Copper (I) chloride

Crystal structure
	__ Cu + __ Cl -
General
Surname	Copper (I) chloride
Ratio formula	CuCl
Brief description	white crystal powder
External identifiers / databases
EC number	231-842-9
ECHA InfoCard	100,028,948
PubChem	62652
Wikidata	Q423879
properties
Molar mass	99.00 g mol −1
Physical state	firmly
density	4.14 g cm −3
Melting point	430 ° C
boiling point	1490 ° C (decomposition)
Vapor pressure	0.1 hPa (440 ° C)
solubility	practically insoluble in water; insoluble in ethanol , ethers and ketones ; easily soluble in hydrochloric acid and ammonia with formation of complexes; soluble in amines , pyridine and nitriles ;
Refractive index	1.9727
safety instructions
H and P phrases	H: 302-315-318-410
	P: 273-280-305 + 351 + 338-501
MAK	0.1 mg m −3
Toxicological data	140 mg kg −1 ( LD 50 , rat , oral )
	As far as possible and customary, SI units are used. Unless otherwise noted, the data given apply to standard conditions . Refractive index: Na-D line , 20 ° C

Copper (I) chloride is a chemical compound of copper and chlorine with the formula CuCl. It is a Lewis acid . Copper (I) chloride crystallizes in the sphalerite structure.

Occurrence

Copper (I) chloride occurs naturally as the mineral nantokit .

Extraction and presentation

Copper (I) chloride. The green color is caused by contamination with basic copper (II) chloride .

Copper (I) chloride can be obtained by reduction of copper (II) sulfate with sodium metabisulfite in half-concentrated hydrochloric acid are produced. Further production options are the reduction of copper (II) chloride with electrolytic copper in boiling hydrochloric acid or with zinc , hypophosphorous acid , hydrazine or sodium sulfite

{\ displaystyle \ mathrm {2 \ CuCl_ {2} + Na_ {2} SO_ {3} + H_ {2} O \ rightarrow 2 \ CuCl + Na_ {2} SO_ {4} +2 \ HCl}}

as well as by precipitation from sodium chloride- containing copper sulfate solution by means of sulfur dioxide passed through .

Alternatively, copper (I) chloride is formed when copper (II) chloride is heated with metallic copper in concentrated hydrochloric acid as the complex acid H [CuCl ₂ ]. When the solution is diluted, it decomposes with the elimination of hydrochloric acid and the formation of a white, poorly soluble precipitate of CuCl.

On an industrial scale, it is obtained by reacting copper with chlorine at temperatures between 450 and 900 ° C.

{\ displaystyle \ mathrm {2 \ Cu + Cl_ {2} \ rightarrow 2 \ CuCl}}

properties

Pure copper (I) chloride is snow-white, but often greenish in color due to oxidation to basic copper (II) chloride Cu (OH) Cl.

A solution of copper (I) chloride in ammonia is able to absorb carbon monoxide with the formation of the complex compound [CuCl (CO) (H ₂ O) ₂ ]. In addition to ammonia, acetylene and olefins also form corresponding complex compounds. It has a crystal structure of the zinc blende type with the space group F 4 3 m (space group no. 216) (a = 541.6 pm). At 407 ° C there is a transition to a high-temperature modification of the wurtzite type with the space group P 6 ₃mc (No. 186) (a = 391, c = 642 pm). The enthalpy of formation is −138.1 kJ / mol. Template: room group / 216Template: room group / 186

use

Copper (I) chloride is used:

as a catalyst for many organic reactions ( MCS synthesis )
for phosgene-free polycarbonate production
in the Sandmeyer reaction
in olefin oxidation
in ammoxidation to acrylonitrile
for the production of phthalocyanine blue pigments
for the absorption of carbon monoxide in a gas burette

Web links

Commons : Copper (I) chloride - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

OECD : Screening Information Dataset (SIDS) Initial Assessment Report (SIAR) for Copper monochloride

Individual evidence

↑ ^a ^b Georg Brauer (Ed.), With the collaboration of Marianne Baudler u a .: Handbook of Preparative Inorganic Chemistry. 3rd, revised edition. Volume II, Ferdinand Enke, Stuttgart 1978, ISBN 3-432-87813-3 , p. 973.
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ Entry on copper (I) chloride in the GESTIS substance database of the IFA , accessed on February 1, 2016(JavaScript required) .
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e H. Wayne Richardson: Handbook of copper compounds and applications , ISBN 978-0-8247-8998-5 .
↑ David R. Lide (Ed.): CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics . 90th edition. (Internet version: 2010), CRC Press / Taylor and Francis, Boca Raton, FL, Index of Refraction of Inorganic Crystals, pp. 10-246.
↑ Entry on Copper chloride in the Classification and Labeling Inventory of the European Chemicals Agency (ECHA), accessed on February 1, 2016. Manufacturers or distributors can expand the harmonized classification and labeling .
↑ Cotton / Wilkinson: Inorganische Chemie, Verlag Chemie Weinheim 1967, p. 837.

[brauer-1] Georg Brauer (Ed.), With the collaboration of Marianne Baudler u a .: Handbook of Preparative Inorganic Chemistry. 3rd, revised edition. Volume II, Ferdinand Enke, Stuttgart 1978, ISBN 3-432-87813-3 , p. 973.

[GESTIS-2] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ Entry on copper (I) chloride in the GESTIS substance database of the IFA , accessed on February 1, 2016(JavaScript required) .

[cc-3] H. Wayne Richardson: Handbook of copper compounds and applications , ISBN 978-0-8247-8998-5 .

[CRC90_10_246-4] David R. Lide (Ed.): CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics . 90th edition. (Internet version: 2010), CRC Press / Taylor and Francis, Boca Raton, FL, Index of Refraction of Inorganic Crystals, pp. 10-246.

[CLP_100.028.948-5] Entry on Copper chloride in the Classification and Labeling Inventory of the European Chemicals Agency (ECHA), accessed on February 1, 2016. Manufacturers or distributors can expand the harmonized classification and labeling .

[6] Cotton / Wilkinson: Inorganische Chemie, Verlag Chemie Weinheim 1967, p. 837.