List of high tips in the Rhenish lignite district
Map with all coordinates: 
This list contains high tipping ( spoil heaps ) in the Rhenish lignite area .
background
When operating an opencast mine , it is not always possible to completely tilt (collapse) the excavated material on the mining side within the open-cast mine hole on the charred side . Particularly during exploration and in the early phase of operation, before reaching full depth , it is often necessary to move the overburden outside of the open pit. If there is no remaining hole in another, already charred open-cast mine in the vicinity , for whose backfilling the material can be used, material must be tipped in a suitable place in an open field. Over time, an artificial mountain, commonly known as a dump or (high) dump, arises here . If the dump is in an open field outside an opencast mine, it is also called an outside dump . If the dump is tipped within an open pit (this can be the same mine from which the overburden originates or a different one), a high dump can arise if the height of the dump is higher than the level of the surrounding area; here one speaks of an elevated inner dump . Only in a few cases were the tips removed again later and the material used elsewhere for backfilling.
The high peaks in the Rhineland usually have the shape of a table mountain with a large plateau . Thus, after the setting of the material and reclamation of the surface with loess plateau is used for agriculture. The side slopes are mostly forested for stabilization and to avoid landslides . In order to take advantage of the favorable altitude, wind turbines and / or transmission masts have been erected on some of the dumps .
Since in the Rhenish mining district - at least in the modern large open-cast mines in the north and west mining districts - the coal is particularly deep compared to other mining districts, there is sometimes a very large amount of overburden. Since this amount could only partially be used for backfilling, there was a correspondingly large number of partly very high dumps, mostly referred to as height in the Rhineland , which rise up to 200 meters above the surrounding area.
Currently (as of 2012) the Sophienhöhe is the only high tip in the area where masses are still falling. All other butts are already recultivated.
list
| Surname | location | coordinate | Height above NN | associated open pit | Formation / recultivation | Status / usage |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Abtsbusch (Ostkippe Fortuna) | southeast of Bergheim - Oberaussem | 50 ° 57 '54.8 " N , 6 ° 41' 29.9" E | 141 m | Fortuna pit | before 1950 | Recultivated, wooded |
| Eschweiler Ostkippe ("Auf der Kippe", also: Kippe Distelrath) | north of Eschweiler-Ost | 50 ° 49 ′ 31.6 " N , 6 ° 17 ′ 12.3" E | 169 m | Opencast mine Zukunft / Zukunft West | before 1950 | Recultivated, agricultural use, protected landscape area |
| Fischbachhöhe | east of Bergheim - Quadrath-Ichendorf | 50 ° 57 ' N , 6 ° 43' E | 163 m | Fortuna-Garsdorf opencast mine and Bergheim opencast mine (elevated inner dump in the area of the Fischbach , Beisselsgrube and Fortuna pits ) | 1950s to 1970s | Recultivated, agricultural use |
| Glessener height | southwest of Bergheim - Glessen | 50 ° 57 ' N , 6 ° 44' E | 205.8 m | Bergheim opencast mine | 1955-1970 | Recultivated, agricultural use |
| Goltsteinkuppe | northwest of Inden - Lucherberg | 50 ° 50 '57.9 " N , 6 ° 22' 1.8" E | 143 m | Inden opencast mine | before 1950 | Recultivated |
| Gürather height | southwest of Grevenbroich - Neurath | 51 ° 1 ′ 29 " N , 6 ° 36 ′ 57.9" E | 115 m (approx.) | Neurath pit (outer dump) | before 1940 | Recultivated, agricultural use, clay pigeon shooting range |
