Neuenhausen (Grevenbroich)
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Neuenhausen
Grevenbroich municipality
Coordinates: 51 ° 4 ′ 13 ″ N , 6 ° 35 ′ 22 ″ E
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| Height : | 66 m |
| Area : | 4.5 km² |
| Residents : | 3163 (December 31, 2018) |
| Population density : | 704 inhabitants / km² |
| Incorporation : | 1930 |
| Incorporated into: | Grevenbroich |
| Postal code : | 41517 |
| Area code : | 02181 |
 Neuenhausen from the vantage point on the Vollrather Höhe
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Neuenhausen is a district of the city of Grevenbroich in the Rhine district of Neuss in North Rhine-Westphalia .
Data
- License plate: GV, from July 1, 1956 - expiring district, from 1970 district Grevenbroich. NE, since January 1, 1975.
- GOV identification: NEUSENJO31HB
geography
Neuenhausen is located on the left Lower Rhine . The district itself is located in the city triangle Düsseldorf - Cologne - Mönchengladbach .
Neuenhausen is bounded in the west by the L361 (Neuenhausener Straße), in the north by the A 540 , in the east by the Vollrather Höhe ( 187.3 m above sea level ; highest point) and in the south by the Welchenberg.
history
According to the land dean and pastor HH Giersberg, Neuenhausen is one of the oldest villages in the Grevenbroich dean's office. He estimates that the village was founded in the 10th century. This would make Neuenhausen older than Grevenbroich, where a village only formed around the existing castle in the 11th century.
The church in Neuenhausen, which was replaced by a new building in 1888, was one of the oldest in the district. First evidence of the place goes back to the year 962, but it is not certain whether Neuenhausen was actually meant by the name "Bruoche". The fact that the old church already appears as a parish church in the “ liber valoris ” around 1300 suggests that the place has existed for a longer period of time. The aristocratic Cäcilienstift in Cologne was the landlord of the village. Until the secularization , the abbess also exercised the right of patronage there. An advocatus Gottfried appeared in Neuenhausen as early as 1288.
The beginnings of the village are difficult to see through. The first news comes from the year 962; however, the name Neuenhausen does not appear in it. On September 25th of this year Archbishop Bruno transferred a number of goods to the St. Cäcilien Abbey in Cologne, including a hoof (lat. Mansus, a farmer's position) "in villa Bruoche" (in the village of Broich). A later hand probably added “et aecclesiam” (and the church) above the line towards the end of the 11th century. Therefore one can assume that the Broich mentioned here - and not another of the many places of the same name - was the nucleus of Neuenhausen; because the abbess of St. Cäcilien was landlord and church lord in Neuenhausen.
Broich was probably the lower-lying district with the center of Pötzplatz (Brunnenplatz). This is also supported by the location of the church at the interface between Unter- and Oberdorf. The name Neuenhausen probably originally only referred to the upper village, because it is a typical clearing name. The structure of the new settlement also corresponds to this: It stretched up the Villehang and was extremely small-scale and planned according to plan, which has remained recognizable to this day. So small farmers were employed here, surplus people from the area who were able to build up a small, independent existence by clearing the forest. The Fronhof (Herrenhof, old high dt. Fro = lord; derived from this, indulge, indulge and Corpus Christi = body of the lord) of the manor of St. Cäcilien was above the village of Neuenhausen in a large closed field; after 1950 large housing estates were built here.
The abbess still had the lower jurisdiction in Neuenhausen in 1550. We learn about this from a wisdom (a legal instruction) of the lay judges: the abbess is recognized as the landlady, but the duke of Jülich as patron, Vogt (judge) and "tyrant". He judges on "violent matters" up to the death penalty. At that time the farms belonging to St. Cäcilien had probably not been the only ones in the village for a long time. There was also a court of the Cologne Johanniter - coming St. Johannes and Cordula, and the wisdom determined: lay judges who do not own any monastery property should receive financial compensation for their efforts from those who hold such goods but do not take on the office of lay judge can or want. This provision reflects the fact that the regional court, which was presided over by the Vogt, emerged from the monastery court.
