Gray dandelions

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Gray dandelions
Gray dandelion (Leontodon incanus)

Gray dandelion ( Leontodon incanus )

Systematics
Order : Astern-like (Asterales)
Family : Daisy family (Asteraceae)
Subfamily : Cichorioideae
Tribe : Cichorieae
Genre : Dandelion ( leontodon )
Type : Gray dandelions
Scientific name
Leontodon incanus
( L. ) Closet

The gray dandelion ( Leontodon incanus ), also called gray milkweed , is a species of the genus dandelion ( Leontodon ) within the sunflower family (Asteraceae).

description

Flower heads in detail with yellow ray-florets
Cup shell with trichomes of a nodding, budding flower cup
Infructescence with achenes and pappus

Appearance and leaf

The gray dandelion grows as a deciduous, perennial herbaceous plant and usually reaches heights of 15 to 40, rarely up to 50 centimeters. A vertical, long, thick-spindle-shaped rhizome is formed, which is scaly in the upper part and on which there are sparse, fine fiber roots.

The foliage leaves , arranged in a basal rosette, are completely or partially toothed and almost gray- tomentose to gray-green with short, three- to four-forked star hairs .

Inflorescence, flower and fruit

The flowering period extends from May to June in Germany and from June to July in Switzerland. Per leaf rosette there are usually one to two, rarely up to five, always unbranched inflorescence stems, which have only a few, very small, awl-like leaf scales, but are otherwise leafless, have star hairs and each end in only one cup-shaped inflorescence. The flower heads are nodding in front of the anthesis . The cup shell (involucre) is 1 to 1.8 centimeters long. The bracts have star hairs and are not bordered with black. The flower heads contain only ray florets. The ray-florets are golden yellow and twice as long as the envelope.

The achenes are 5 to 8 millimeters long and tapers towards the top. The dirty to yellowish white pappus is multi-row, the outer pappus bristles are very short and the inner ones feathery.

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 8.

ecology

The gray dandelion is a hemicryptophyte and a crevice root.

Occurrence

The gray dandelion is native to the mountains of Central , Eastern and Southeastern Europe . It is a pre-alpine flora element . Its distribution area includes the middle section of the Alps from Switzerland to Styria and Carniola , the southern German low mountain ranges , Moravia , Carpathians and the Illyrian mountains. There are sites in France , Germany , Austria , Liechtenstein , Switzerland, Italy , Poland , Hungary , Slovenia , Slovakia , Serbia , Kosovo , Bosnia and Herzegovina , Montenegro , Croatia and Romania . In Austria it is common to scattered in all federal states.

The gray dandelion inhabits dry grasslands , light dry forests , dry bushes and rock bands. It rises to altitudes of around 2100 meters. In the Allgäu Alps, it rises to the Great Thumb in Bavaria up to 2100 m above sea level. It thrives on calcareous, rocky, shallow, dry loam soils . It is limestone and thrives in the collin to montane, rarely subalpine altitudes . It is a character type of the Erico-Pinion association, but also occurs in societies of the Seslerio-Festucion, Seslerion or Xerobromion associations. In the Xerobromion it is a characteristic of the Pulsatillo-Caricetum humilis.

Systematics

It was first published in 1753 under the name ( Basionym ) Hieracium incanum by Carl von Linné in Species Plantarum , p. 799. The new combination to Leontodon incanus (L.) Cabinet was published in 1786 by Franz von Paula cabinet in Baiersche Reise , p. 14. Further synonyms for Leontodon incanus (L.) cabinet are: Leontodon glabrescens (Posp.) Fritsch , Leontodon incanus var. Glabrescens Posp. , Virea incana (L.) Gray , Leontodon spatulifolius Castle. & Vuk. , Apargia incana (L.) Scop. , Apargia incana var. Subglabrata Ambrosi . The specific epithet incanus means ash gray.

The former subspecies Leontodon incanus subsp. tenuiflorus (Gaudin) Schinz & R.Keller is today mostly considered a separate species Leontodon tenuiflorus (Gaudin) Rchb. It differs in the narrower linear and less felty leaves. It occurs in France, Switzerland, Italy and Slovenia.

swell

literature

  • Siegmund Seybold : The flora of Germany and the neighboring countries. A book for identifying all wild and frequently cultivated vascular plants . Founded by Otto Schmeil , Jost Fitschen . 95th completely revised and expanded edition. Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2011, ISBN 978-3-494-01498-2 .
  • Henning Haeupler, Thomas Muer: picture atlas of the fern and flowering plants of Germany . Published by the Federal Agency for Nature Conservation (=  The fern and flowering plants of Germany . Volume 2 ). 2nd corrected and enlarged edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2007, ISBN 978-3-8001-4990-2 .
  • Oskar Sebald, Siegmund Seybold, Georg Philippi, Arno Wörz (eds.): The fern and flowering plants of Baden-Württemberg . tape 6 : Special part (Spermatophyta, subclass Asteridae): Valerianaceae to Asteraceae . Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 1996, ISBN 3-8001-3343-1 .
  • Dietmar Aichele, Heinz-Werner Schwegler: The flowering plants of Central Europe . 2nd Edition. tape 4 : Nightshade plants to daisy plants . Franckh-Kosmos, Stuttgart 2000, ISBN 3-440-08048-X .

further reading

  • Helga Pittoni: Hairiness and chromosome numbers of star-haired Leontodon clans , Phyton (Austria) , Volume 16, Fasc. 1-4, 1974, pp. 165-188: full text PDF.
  • Rosabelle Samuel, Walter Gutermann, Tod F. Stuessy, Claudete F. Ruas, Hans-Walter Lack, Karin Tremetsberger, Salvador Talavera, Barbara Hermanowski & Friedrich Ehrendorfer: Molecular phylogenetics reveals Leontodon (Asteraceae, Lactuceae) to be diphyletic , In: American Journal of Botany , 2006, volume 93, Issue 8, pp. 1193-1205. doi : 10.3732 / ajb.93.8.1193

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f Gray dandelion. In: FloraWeb.de. Last accessed on November 22, 2013
  2. ↑ a b c d e f Leontodon incanus. In: Info Flora - The national data and information center for Swiss flora . Last accessed on November 22, 2013
  3. ↑ a b c d e f data sheet at Botanik im Bild - Flora von Österreich , April 24, 2008. Last viewed on November 22, 2013
  4. ↑ a b Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . With the collaboration of Angelika Schwabe and Theo Müller. 8th, heavily revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 , pp.  979 .
  5. ↑ a b c d Werner Greuter (2006+): Compositae (pro parte majore). - In: W. Greuter & E. von Raab-Straube (eds.): Compositae. Euro + Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity. Datasheet Leontodon In: Euro + Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity.
  6. ↑ Erhard Dörr, Wolfgang Lippert : Flora of the Allgäu and its surroundings. Volume 2, IHW, Eching 2004, ISBN 3-930167-61-1 , p. 661.
  7. ↑ Leontodon incanus at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, accessed November 22, 2013.
  8. ↑ Data sheet at Global Compositae Checklist . Last accessed on November 22, 2013
  9. ^ RA Finch, PD Sell: Leontodon L. In: Thomas Gaskell Tutin u. a .: Flora Europaea . Volume 4, pages 310-315. Cambridge University Press 1976. ISBN 0-521-08717-1 .

Web links

Commons : Grauer Dandelion ( Leontodon incanus )  - Album with pictures, videos and audio files