Haugen completed his first FIS races in November 2002. He started the European Cup for the first time in March 2005, and achieved his best position for a long time in November 2007 with 12th place in the indoor competition in Landgraaf . At the Junior World Championship in 2006 he reached 5th place in the combined ranking.
Due to his business studies at the University of Denver Haugen started from March 2008 mainly in the Nor-Am Cup . On January 5, 2009, he celebrated his first victory in this racing series in the Sunday River giant slalom . On October 25, 2009, he contested his first World Cup race on the Rettenbachferner near Sölden ; as the 26th of the giant slalom held there, he immediately got his first World Cup points. In the next giant slalom of the 2009/10 season , he already achieved his first top 20 result. In February 2010 Haugen took part in the Olympic Winter Games in Vancouver , where he was 28th in giant slalom, but failed in slalom. An eleventh place in the giant slalom in Alta Badia on December 19, 2010 was Haugen's best World Cup result for the next two years. In the winter of 2010/11, in addition to the World Cup races in Europe, he started again increasingly in the European Cup, where he achieved his first podium in January. At the 2011 World Championships in Garmisch-Partenkirchen , he achieved 16th place in the giant slalom; in the slalom he was eliminated.
In the 2011/12 season , Haugen's best World Cup result was a 13th place in the giant slalom at Beaver Creek , while he was on the podium three times in the Nor-Am Cup that same winter . In the following World Cup season 2012/13 he reached his first top 10 result on December 18 with eighth place in the night slalom in Madonna di Campiglio . In February 2014, he took part in the Winter Olympics in Sochi for the second time , finishing twelfth in slalom and 16th in giant slalom. His best placements so far are a fourth place each at the parallel giant slalom in Alta Badia on December 19, 2016 and at the slalom in Kitzbühel on January 22, 2017. At the Alpine World Ski Championships 2017 in St. Moritz Haugen won behind the two Austrians Marcel Hirscher and Roland Leitinger received the bronze medal somewhat surprisingly. This was his first medal at a major event. On March 4, 2017, he also achieved his first World Cup podium finish with second place in the giant slalom in Kranjska Gora . At the 2018 Winter Olympics in Pyeongchang , he won the bronze medal in the team competition.