Neuenhausen was an independent municipality until 1930. In the course of the municipal reorganization of the Düsseldorf government district, Neuenhausen became a district of Grevenbroich.
Narrow terrace ledges have developed along the Erft , which were and are preferred settlement locations compared to the formerly meandering Erft and its swampy lowlands. The Welchenberg (last northern branch of the Ville) was also a preferred settlement site, from which the restored Welchenberg estate and the former monastery have been preserved.
In 1995, Neuenhausen won a bronze medal and a special prize as part of the state competition “Our village should become more beautiful”. A stone with an embedded plaque still reminds of this award on the corner of Willibrordusstrasse and Königslindenstrasse.
Population development
| year | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 |
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| population | 3044 | 3031 | 3077 | 3137 | 3144 | 3163 |
Culture and sights
Parish and monastery Welchenberg
The name Walchen, Walen or Welsche is probably derived from the name of the Celtic Volcae. The Welchenberg housed a sanctuary in which the matrons were presumably venerated. The parish church of Welchenberg, dedicated to St. Dedicated to Willibrord, it is first mentioned in 1308 and was replaced by a new building in the 18th century. The parish existed until the 15th century and was replaced by the Welchenberg monastery. The monastery was built in 1427 or shortly before. It was a branch of the Third Order of St. Franziskus (tertiary), perhaps donated by Count Wilhelm von Limburg as Lord von Bedburg, who also transferred the parish church of Welchenberg to the monks. The monastery dedicated to St. Willibrord was consecrated, existed until the secularization 1802; that year it had seven priests and two lay brothers. Nothing is known about the older church and monastery buildings. In 1696 a new building complex was built, presumably after the war damage, of which the convent building is now used by the RWE company after thorough restoration; the farm buildings, however, were demolished. The monastery church, which was newly built in 1750/51, also experienced this fate, albeit much earlier. As early as 1811, it was no longer listed in a property register for Welchenberg. The high altar and two confessionals found a new home in the church of Allrath. A 15th century choir cross and a large oil painting depicting St. Willibrord from 1659 came to the church of Neuenhausen. A stucco relief from the ceiling of the former refectory (dining room) was moved to the parish church of Brühl-Pingsdorf in 1964.
Willibrordus healing fountain
Located at the edge of the forest and a little off the road, there is a hidden well, above which there is an old cross and a statue of the Virgin Mary. A little behind the fountain begins a slight ascent that extends to the highest point of the Welchenberg.
The origin of its name is unclear. One theory is that the name was derived from a pagan god named Walchus. The derivation from "mons walchi" to Welchenberg is vague. Another assumption is that the name comes from the Celts who shouted “What a mountain!” When they saw the mountain.
The small fountain got its name from St. Willibrord (658-739). He was an English missionary and on his way from the Maas to the Rhine he passed the Welchenberg and tried to spread the Christian faith there too. Because of this, he built a monastery. In order to create another place of pilgrimage for people, Willibrord, according to legend, bored into the ground with his crosier around 709 AD and created a spring that is still said to have healing powers. Shortly after the waterhole was built, people who had been convinced of the Christian faith were baptized there.
In addition to its function as a healing and baptismal fountain, the place has developed into a place of pilgrimage . After Willibrord's death, people came from Echternach in particular , where he was buried, to pray or repent at this point.
Since the end of the Second World War , the spring has dried up due to lowering of the groundwater level for coal extraction by Rheinbraun AG.
House Welchenberg
It was built in 1925/26 on the occasion of the millennium of the Rhineland, with which the affiliation of this region to the German Empire and Prussia was celebrated. Probably on the initiative of the then District Administrator Dr. Aloys Vogel, a children's rest home was built on September 8, 1925 for what was then the Grevenbroich district on the Welchenberg. More than a quarter of the construction was financed by donations of 20,000 Reichsmarks . In the summer of 1926, the new home was opened for socially, health and physically disadvantaged children. Under the direction of Franciscan Sisters from Salzkotten , up to 70 children could be accommodated there for six weeks. The house was equipped with a variety of games, sports and therapy options. As early as 1927/28 it was expanded to include a youth hostel.
