Lichtenstein (family)

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The Lichtenstein family , sometimes also "Liechtenstein", the branches of the Lichtstein , von Lichtenstein and Franc von Lichtenstein go back to the Oppenheimer family. The originally Jewish family converted to Christianity in the early 17th century.

There is no relationship with the Franconian noble family Lichtenstein or the Princely House of Liechtenstein .

history

Martin Hinrich Lichtenstein (1780-1857)

The originally Jewish family came to Worms via Oppenheim . The progenitor was Lewe (Leo, Leib, Löw) Oppenheim († in Worms)

  1. Amschel Oppenheim († after 1505 in Worms), married to Edel
    1. Majer Oppenheim "Zum Hirsch" Frankfurt am Main († 1511 in Worms) + Gutlin Weisenau (* in Weisenau ; † around 1530 in Frankfurt am Main)
      1. Juda Loeb Oppenheim “To the giant” Worms, “In the red deer” Frankfurt am Main. (* 1500; † 1572/1573 in Frankfurt am Main), married (I) Edel Weisenau († 1523 in Frankfurt am Main), she came from the Cohen family and was the daughter of Simon von Weisenau "Zum Hirsch" and Emelin . Juda Loeb married (II) Sorlin Cayn († January 23, 1579 in Frankfurt am Main), daughter of Majer Cayn (Katz) "Zur Pforte"
        1. (II) Joseph "Jusbel" Oppenheim "Zum Weissen Löwen", "Zum Schwert" († 1598 in Frankfurt am Main) married Bela, daughter of Meir "Zur Leiter". Together with his brother Mosche he ran a lively cloth trade
          1. Meir Oppenheim (* around 1580, † around 1640) "Zur golden Kante" converted to Christianity on December 21, 1606 and took the name Johann Daniel Lichtenstein . His wife Brendle (Brendlin) "To the Edge" did not convert, but their children were baptized. Meir Oppenheimer / Johann Daniel Lichtenstein (1580–1640) fell away from the Christian faith after being baptized in 1606, became Jewish again and fled to Poland . His brothers Mosche “Zum Schwert” and Juda Löb “Zum Weißen Löwen” were assumed to have been the escape helpers. They fled the threat of torture to force a confession and appealed to the Supreme Court , whereupon the council issued a judgment that forced Moshe to pay 9,000 guilders and Löb 3,000 guilders. After this judgment, Meir was baptized again in 1626. A Hieronimus Lichtenstein from Altona can be found with the baptisms of his children in Hamburg in 1634 and 1642, whether it is Meir's son is contradictory in the sources.
            1. Sara Oppenheim became Ursula Lichtenstein
            2. Joseph Oppenheim became Hieronimus Achilles Lichtenstein
            3. Süßkind Meyer (born March 26, 1606 in Frankfurt am Main; † February 6, 1682) was named Georg Philipp Josef Lichtenstein (Lichtstein) . He made his philosophical studies in Giessen and Marburg , the theological studies in Strasbourg, and from February 20, 1634 , he was pastor near Frankfurt for several years before he took up the parish of St. Catherine's Church in 1657 .
              1. Maria Elisabeth Lichtstein married (I) Iohann Philipp Benckher (1637–1681), pastor, (II) Iohann Simon Franck (* 1644), citizen , teacher and prorector of the grammar school in Frankfurt am Main, received the imperial nobility as Franc von Lichtenstein ( Liechtenstein)
                1. (I) Iohann Friedrich Benckher (Benckert, Beninhet), lawyer in Frankfurt am Main
                2. (II) Iohann Simon Franc von Lichtenstein (* June 12, 1686; † March 13, 1755), lawyer, Thurn und Taxis ' council, from 1732 Syndicus in Frankfurt am Main. In 1742 he received the minor dignity of the court palatinate , he married Maria Elisabeth Schneider from a patrician family .
                  1. Iohann Simon Franc von Lichtenstein (born February 13, 1720 - † December 17, 1793), lawyer in Frankfurt am Main

