Lubiąż
| Lubiąż | |||
|---|---|---|---|
 Help on coat of arms |
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| Basic data | |||
| State : | Poland | ||
| Voivodeship : | Lower Silesia | ||
| Powiat : | Wołów | ||
| Gmina : | Wołów | ||
| Geographic location : | 51 ° 16 ′ N , 16 ° 29 ′ E | ||
| Residents : | 2203 ( [1] ) | ||
| Postal code : | 56-110 | ||
| Telephone code : | (+48) 71 | ||
| License plate : | DWL | ||
| Economy and Transport | |||
| Next international airport : | Wroclaw | ||
Lubiąż (German Leubus ) is a district of Gmina Wołów in the Wołowski district , which belongs to the western Polish Voivodeship of Lower Silesia , with around 2,000 inhabitants . The center of the large municipality, the city of Wołów (German Wohlau ), is 12 km northeast.
geography
Lubiąż is located on the right bank of the Oder , opposite the city of Prochowice (Parchwitz), 7 km to the west, and the confluence of the Kaczawa ( Katzbach ) with the Oder. The relatively flat area is characterized by agriculture and forestry.
By 1928, Leubus was divided into the three communities of Städtel Leubus (town charter from 1249 to 1844), the Leubus monastery and the Leubus domain , which were then merged into a rural community.
The place is known for the former Cistercian monastery Leubus, a building complex of European format. It existed from 1163 until secularization in 1810 and was an important engine of development in Lower Silesia.
For tourism, v. a. this monastery complex, the renovation of which began after the fall of the Wall in 1989, is of increasing importance. Since 2004, Leubus and the Oder have been developed for kayaking trips with the Szlak Odry route. Another attraction is the Odrzyska , which was created in 1987 and is a 5.2 hectare nature reserve . It is located northwest of the village in the Oder meadows and contains numerous protected plant species.
history
Main article: Leubus Monastery
In 1163, Duke Bolesław I appointed Cistercian monks from the German Pforta monastery to found the oldest Cistercian monastery in what was then Polish Silesia. The foundation document was issued in 1175 and the monastery was granted numerous privileges. A number of daughter monasteries were founded from Leubus in the 13th century: Mogiła in Lesser Poland near Kraków (1222) and Henryków (Heinrichau) (1227) and Kamieniec Ząbkowicki (Kamenz) (1249) in Silesia. In addition, Leubus was given the supervision of the Cistercian monastery Trebnitz . At that time the monastery was already a center of mediaeval chronicle . The Städtel Leubus, located or below , received town charter in 1249, was dependent on the monastery, but benefited from its promotion, which was also reflected in the numerous vineyards that were still in existence until 1945.
The city's seal has represented the Lamb of God since the 14th century . Leubus was badly affected in the Hussite Wars . In the 16th century there were some conflicts as a result of the Reformation and a long-running dispute over the exemption with the Bishop of Breslau, which could not be settled until 1677. After the devastation of the village and the monastery in the Thirty Years' War , the monastery experienced a new heyday when the complex was completely rebuilt in the baroque style. One of the most important artists of that time was the Silesian painter Michael Willmann , who died in Leubus in 1706 and was buried.
The occupation of Silesia by Prussia in 1740 during the Silesian Wars ushered in the decline of the monastery because the state now massively intervened in the finances and regulated access to the order. As a result of secularization , the monastery was then completely dissolved in 1810 . Most of the art treasures including the library were brought to Wroclaw .
After that, part of the building was used for the royal Prussian Silesian State Stud Leubus . The stud was founded in 1817 after the Napoleonic Wars in order to raise the largely destroyed horse population. The number of originally 30 state stallions rose to 150 stallions by 1866. The stud was relocated to Fürstenstein Castle (Zamek Książ) in 1939 , after having been the most important employer in Leubus for over a hundred years , alongside the sanatorium and nursing home for the mentally ill (originally Leubus insane asylum ), which opened in 1830 . In the monastery, the administration of the domain, which comprised around 250 residents, was also established. Kloster-Leubus had 1,946 inhabitants in 1895 and the Städtel-Leubus in 1890 666 inhabitants. After the districts were merged in 1928, Leubus had 4,240 inhabitants (1939).