The world economic crisis and the resulting political changes made it difficult to finance the house; In 1932 only 20 orphans lived there. After the NSDAP came to power , it was made available to the party in August 1933 and a Gauführerschule was established. In 1939, the district finally transferred the entire house to the Düsseldorf Gauleiter State Councilor Friedrich Karl Florian in order to avoid the National Socialists' monetary demands . Even during the war, the Gaufführer school was maintained on Welchenberg, and forced laborers were housed there at the same time. When the Americans occupied Neuenhausen on March 3, 1945, the Welchenberg house, the last bastion of the National Socialists, suffered severe damage and was then plundered by the population.
After Polish civil workers and homeless families were temporarily accommodated there, the building finally returned to district ownership in 1949 and was converted into a tuberculosis hospital under the management of Cologne Cellitinnen , which only became superfluous with the construction of the new Grevenbroich district hospital in the mid-1980s.
Since mid-1991, after a renovation, the building has served as a socio-therapeutic facility for alcoholic and pill-dependent people.
Cult site Drei Linden and Gut Vollrath
Where the Vollrather Höhe rises today, there were still three mighty linden trees about a hundred meters east of the new cemetery in the 1950s. They were legendary trees. A memorial plaque and a stone still remind of this today. A long time ago a particularly pretty young woman lived in Neuenhausen. Many local boys tried in vain to win their favor. Soon the young woman had more envious enemies than friends. When one day the beautiful woman from Neuenhausen was accused of having dealings with the devil, many residents were ready to believe this. Some time later, she was sentenced to death. Again and again the young woman protested her innocence and shortly before her death she declared that as a sign of her innocence three linden trees would grow out of her place of justice. And so it happened. The three mighty linden trees near Neuenhausen continued to grow until the middle of the 20th century and were the popular destination of many lovers. About a hundred meters east of the entrance to the new Neuenhausen cemetery, the linden trees stood at a point that is now covered by the Vollrather Höhe.
Not far away was Gut Vollrath, an old farm with about 265 acres of land. Like the three linden trees, it was buried with overburden from lignite mining from the middle of the 20th century . As a reminder, memorial stones were erected on the Vollrather Höhe in October 2004, which are exactly where the three linden trees and the Vollrath estate were. The Vollrath estate was first mentioned in chronicles in August 1300, when Jordanus de Volderode sold ten acres of land to St. Gereon Abbey in Cologne. 654 years later, Gut Vollrath was demolished on August 11, 1954. The Vollrather Höhe buried the Vollrath estate under itself and took away its direct connection to the towns of Allrath and Neuenhausen.
Bailiwick of Neuenhausen
A spiritual manorial needed a secular Vogts for the exercise of high jurisdiction . In the 11th century this could only be a member of an old noble family. Everything indicates that these were the Lords of Broich and, in their successor, the Counts of Kessel .
We know two names of Neuenhauser Vögten from later times. The first is the knight Gottfried advocatus de Nuenhusen, who appears as a witness in a Kessel document in 1288 . He is named together with the knight Nicolaus de Bruke, who we also know as Vogt von Gohr. Both were evidently Kesselian ministerials and they served as subordinates.
On May 24, 1371, Fia von Ederen sold the Neuenhausener Vogtei and all its possessions to Duke Wilhelm II von Jülich and his wife Maria von Geldern . She and her late brother, Provost von St. Andreas in Cologne , had acquired it for the whole hand with the right of free resale - unfortunately the document does not say from whom. The Ederen were an old noble family from the Jülich area, and the Counts of Kessel also owned property in Ederen, so that the previous owner (s) of the bailiwick probably belonged to the same class. The gap between 1288 and 1371 can be hypothetically closed by the fact that the last boiler, Walram, sold the bailiwick in its well-known financial need, so that it did not fall to Jülich with the Kessel inheritance in 1304.