Name bearer

  • Hieronimus Lichtenstein became a rabbi after his father fell away from Christianity , again professed Christian baptism and became a Protestant pastor, as far as the family history of the descendants is certain, he appears in Altona and was led by Jodocus Edzardi Glanäus in St. Michaelis -Church baptized in 1626.
  1. Arnold Arendt Lichtenstein (born November 13, 1642 in Hamburg, † around 1690 in Hamburg), printer
    1. Esdras Marcus Lichtenstein (born April 26, 1666 in Hamburg; † February 14, 1710 in Aurich ), his godfather was the scholar Esdras Edzardus (1629–1708). He was pastor and founder of the Lutheran congregation in Dublin , where he became known as "Esdras Marcus Lightenstone". Lichtenstein was ordained in 1689 by the Lutheran clergy in London as chaplain in the regiment of the Elector of Brandenburg , took part in the campaigns in Ireland and Flanders before he was transferred to the regiment of Count Steenbock. After the dissolution of the regiment in 1697, he returned to London and was transferred to Dublin on March 26, 1698. On September 14, 1704 he was called as a preacher in Dornum in East Friesland , in 1705 to Aurich. After two marriages in Dublin, on September 29, 1705, he married Anna Catharina Pfeiffer (* March 5, 1670 - August 30, 1741), daughter of a tobacco dealer from Hamburg.
      1. (III) Johann Joachim Dietrich Lichtenstein (* July 17, 1706 in Aurich; † January 23, 1773 in Braunschweig ), Councilor and Mayor of Helmstedt
        1. Johann Peter Lichtenstein, Royal Danish Lieutenant Colonel and Vice- Governor of Tranquebar (Tharangambadi) . Elevated to the Danish nobility on December 17, 1777.
          1. Franz von Lichtenstein († 1802), royal Danish government councilor, with him the family died again in 1802.
        2. Georg Rudolph Lichtenstein (* 1747 in Helmstedt; † 1807 in Braunschweig), professor of medicine at the University of Helmstedt , doctor and pharmacist
          1. August Gerhard Gottfried Lichtenstein (* 1780)
        3. Anton August Heinrich Lichtenstein (born August 25, 1753 in Helmstedt, † February 17, 1816 in Helmstedt), Lutheran theologian and librarian . In 1777 he was the rector of the learned school of the Johanneum in Hamburg and in 1782 professor of oriental languages . From 1798 he was professor of theology, general superintendent and first preacher at the St. Stephen's Church (Helmstedt) . He married Henriette Louise Berkhan on October 29, 1777 (April 1, 1755 - March 6, 1824) and had seven children with her:
          1. Johann Carl Christian Lichtenstein died in the first year of life
          2. Martin Hinrich (Heinrich) Carl Lichtenstein (born January 10, 1780 in Hamburg, † September 2, 1857 at sea between Korsör and Kiel , buried in Kiel), doctor, researcher and zoologist . He was the first director of the Berlin Zoological Garden , whose shares the brothers Georg Oppenheimer (1890–1940) and Dr. Ernst Adolf Oppenheimer (1888–1962) from Michelfeld owned.
          3. Catharina Lucie Sophie Lichtenstein married Friedrich August Hoffmeister († 1832), Abbot of Wolfenbüttel
          4. Johann Georg August Lichtenstein (born May 26, 1783 in Hamburg; † February 11, 1858 in Montpellier ), merchant in Montpellier, married to Jeanne Henriette Bazile (born August 4, 1791; † September 26, 1851)
            1. Wilhelm Auguste Jules Lichtenstein (born April 15, 1818 - † November 30, 1886 in Montpellier), entomologist
          5. Johann Nicolas Ludwig Lichtenstein († 1787)
          6. Johanna Marie Christiane Lichtenstein, married to Friedrich Peter Christian Bernewitz, preacher in Neuchâtel in Courland
          7. Dr. Johann (Hans) Nicolas Heinrich Lichtenstein (* March 4, 1787 in Hamburg; † August 10, 1848), doctor, married to Laura von Heyking (* April 24, 1789). The marriage resulted in 8 children.
      2. (III) Christiane Sophie Lichtenstein († 1772 in Helmstedt)

"Dr. Martin Hinrich Carl Lichtenstein, Knight of Royal Prussia. Red Eagle Order 2nd Cl. with oak leaves, Comthur des kgl. Saxon. Civ.-Verd.-Order, Knight of the k. Russian. St. Stanisl. Order 2nd Cl. and St. Wladim.-Ordens 4th Cl., the k. french Legion of Honor and the Royal Dutch. Lion order, royal. prussia. Go Ober-Medicinalrath, ord. Prof. of natural history and zoology at the Univ. zu Berlin, first director of the zoolog. Museum and the Royal Zoolog. Garden there; ord. Member of the royal. Academy of Sciences in Berlin. Member of the Academy on Aug. 26, 1818; cogn. Hanno. Born in Hamburg on January 10th, 1780, died on the journey from Corsör to Kiel on September 3rd. 1857. "

