Traditional Herero leaders
The traditional leaders of the Herero ( English Traditional Leaders ) are the social leaders of the Herero and its associated ethnic groups such as Himba in today's Namibia . The Herero leaders played an important role in the history of Namibia , especially during the occupation by German South West Africa , and later they were also leaders of the Hereroland homeland of South West Africa .
Legal basis
According to the Namibian Constitution of 1990, traditional leaders, tribal and clan heads as well as traditionally determined or democratically elected leaders are given a permanent place in the Namibian political system . This takes into account the multicultural and multi-layered society of the country.
The constitution provides for the title of chief (in German boss, chieftain) and senior headman for traditional leaders . The traditional title, always Ombara among the Herero , can be used as an addition.
Kakurukouje (Veripaka)
Kakurukouje , also Veripaka, is a Herero clan based in Etanga . This is considered to be one of the oldest in the country and is also known as the Kingdom of Oherero .
- Kuvare ; around 1510–1560
- Rupembo roNdjai ; around 1560–1600
- Njosejambangu , * before 1600 † 1710 (?); probably until 1710 (?)
- Tjikurundjimbi (Tjambiru)
- Uomaoko Tjambiru
- Kakurukouje (Kasupi ka Mbepera)
- Veripaka Tjambiru , † 1970; -1970
- Vetamuna Nguruua Tjambiru , † 1993; 1970-1993
- Ukoruavi Tjambiru , † 2004; 1993-2004
- Vemuui Tjambiru ; since 2005 (recognized in 2008)
Kambazembi Royal House
Kambazembi Royal House is a Herero clan based in Onguatjindu ( Okakarara ). They played an important role in the Herero and Nama uprising .
Kambazembi wa Kangombe (1870s)
- Kambazembi wa Kangombe , † 1903; about 1860-1903
- David Kaonjonga Kambazembi ; 1903-1904
- Salatiel Kambazembi ; 1903-1941
- Josephat Kambazembi ; 1941-1960
- David Kaunjunjua
- Tuhavi David Kambazembi , * 1932 † 2006; 1989-2006
- Uaakutjo Kambazembi * 1968 † July 23, 2014; 2007-23. July 2014
- Sam Kambazembi ; since November 15, 2014
Ovaherero
The Ovaherero form a split into two branches of the Herero clan based in Otjinene . The exact affiliation of the kings is not clear, especially since besides the fact that each branch has its own king, there are disputes about a common king.
Common kings
The common head of all Herero ( Paramount Chief of the OvaHerero ) is not officially recognized by the Namibian government. They have their headquarters in Aminuis , which is to be relocated to Okahandja in 2015 [obsolete] .
Hosea Kutako (statue)
Kuaima Riruako on Herero Day (2006)
- Hosea Kutako , * 1874 † 1970; 1925-1970
- Clemens Mutuurunge Kapuuo , * 1923 † 1978; 1970-1988
- Kuaima Riruako , * 1935 † June 2, 2014; 1978-2014 (also Paramount Chief of all Herero)
- vacant ; June 2, 2014 to July 14, 2014
- Fanuel Tumbee Tjombe † July 31, 2014; acting chief from July 14 to July 31, 2014
- vacant ; August 1, 2014 to September 21, 2014
- Vekuii Rukoro * November 11, 1954; since September 22, 2014, crowned on May 2, 2015; not accepted by most Herero leaders
- Moses Maharero (in Botswana ), since 2012
Maharero and Tjamuaha
The Maharero and Tjamuaha / OtjikaTjamuaha are also known as Red Flag known (Red Flag).
Maharero Royal House
the brothers Julius Maharero (left) and Samuel Maharero (right)
- Kengeza ; before 1750
- Tjituka ; before 1750
- Mbunga ; before 1750
- Mutjise et al. Mbunga ; around 1750
- Tjirue et al. Mutjise ; after 1750
- Mukuejuva ; before 1800
- Mbondo ; before 1810
- Peraa ; before 1810
- Ndomo ; before 1820
- Tjamuaha et al. Tjirue , * around 1790 † 1859 (or 1861?); 1842–1859 (or 1861?)
- Maharero et al. Tjamuaha , * 1820 † 1890; 1861-1890
- Samuel Katjiikumbua Maharero , * 1856 † 1923; 1890–1915 (in exile until 1923)
- Frederick Maharero , * 1875 † 1952; 1923–1924 (in exile until 1952)
- Traugott Maharero ; 1908-1945
- Eduard Maripeuani Maharero ; 1945–1969
- Alfons Kaihepovazandu Maharero ; * 1938 † 2012; 1970-2012
- Tjinani Maharero (Tjinaani Maharero); since 2012
Tjamuaha Royal House / OtjikaTjamuaha
- Tjihahu ; before 1830
- Tjoro ; before 1840
- Samuel Aron Mungunda ; around 1840
- Katjari ; around 1844
- Oove et al. Muhoko Kahitjene ; about 1840-1851
- Kangombe ; before 1860
- Daniel Kariko ; about 1890-1896
- Tjaherani ; about 1860–1876
- Riarua; about 1870–1889
- Assa Riarua * 1848, † after 1904; 1890 – around 1904
Zeraeua Royal House (also Zeraua )
The royal house is based in Omaruru and Zeraeua are also known as White Flag known (White Flag).