Parish Church of St. Cyriacus
The current parish church was built in the 1880s through the piety and self-sacrifice of the faithful, but also with great artistry, and was solemnly consecrated in 1888 by the then bishop. The church is built in the so-called neo-Gothic style, which was almost universally used in church building at that time. After the Catholic Church had escaped the pernicious ideas of the Enlightenment around the middle of the 19th century, it was now all the more concerned with the spiritual world of the Middle Ages, where people were united in one faith. Christians became more and more aware of these times of great faith. So everyone was enthusiastic about the completion of the Cologne Cathedral and everyone helped to accomplish this enormous work. In this context, the Gothic style of the Middle Ages appeared to be the ideal form of building new places of worship. So countless churches in the neo-Gothic style grew up, especially in the Cologne area. In the middle of the 20th century, however, there was strong criticism of the neo-Gothic; one no longer understood the meaning and rejected it. Only after so much had been destroyed did it become clear again that many of these works are of great beauty and significant artistic creation. So then came the big day (1973) when the state curator, while visiting the parish church and delighted with the beauty of the inventory, said to the pastor: "Now I am declaring your church as a place of worship." All parishioners are delighted with this declaration Fulfills. So the exterior of the church was restored, especially the tower, which had suffered severely from the war. Now the church rises above the sea of houses in Neuenhausen as the house of God in new beauty and admonishes the Catholic Christians that they are citizens of two worlds.
Neuenhauser Castle
For the older medieval history of the flat Lower Rhine area, the castles of the early nobility, i.e. the low-rise castles of the motte type (French: raised, water-defended castle hill; forerunner of the moated castles) are of particular importance. They served to secure rule against noble competitors. The connection between these defensive structures and the Norman invasions of the end of the 9th century, postulated in the past, can now be regarded as outdated. The moths, wooden or later stone small castles on castle hills, which were artificially raised in swamp or water valleys according to the fortification principle (= fortification) of the elevation, date to the 10th to 12th centuries, in a time that was primarily from a change in the political and social order. The organization of public life, which originated in Franconia, was modified and the beginnings of national rule emerged. Because since the 10th century the nobility seems to have left the villages and settled in a rather inaccessible area away from the settlement. Only in the 11th or 12th century did these new foundations take on the character of a fortification. The medieval low-rise castles of the Motten type, together with the court festivals / graves courtyards and the moated castles as a form of settlement, represent a novelty of the early Middle Ages in north-western Europe.
The street name "Am Burgwall" is reminiscent of a castle in the Neuenhausen area. The castle itself was on the Erft; the place is still known. Two small excavations were carried out here by teachers and students from Neuenhaus, during which the remains of the wall came to light. Parts of moats can still be seen today, and the Tranchot map from 1807/08 shows these places. The castle is also documented: In 1422 Duke Reinald leased Gerhard Jacobs von Broich's (that is, the ducal!) Farm “on the Werdth, namely the house and Hoffstatt with two Hoven Landtz, the Bereh aft, the village Newenhaußen, and vort with pastures, water, Benden and all its accessories ”.
This large property is probably the farmyard of the first Broich Castle. Because Werth describes an island, and the mountain can only mean a “moth”, an artificial castle hill - the Welchenberg is out of the question because it did not belong to Jülich territory. In 1681 there was a dispute over the Werthhof. His owner at the time, Alard von Waldois, had died, and Pastor Curtius refused to allow him to be buried in the church, which the owners of the Werthhof were entitled to. As a justification, he cited that Alard did not live in the courtyard, but a house built in 1671 in front of it. The son of Alard had to change the priest's mind with two Reichstalers. In the opinion of Pastor Curtius, the right to be buried in the church was literally attached to the old court as a noble residence with special rights.
Whether Burg Neuenhausen is the original Broich Castle, after which the Lords of Broich named themselves, and thus the predecessor of Grevenbroich Castle, cannot be decided and, if at all, could only be answered by a professional excavation. The unfavorable traffic situation - there was no trunk road here, not even (to this day) a usable Erft crossing - suggests that the castle of the Neuenhauser Vogt be assumed here.
