregarded the requirements of nature conservation law and concerns of biotope protection and species protection .

The coal commission set up by the federal government recommended in January 2019 not to put Datteln 4 into operation. Contrary to the recommendation of the Coal Commission, Armin Laschet spoke out in favor of commissioning in November 2019.

Environmental associations criticize that the power plant is only profitable because it burns coal from mining areas in which environmental standards are not complied with. For example, coal is imported from Russia, where coal dust contaminated with heavy metals is released into the environment in large quantities, which causes massive damage to people and the environment.

The power plant is operated by the energy company Uniper , which is majority owned by the Finnish energy company Fortum , which is owned by the Finnish state. Finland wants to phase out coal by the end of 2029 , but the power plant in Datteln should run until 2038. The topic therefore also occupies politics in Finland.

According to a survey carried out on behalf of BUND in May 2020, 63 percent of people in North Rhine-Westphalia reject the commissioning. Only 25 percent are in favor.

Contracts with Deutsche Bahn and RWE

Of the 1,100 megawatts of output from Datteln, 413 megawatts are intended as traction current. The German Bahn AG had entered into contracts with long-term commitment to the Datteln coal electricity and takes care of the green image of the Corporation. In the past, Uniper had stated that the electricity from Datteln could cover around a quarter of Deutsche Bahn's needs. In the press at Zeit Online it was reported: "Datteln will thus probably supply the entire traction current for North Rhine-Westphalia and a quarter of the entire German traction current." Another major electricity consumer is RWE AG . RWE tried twice in court to challenge the existing contracts, which are advantageous for Uniper. On the basis of the purchase agreements with RWE and the railway, the BUND argues that the power plant can be expected to work at a particularly high level.

Emissions

Coal-fired power plants are criticized for their pollutant emissions. Even after the installation of filter systems in the 1980s, which remove most of the sulfur from the exhaust gases, coal-fired power plants continue to emit relevant amounts of sulfur dioxide . In addition to sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides , which are harmful to the environment and health, as well as fine dusts that are harmful to health , heavy metals and PAHs contained therein, enter the environment. The pollutant emissions of all large coal-fired power plants and industrial plants are published in the European Pollutant Emissions Register.

Air pollutants and CO 2

Carbon dioxide and air pollutants from the Datteln power plant (old) in the air (reporting year 2011)
power plant Generation of electricity Consumption of coal Carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) Nitrogen oxides (NO x / NO 2 ) Sulfur oxides (SO x / SO 2 ) Carbon monoxide (CO) Fine dust (PM 10 ) Nitrous oxide (N 2 O) Benzene (C 6 H 6 ) Lead (Pb) Chromium (Cr) Nickel (Ni) Mercury (Hg) Arsenic (as) Cadmium (Cd)
Dates blocks
1–3
No data available No data available 1,650,000 t 1,040,000 kg 1,250,000 kg <500,000 kg 53,000 kg <10,000 kg <1000 kg <200 kg <100 kg <50 kg 40 kg 46 kg <10 kg

Water pollutants

Water pollutants from the Datteln power plant (old) in the wastewater (reporting year 2011)
power plant Generation of electricity Consumption of coal Chlorides Fluoride (as total F) Zinc (Zn) Copper (Cu) Arsenic (as)
Dates blocks
1–3
No data available No data available <2,000,000 kg <2,000 kg <100 kg <50 kg 5.04 kg

Solid pollutants (shipments of hazardous waste)

Solid pollutants (shipment of hazardous waste) from the Datteln power plant (old) (reporting year 2011)
power plant Generation of electricity Consumption of coal Total waste Waste for disposal Waste for recycling
Dates blocks
1–3
No data available No data available 126,000 kg 101,000 kg 25,000 kg

See also

Web links

Commons : Kraftwerk Datteln  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

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  6. ↑ Zoning plan for Datteln IV invalid. tagesschau.de, August 26, 2021
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  56. www.thru.de (Emissions below the reportable quantity threshold are listed in the table with "<" next to the limit value)
  57. Emission data for the E.ON power plant in Datteln
  58. Emission data for the E.ON power plant in Datteln
  59. Emission data for the E.ON power plant in Datteln