Poplars

Poplars
Mallow ( Lavatera trimestris ), cultivar 'Pink Beauty'
Systematics
Eurosiden II Order : Mallow-like (Malvales) Family : Mallow family (Malvaceae) Subfamily : Malvoideae Tribe : Malveae Genre : Poplars
Scientific name
Lavatera
L.

The shrub poplars ( Lavatera ), also called shrub mallow or cup mallow , are a genus of plants in the mallow family (Malvaceae). There are varieties of some Lavatera species that are used as ornamental plants . Most of the 25 or so species are found in the Mediterranean region.

description

Illustration from Favorite flowers of garden and greenhouse , Plate 47 of the Mallow ( Lavatera trimestris )

Flower with nailed petals of Lavatera mauritanica , the hairiness of the foliage is also clearly visible

Flower with nailed petals of Lavatera punctata , the thin branches of the style are also recognizable

Fissure fruit with partial fruits of the mallow ( Lavatera trimestris )

Appearance and leaves

Lavatera TYPES grow as annuals, biennial or short-lived perennial herbaceous plants , semi-shrubs or shrubs , the stature heights of up to reach 2 meters. Most of the above-ground parts of the plant have star hairs or simple hairs ( indument ).

The alternately arranged leaves are divided into a long petiole and a leaf blade. The leaf blades are usually slightly to strongly five- to seven-lobed or rarely not lobed. The stipules are deciduous and durable.

Inflorescences and flowers

The flowers stand together individually or in groups in the leaf axils or in terminal, conspicuous, racemose inflorescences . The three to six bracts of the secondary calyx are only fused at their base.

The hermaphroditic flowers are radial symmetry and five-fold with a double flower envelope . The five sepals are fused bell-shaped. The five free petals are nailed and mostly edged at the top or, more rarely, trimmed. The color of the petals ranges from white to pink to purple, only in some forms of Lavatera triloba they are yellow. In the subfamily Malvoideae, the many stamens have grown together to form a tube surrounding the pistil . The stamen tube ends with many anthers. Six to many carpels are a top permanent, six- to 25-kammerigen ovary grown. There is only one erect ovule per ovary chamber . There are six to many thin stylus branches, each ending in a thread-like scar.

Fruits and seeds

The flattened, spherical split fruit with a swollen, conical or disc-shaped stylus base breaks down into six to many (25) partial fruits. The partial fruits are smooth or carved, sometimes partially membranous, usually beaked, often with one or two bristles, often tiny, downy covered with star hair. When ripe, the partial fruits usually remain closed. In each part of the crop there is an upright seed. The kidney-shaped seeds are smooth or ribbed transversely and free from the wall of the fissure fruit.

Tree-shaped poplar ( Lavatera arborea )

Lavatera olbia flower with nailed petals

Thuringian poplar ( Lavatera thuringiaca )

Flowers of Lavatera × clementii 'Barnsley'

Systematics and distribution

The generic name Lavatera was first published in 1753 by Carl von Linné in Species Plantarum , 2, p. 690. The generic name Lavatera honors Johann Heinrich Lavater , a Swiss doctor and naturalist of the 17th century and also his brother. The species Lavatera trimestris L. was established as the lectotype in 1929 by Hitchcock & Green .

The genus Lavatera belongs to the subtribe Malvinae from the tribe Malveae in the subfamily of Malvoideae within the family of Malvaceae . Some authors combine the genus with the genus Malva . There are synonyms for the genus Malva for all species .

The Lavatera species occur mainly in the Mediterranean area. Some species are also found in the United Kingdom , the Canary Islands , the highlands of Abyssinia , Central Asia and Kashmir , as well as in eastern Siberia . There is also one species in Australia ( Lavatera plebeia ) and five species in California ( Lavatera assurgentiflora , Lavatera insularis , Lavatera lindsayi , Lavatera occidentalis and Lavatera venosa ).

There are around 25 species of Lavatera :