Pötzplatz
The Pötzplatz is known for its fountain . In 1987 the fountain was redesigned and inaugurated. Since then, the square has been called Pötzplatz again. The word Pötz comes from the Lat. "Poto" = drink. Well and community life used to go hand in hand. With the redesign, the square should - as in earlier times - become a sociable place of exchange. The villagers should feel comfortable and be able to meet to chat. Nowadays, of course, the focus is no longer on fetching water, but the Pötzplatz with its fountain is certainly one of the most beautiful and sociable places in Neuenhausen.
The half-timbered house from 1711 on Pötzplatz belongs to Paul Aretz and his family. This old house used to be part of a farm with brewing rights . This is suspected because a crossed pitchfork and a mixing ladle are carved into the old wooden beam above the door . The name of the former owner, John Bruer, also gives an indication of the brewing right. Where there is brewing, there are restaurants, and wherever there are restaurants, there is always a lot going on. There have been up to eleven pubs in the small town in the past , but that was a long time ago.
It was not without good reason that this Grevenbroich district was also called “Kirmeshausen” instead of Neuenhausen. Today the Schützenfest is the biggest village festival of the year, in the past people celebrated carnival with a parade and everything that went with it. So it is not surprising that three large halls were available for celebrations in the small village. At that time, in the Kleinfelderhof, which was no longer managed, there was dancing outdoors in addition to the gastronomy . In the other halls, theater evenings, cinema screenings and music took place.
Village pillar
For a long time there has been a desire in Neuenhausen to record the village history and make it accessible to the population. The Neuenhausen village column has been located above the main street, in front of the stairway to the church on the hillside Königslindenstraße. Created by the artist Klaus Peter Noever , who was born in Krefeld in 1929 , it shows important motifs from Neuenhausen's history and is intended to bring the past closer to all citizens, especially the younger ones. The green space in the heart of Neuenhausen with the newly created monument has since developed into a place where young and old commemorate the past together in order to shape the future together.
The four panels show, among other things, a representation assigned to Bishop Willibrord with a church, spring, barrel, book and boy. It appears that he is reading something from the scriptures to the children. Another panel shows part of the coat of arms of the St. Sebastianus Rifle Brotherhood. The district of Neuenhausen itself does not have a coat of arms. The relief is modeled on the keystone in the archway of the former "Welchenberg Monastery" (Tertiaren). It contains the coat of arms of the monastery at that time with the year 1731 (construction of the archway) and has nothing to do with the church of St. Cyriakus and its construction. Another relief is the current coat of arms of the St. Sebastianus Schützenbruderschaft 1668 Neuenhausen e. V. represents. Another panel shows a sand farmer with a horse and cart (in the vernacular "sand hare") and reminds of the crystal sand mining on the Sandberg (Welchenberg).
Vollrather height
The Vollrather Höhe , official name Windpark Grevenbroich , is an 187.3 m above sea level. NN high recultivated overburden dump of the Rhenish lignite opencast mine ( lignite opencast mine Frimmersdorf ) and is one of the largest in North Rhine-Westphalia. The Vollrather Höhe, which previously did not exist, was raised to its present height from 1955 to 1967 using excavated material from the lignite mine and was recultivated from 1960 to 1972. It forms the highest point in the Rhein-Kreis Neuss.
The Vollrather Höhe forms a high plateau that is mainly used for agriculture. Several wind propellers generate environmentally friendly electricity. Together with the artificial clouds that rise from the cooling towers of the Frimmersdorf power station, this man-made mountain is a widely visible symbol of how sustainable and irretrievable the production of energy from natural resources hidden deep in the earth has changed our landscape and our lives. Sustainable equals irreversible - that is an old, but no longer contemporary, interpretation of the term.
On February 29, 2000, the former North Rhine-Westphalian Prime Minister Wolfgang Clement , together with the former Federal Chancellor Gerhard Schröder, put the world's largest series wind turbine into operation in the Grevenbroich wind farm. With a total height of 120 meters and a nominal output of 2.5 megawatts , the new N-80 wind turbine breaks all existing records. The state of North Rhine-Westphalia funded the construction with 2.2 million DM, around 25 percent of the total investment.
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Local associations
- 1. FC Grevenbroich-Süd 1912/77 - football club (merger of the former football clubs, FC Neuenhausen, VfB Allrath and BSC Barrenstein-Oekoven).