For the psychiatric clinic, an extensive building complex with agricultural property was built between 1902 and 1910, which at the time was one of the most modern institutions with over 1000 beds. In 1942 the clinic was used by the Wehrmacht , after 1945 by the Red Army and is now used again for civilian purposes.
During the Second World War , a factory was housed in the cellar vaults of the monastery, in which forced laborers produced equipment essential for the war effort. After Red Army soldiers had reached the monastery in 1945, large parts of it were devastated and looted, including the mausoleum of the abbots and the Piastic dukes. A psychiatric clinic for Red Army soldiers was set up, and the building complex continued to fall into disrepair over the following decades after the Soviets withdrew in 1950. After 1989 , measures began to save the monastery buildings, which continue to this day. The most important halls and the entire roof structure have since been renewed. In 1996 the Fürstensaal was opened to visitors. In addition, various exhibitions are held in the monastery in cooperation with Silesian institutions in Germany.
Attractions
- The most important cultural monument in Lubiąż is the former Cistercian monastery Leubus . It is one of the largest plants of this type in Poland; The total area of all roofs alone is 2.5 hectares and the length of the facade is 223 meters. The monastery is considered the main work of the Silesian Baroque . It consists of a Gothic monastery church (1307–1340), which was built on the foundations of an earlier Romanesque church, the monastery complex itself, the St. Jakobskirche (1696–1729) and various farm buildings. The popular Slot Art Festival takes place on the site every summer .
- Another baroque monument is the local parish church of St. Valentine on a small hill in the north of the village, in the former town of Leubus on the Oder. The church dates from the 14th century. In its current, baroque form, it was built from 1734 to 1745 as a foundation by the Leubus abbot Konstantin Beyer and equipped with a comparatively simple bell tower. The interior was painted by Christian Philipp Bentum ; Franz Joseph Mangoldt worked here as a sculptor. The altar painting “Miraculous healing of the son of the Gentile Kraton by St. Valentin ”was created in 1756 by Christian Philipp Bentum.
- In the local area at the intersection of the Wołów - Strzegom street , there is a Baroque Nepomuk Chapel from 1727 with a round floor plan and a dome with a lantern .
Personalities
sons and daughters of the town
- Erich Peiper (1856–1938), professor of paediatrics in Greifswald
- Wilhelm Pfeiffer (1867–1959), veterinary surgeon and university professor in Giessen
- Franz Sioli (1882–1949), psychiatrist and university professor
Personalities who have worked on site
- Arnold Freiberger (1589–1672), Abbot of the Leubus Monastery
- Friedrich Hoffmann (1820–1863), German psychiatrist, doctor in the psychiatry of Leubus
- Emil Kraepelin (1856–1926), German psychiatrist
- Otfrid Foerster (1873–1941), German neurologist
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ See http://www.retrobibliothek.de/retrobib/faksimile_535286.jpeg and http://www.territorial.de/ndschles/wohlau/leubus.htm
- ↑ Prof. Dr. Dammann: Horse breeding in a culture picture of the province of Silesia with regard to their agriculture and forestry , commemorative publication for the XXVII. Assembly of German farmers and foresters in Breslau, Wilhelm Gottlieb Korn, Breslau, 1869, p. 370 online
- ↑ Holger Steinberg: The Silesian Provincial Insane Asylum Leubus in the 19th century with special consideration of the work of Emil Kraepelin. Würzburg medical history reports 21, 2002, pp. 533–553
- ↑ Leubus - new ways in other times, 1810-1939 , online ( Memento of the original from September 15, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. in the website of the Documentation and Information Center for Silesian Regional Studies in the House of Silesia created for the permanent exhibition in the former Cistercian monastery in the Silesian House ( Memento of the original from September 15, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ See http://www.retrobibliothek.de/retrobib/faksimile_535286.jpeg
- ↑ Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. Wohllau.html # staedtelleubus. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
- ↑ Wojewódzki Szpital dla Nerwowo i Psychicznie chorych. In: wroclaw.hydral.com.pl. Archived from the original on July 17, 2012 ; accessed on March 10, 2014 .
- ^ [ Dehio Handbook of Art Monuments in Poland. Silesia. Deutscher Kunstverlag, Munich a. a. 2005, ISBN 3-422-03109-X , p. 567 mentioning 1756]