• Lavatera abyssinica Hutch. & EABruce : It thrives in the Ethiopian highlands.
• Lavatera acerifolia Cav. (Syn .: Malva acerifolia (Cav.) Alef. ): It occurs only in the Canary Islands .
• Tree-shaped poplar ( Lavatera arborea L. , Syn .: Malva arborea (L.) Webb & Berthel. ): It thrives in the Mediterranean area as well as in Western Europe and North Africa .
• Lavatera assurgentiflora Kellogg : This endemic thrives only on the Channel Islands in California .
• Lavatera bryoniifolia Mill .: It occurs mainly in the eastern Mediterranean.
• Lavatera cachemiriana Cambess. : It is widespread in India , Kashmir , Pakistan , Nepal , Kyrgyzstan , Russia , Tajikistan and in China only in northwestern Xinjiang .
• Lavatera cretica L. (Syn .: Malva multiflora (Cav.) Soldano, Banfi & Galasso ): It iswidespreadin Macaronesia , North Africa, Southern Europe and the Middle East .
• Lavatera insularis S. Watson : This endemic occurs only on the Islas Coronado west of Baja California .
• Lavatera lindsayi Moran : This endemic only occurs on Isla Guadelupe west of Baja California .
• Lavatera maroccana Maire (Syn .: Malva maroccana (Batt. & Trab.) Soldano, Banfi & Galasso ): It occurs in Spain near Cadiz and Seville, as well as probably in Morocco .
• Lavatera mauritanica Durieu (Syn .: Lavatera davaei Cout. ): It occurs with two subspecies in southern and central Portugal as well as eastern Spain (subsp. Davaei ) and northwestern Africa (subsp. Mauritanica ).
• Lavatera maritima Gouan : The distribution area is in the western Mediterranean, where it occurs on Corsica and Sardinia , as well as from Tunisia and Morocco to Spain.
• Lavatera microphylla E.G.Baker (Syn .: Malva microphylla (Baker f.) Molero & JMMonts. ): This endemic occurs only in the area of ​​the Sherat River in Rabat in Morrokko.
• Lavatera oblongifolia Boiss. (Syn .: Malva oblongifolia (Boiss.) Soldano, Banfi & Galasso ): It occurs in southern Spain only in the provinces of Almería and Granada .
• Lavatera occidentalis S. Watson : It occurs only on islands west of Baja California .
• Lavatera olbia L. (Syn .: Malva olbia (L.) Alef. ): It occurs in southern Europe and North Africa.
• Purple shrub mallow ( Lavatera phoenicea Vent. , Syn: Malva phoenicea (Vent.) Alef. ): It occurs only in the Canary Islands.
• Lavatera plebeia Sims : It is the only species native to Australia.
• Lavatera punctata All. (Syn .: Malva punctata . (All) Alef. ): It is widespread, coming from Europe to Central Asia before
• Lavatera stenopetala Coss. & Durieu (Syn: Malva stenopetala (Batt.) Soldano, Banfi & Galasso ): It occurs only in Algeria on clay soils.
• Thuringian poplar ( Lavatera thuringiaca L. , Syn: Malva thuringiaca (L.) Vis. ): It is widespread in Eurasia with two subspecies
• Lavatera triloba L .: It is widespread in the western Mediterranean.
• Cup mallow ( Lavatera trimestris L. , Syn: Malva trimestris (L.) Salisb. ): It is widespread in the Mediterranean region. It is used worldwide as an ornamental plant and is occasionally observed as a "garden refugee".
• Lavatera venosa S. Watson : It occurs only on the San Benito Islands west of and in the area of Vizcaino in Baja California.
• Lavatera vidalii Pau (Syn: Malva vidalii (Pau) Molero & JMMonts. ) Is a rare and endangered species from the western Rif Mountains in northern Morocco.

There are also some hybrids :

• Lavatera × clementii Cheek = Lavatera thuringiaca × Lavatera olbia

swell

• Ya Tang, Michael G. Gilbert, Laurence J. Dorr: Malvaceae. : Lavatera , p. 267 - the same text online as the printed work , In: Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven, Deyuan Hong (ed.): Flora of China. Volume 12: Hippocastanaceae through Theaceae , Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis 2007, ISBN 978-1-930723-64-1 . (Sections Description, Systematics and Distribution)
• Sultanul Abedin: Malvaceae. In: Flora of West Pakistan , 130, Stewart Herbarium, Rawalpindi, 1979: Lavatera - online with the same text as the printed Lavatera work at Tropicos.org. In: Flora of Pakistan . Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis (Sections Description, Systematics, and Distribution)
• Lavatera at the Malvaceae website . (Section description, systematics and dissemination)
• Werner Greuter , HM Burdet, G. Long: MED Checklist. Volume 4. Dicotyledones (Lauraceae-Rhamnaceae) . Page 235–237. Conservatoire et Jardin botaniques de la Ville de Genève. 1989. ISBN 2-8277-0154-5

Individual evidence

1. ↑ First publication scanned at biodiversitylibrary.org .
2. ^ Lavatera at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
3. ↑ Lavatera in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.
4. ↑ Jennifer A. Tate, Javier Fuertes Aguilar, Steven J. Wagstaff, John C. La Duke, Tracey A. Bodo Slotta, Beryl B. Simpson: Phylogenetic relationships within the tribe Malveae (Malvaceae, subfamily Malvoideae) as inferred from ITS sequence data . In: American Journal of Botany , Volume 92, 2005, pp. 584-602 PDF.
5. ↑ Benito Valdés, 2011: Malvaceae. - In: Euro + Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity. Berlin 2011. Data sheet Malva .

Web links

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