- Tennis club Welchenberg Neuenhausen eV founded in 2017 from the former tennis department of the 1. Fc Grevenbroich Süd, today with around 160 members.
- Gartenbauverein Neuenhausen - was founded in 1932 and today has around 250 members.
- Neuenhausen - today and tomorrow e. V. - was founded in January 2006 and today has around 70 members.
- Neuenhausen settler association - was founded in 1954 and today has around 120 members.
- Fighter train "Early Practice" 1983
- "German Oak" hunter train in 1937
- "Schützenlust" hunter train 1959
- St. Sebastianus Schützenbruderschaft 1668 e. V. - Brotherhood of around 500 riflemen in the alliance of historical German rifle brotherhoods.
- Drum corps "Sandhasen" Neuenhausen - was founded in 1925 and today has around 40 active musicians.
- Quartettverein 1908 Neuenhausen - The men's choir was founded on October 12, 1908 and today has 35 active singers.
- Pfarr-Cäcilien-Chor St. Cyriakus Neuenhausen - The church choir was founded in January 1886 and today has 25 active singers.
literature
- HH Giersberg: History of the parish churches of the deanery Grevenbroich In: History of the parishes of the Archdiocese of Cologne, Ed. K. Th. Dumont; Cologne; (1883).
- Paul Clemen: The art monuments of the Neuss district In: The art monuments of the Rhine province; P.56; (1895)
- Antonius Schwarz: St. Cyriakus 1888–1978 ; Edited by the Neuenhausen parish; 32 pages; (1978).
- Karl Emsbach and Max Tauch : churches, monasteries and chapels in the Neuss district ; Edited by the chief district director of the Neuss district. Köln n.d. [1986], pp. 68-69
- Wilhelm Lauth: Willibrordus and the Welchenberg In: Contributions to the history of the city of Grevenbroich 7 (1988), pp. 7–37.
- Michael Kaiser: A Gallo-Roman matron shrine on the Welchenberg? In: Almanach for the Neuss district 1989, pp. 68–87.
- St. Sebastianus Schützenbruderschaft 1668 e. V .: Anniversary publication: 325 years of the St. Sebastianus Brotherhood in Neuenhausen ; 1993.
- Jakob Tupps: The Chronicle of the History Association in newspaper reports 1977–1997 ; Contributions to the history of the city of Grevenbroich, Volume 11; 2nd expanded edition; History Association for Grevenbroich and Surroundings e. V .; (1995).
- Village column in Neuenhausen ; Edited by the city of Grevenbroich in the Neuss district; September 7, 1996.
- Werner Amian: “What a mountain, the Welchenberg”. City center - Neuenhausen - Südstadt. Published by the Grevenbroich e. V. Grevenbroich 1996 (Hike, experience, discover Grevenbroich ... Tour 3). (16 pages)
- Manfred Granschinietz : Around the Welchenberg near Neuenhausen ; A contribution to the history of the Grevenbroich district; Edited by the city of Grevenbroich; (1998).
- Hans Georg Kirchhoff : Grevenbroich. The city history. From prehistoric times to the French Revolution . With the collaboration of Jost Auler . Edited by the history association for Grevenbroich and the surrounding area e. V. Grevenbroich 2006 (Contributions to the History of the City of Grevenbroich 17), pp. 232–234.
- Sebastian Info ; Bulletin of the St. Sebastianus Schützenbruderschaft 1668 Neuenhausen e. V .; Published twice a year; since 2007.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Population
- ↑ Numbers and data - Neuenhausen ( Memento of the original dated November 10, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
Allrath | Barrenstein | Bush | Elsen | Frimmersdorf | Gilverath | Gindorf | Greetings | Gubisrath | Gustorf | Shirts | Chapels | Laach | Long calves | Mühlrath | Münchrath | Neuenhausen | Neubrück | New Elfgen | Neukirchen | Neurath | Noithausen | Orcs | City of Hülchrath | City of Wevelinghoven | Südstadt | Tüschenbroich | Four winches
Former locations: Elfgen | Gurath | Reisdorf | St. Leonhard