| Gustorfer Höhe | west of Grevenbroich - Gustorf | 51 ° 4 ′ 31 " N , 6 ° 33 ′ 12.7" E | 90 m (approx.) | Garzweiler I Nord opencast mine (elevated inner dump in the Frimmersdorf -West opencast mine ) | 1967-81 | Recultivated, agricultural use, glider airfield |
| Kasterer height | North of Bedburg - Kaster | 51 ° 1 ′ 7.2 " N , 6 ° 33 ′ 4" E | 100 m (approx.) | Garzweiler I Süd opencast mine (elevated inner dump in the Frimmersdorf- Süd opencast mine ) | 1970s | Recultivated, agricultural use |
| Königshovener Höhe | west of Grevenbroich - Frimmersdorf (formerly Alt- Königshoven ) | 51 ° 2 '48.5 " N , 6 ° 33' 8.3" E | 105 m (approx.) | Garzweiler I South opencast mine | 1988-90 | Recultivated, agricultural use, wind farm |
|
Neurather Höhe (also: Frimmersdorfer Höhe) |
south of Grevenbroich - Neurath | 51 ° 1 '56.8 " N , 6 ° 35' 10.1" E | 110 m (approx.) | Opencast mine Frimmersdorf Süd (elevated inner dump in the Neurath pit ) | 1960s | Recultivated, agricultural use, Grevenbroich wind test field |
| Heap of kidneys | southeast of Eschweiler - Weisweiler | 50 ° 48 '51.4 " N , 6 ° 20' 7.8" E | 223 m | Inden opencast mine (external dump) | Recultivated, agricultural use, wind farm | |
| Röttgenhöhe | east of Kerpen-Horrem | 50 ° 55 '8.8 " N , 6 ° 44' 18.8" E | 163 m | Grefrath pit , pit Horrem (outer dump) | before 1950 | Recultivated, wooded |
| Sophienhöhe (also: Jülich head) | east of Jülich | 50 ° 55 ′ 55.5 " N , 6 ° 26 ′ 56.2" E | 301.8 m | Hambach opencast mine (outer dump for the outcrop in the north; continued as an elevated inner dump in the south) | 1978–90 (north) 1990-present (south) |
Northern area recultivated and forested, southern area still in tipping operation |
|
Vollrather Höhe (also: Allrather Höhe) |
southeast of Grevenbroich - Neuenhausen | 51 ° 3 ′ 49.8 " N , 6 ° 36 ′ 25.5" E | 187 m | Frimmersdorf opencast mine (external dump for exploration) | 1955-68 | Recultivated, agricultural use, wind farm , transmission towers |
| Weisweiler Kippe North | north of Weisweiler (west of the Weisweiler power plant ) | 50 ° 50 '17.9 " N , 6 ° 18" 19.1 " E | 155 m (approx) | Inden opencast mine | Recultivated, industrial area (Ernst-Abbe-Straße) | |
| Weisweiler fag | in the village of Weisweiler | 50 ° 49 ′ 28.7 " N , 6 ° 18 ′ 51.5" E | 145 m (approx) | Opencast mining future | from 1909 | Recultivated, settled ("Floraweg" settlement) |
| Wiedenfelder Höhe | north of Bergheim (formerly Wiedenfeld ) | 50 ° 59 ' N , 6 ° 38' E | 126 m | Fortuna-Garsdorf opencast mine (slightly elevated inner dump in the southern area of the mine) | 1974-1983 | Recultivated, agricultural use, wind farm |
| Wilhelmshöhe | west of Neu-Berrenrath | 50 ° 52 ′ 45 " N , 6 ° 47 ′ 23.6" E | 155 m | Berrenrath and Louise pits | before 1950 | Recultivated, agricultural use, transmission mast |
Individual evidence
- ↑ Bergheimer Eight. Regional cycling map . 3. Edition. District town Bergheim, Bergheim 2011 ( PDF ).
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i Achim Schumacher et al .: Recultivation in the Rhenish lignite mining area. Excursion guide. Part II (The opencast mining areas: history and recultivation) . Recultivation Research Center, Jüchen 2011 ( full text as PDF ).
- ↑ Frimmersdorf. (No longer available online.) Research Center Recultivation, archived from the original on February 3, 2014 ; Retrieved March 29, 2012 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ^ A b c Peter Zenker: The history of lignite mining in Neurath and Frimmersdorf. (PDF; 3.8 MB) Retrieved March 29, 2012 .
- ^ Home calendar of the Eschweiler history association from 1987: "People and their work" . Eschweiler History Association, Eschweiler 1987 ( PDF Online ). ( Page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