- (Ed.) Seemann & Seemann: Bonplandia. Journal for the whole botany; Official organ of the kaiserl. Leopoldine-Carolinian Academy of Natural Scientists, VI. Year, Carl Rümpler Hannover 1858, p. 337

Individual evidence

  1. ^ A b Cilli Kasper-Holtkotte: The Jewish Community of Frankfurt / Main in the Early Modern Age: Families, Networks and Conflicts in a Jewish Center, de Gruyter 2010, ISBN 3-11-023157-3 , p. 341
  2. ^ Cilli Kasper-Holtkotte: The Jewish community of Frankfurt / Main in the early modern period: Families, networks and conflicts in a Jewish center, de Gruyter 2010, ISBN 3-11-023157-3 , p. 357
  3. ↑ Ludwig Geiger: Journal for the History of the Jews in Germany, Volume 3, CA Schwetschke and Son Braunschweig, p. 362 (reprint 1975)
  4. ↑ a b Cilli Kasper – Holtkotte: Change of Religion in a Social Context Moses Goldschmidt and other Frankfurt converts of the 17th century (= Aschkenas - Journal for the History and Culture of the Jews) Issue 15, de Gruyter 2005, p. 350ff
  5. ^ Rev. John M'Clintock & James Strong: Cyclopaedia of Biblical, theological, and ecclesiastical literature, Harper & Brothers New York 1889, p. 668
  6. ^ Barbara Dölemeyer: Frankfurt Jurists in the 17th and 18th Centuries, Vittorio Klostermann 1993, ISBN 3-465-02583-0 , p. 116
  7. ↑ Barbara Dölemeyer: Frankfurt Jurists in the 17th and 18th Centuries, Vittorio Klostermann 1993, ISBN 3-465-02583-0 , p. 14
  8. ^ Barbara Dölemeyer: Frankfurt Jurists in the 17th and 18th Centuries, Vittorio Klostermann 1993, ISBN 3-465-02583-0 , p. 116f
  9. ↑ Barbara Dölemeyer: Frankfurt Jurists in the 17th and 18th Centuries, Vittorio Klostermann 1993, ISBN 3-465-02583-0 , p. 117
  10. ^ Association for Hamburg History: Journal of the Association for Hamburg History, Volume 1, Johann August Meißner Hamburg 1841, p. 293
  11. ↑ Martin Friedrich: Between Defense and Conversion, The Position of German Protestant Theology on Judaism in the 17th Century (= Contributions to Historical Theology), JCB Mohr 1988, ISBN 3-16-145318-2 , p. 153
  12. ↑ Christoph Reske: The book printers of the 16th and 17th centuries in the German-speaking area, Harrassowitz Verlag 2007, ISBN 3-447-05450-6 , p. 343
  13. ^ Association for Hamburg History: Journal of the Association for Hamburg History, first volume, Johann August Meißner Hamburg 1841, p. 291ff
  14. ↑ Dr. Hans Schröder: Lexicon of Hamburg writers up to the present, fourth volume February 1866, W. Mauke's sons Hamburg, p. 474f
  15. ^ Association for Hamburg History: Journal of the Association for Hamburg History, First Volume, Johann August Meißner Hamburg 1841, p. 472.
  16. ^ Ernst Heinrich Kneschke : New general German nobility lexicon , published in association with several historians, Volume 5, Friedrich Voigt Leipzig 1864, p. 513
  17. ^ Hans-Ehrhard Müller: Helmstedt, the history of a German city, 2nd edition 2004, p. 662
  18. ↑ Christian Petersen: History of the Hamburg City Library, Perthes, Besser & Mauke Hamburg 1838, p. 157ff
  19. ^ Rev. John M'Clintock & James Strong: Cyclopaedia of Biblical, theological, and ecclesiastical literature, Harper & Brothers New York 1889, p. 668
  20. ↑ Lot no. 87, p. 13 (PDF; 10.5 MB) HIWEPA auction of historical securities
  21. ^ Société entomologique de France: Annales de la Société entomologique de France, Volume 6, Paris 1887, Nekrolog p. 4
  22. ^ Association for Hamburg History: Journal of the Association for Hamburg History, First Volume, Johann August Meißner Hamburg 1841, p. 478.