Zacharias Zeraeua (2nd from left), Manasse Tyiseseta (4th from left)
- Christian Wilhelm Zeraeua (also Christian Wilhelm Zeraua ); about 1860–1876
- Manasse Tyiseseta ; 1884-1898
- Michael Tyiseseta , * 1872 † 1924; 1898-1904
- Zacharias Zeraeua (also Zacharias Zeraua ); 1876-1904
- Christian Eerike Zeraeua (also Christian Eerike Zeraua ); † 2012; 1997-2012
- Manasse Meundju Christian Zeraeua (also Manasse Zeraua ); de facto June 25, 2012–24. January 2014, subsequently declared invalid and finally crowned on September 15, 2019
Ovahimba and Ovatjimba
- Ovahimba
- Muhona Katiti ; about 1910-1931
- Karuvapa ; 1931–
- Ovatjimba
- Kasupi ; about 1900-1923
- Kahewa-Nawa ; 1923-1935
- no successor
Kapika
Kapika even Ombuku , is a clan of Himba based in Epupa .
- Munjomuhoro Kapika , † 1982 (1983?); –1982 (1983?)
- Hikuminue Kapika , * 1933 or 1934; since 1982 (1983?) de facto , officially since 2016, revoked in 2018
- Mutaambanda Kapika ; since 2014 (by self-declaration; controversial)
Otjikaoko
Otjikaoko is a Herero clan, especially the Himba , based in Opuwo . They are considered to be one of the oldest groups in the north of the country.
- Kaoko
- Tjavara
- Nambi
- Ndajara
- Kaupangua
- Mureti
- Rutjindo
- Nguezeongo
- Koujeko
- Tjondjou
- Mbuijazo
- Muharukua
- Paulus Tjavara (Paulus Uziruapi Tjavara); since 1996
Vita (Tom) Royal House
The Vita Royal House , also Vita Tom Royal House, is a Herero clan, especially the Himba. The seat is in Opuwo. They are also known as the Oorlog . oVita means “war” in Otjiherero just like Oorlog in Afrikaans . The spelling of the surname Tom is also regularly spelled as Thom .
- Vita Tom ; -1937
- Moses Ndjai ; 1937–
- Oorlog Harunga Thom
- Johannes Kazonguindi Tom , † 1996; -1996
- Kapuka John Thom , * 1918 † 2009; 1996-2009
- Tjimbware Tom (Tjimbuare Thom); since 2009
Ovambanderu
The Ovambanderu (Green Flag) are one of the largest Herero clans. Their leaders bear the traditional title Omutize Uotjihavero or Ombara Onene JovaMbanderu .
- Munjuku Nguvauva , † 1880; until 1880
- Kahimemua Nguvauva , † June 11, 1896; 1880-1896
- Kanangati Hoveka ; around 1880–1896
- Nicodemus Kavikunua ; around 1880–1896
- Nikanor Hoveka ; 1896-1951
- Hiatuvao Nguvauva ; 1896 – early 20th century
- Stephanus Hoveka ; 1951-1957
- Gerson Hoveka ; 1957-1997
- Sylvanus Hoveka ; 1997–?
- Munjuku Nguvauva II ; 1952-2008
After the death of Munjuku Nguvauva II, a follow-up dispute broke out, which developed between his legitimate son Keharanjo and his illegitimate son Kilus and which could only be provisionally ended with the appointment of Munjuku Nguvauva II's widow as queen on May 17, 2011. To top it off on June 13, 2011, there were again disputes over the legitimate succession.
-
Keharanjo Nguvauva II , † 2011; 2009-2011
- Aletha Karikundua Nguvauva ; since May 17, 2011 (crowned June 13, 2011)
- Kilus Nguvauva ; 2009–
- Peter Nguvauva ; –2011
- Gerson Katjirua ; since February 7, 2011
- Kilus Nguvauva ; in fact since 2009, officially since November 24, 2014 (was officially appointed sole chief of Ovambanderu by judgment on October 2, 2014 and took office on November 24, 2014)
- Gerson Katjirua ; provisional since October 10, 2015
Omaruru
- Kandji Tjetjo ; around 1880–1904
- Traugott Tjetjo ; around 1895–1904
Hoveka
The traditional authority of the Hoveka was officially recognized for the first time in 2018. It is located in the Eiseb area .
- Turimuro Hoveka ; since November 24, 2018
See also
literature
- Wolfgang Reith: The chief chiefs of the Herero people. Brevi Manu, Windhoek 2017, ISBN 978-99916-895-1-7 .
Web links
Individual evidence
- ^ Sun sets on chapter in Herero history, The Namibian, July 31, 2006
- ↑ 07/25/2014 morning news. Hitradio Namibia, July 25, 2014 ( Memento from April 2, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) accessed on July 25, 2014
- ^ Government Notice, Appointment of Traditional leader, March 27, 2008 ( Memento of July 28, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) (PDF; 4.3 MB) accessed on April 13, 2011
- ^ Ovaherero Unity Remains Elusive, The Namibian, September 8, 2009
- ↑ May 4, 2015 News in the evening. Hitradio Namibia, May 4, 2015. ( Memento of May 5, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Retrieved on May 4, 2015.
- ↑ cf. Clemens Kapuuo , in: Internationales Biographisches Archiv 17/1978 of April 17, 1978, in the Munzinger archive ( beginning of article freely available)
- ^ Acting Ovaherero chief dies. The Namibian, July 31, 2014 ( Memento from August 1, 2014 in the web archive archive.today ), accessed on July 31, 2014
- ↑ August 30, 2018 - Morning News. Hitradio Namibia, August 30, 2018.
- ↑ Chief Alfons Maharero Passes on. , Namibian Sun , April 27, 2012, accessed April 28, 2012
- ↑ Party politics rejected. Allgemeine Zeitung, July 23, 2013, p. 3
- ^ The Zeraeua Royal House appoints the late chief successor. NBC, 2014 ( March 4, 2016 memento on the Internet Archive ). Retrieved September 16, 2014
- ↑ January 25, 2014 morning news. ( Memento from January 28, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Hitradio Namibia, January 25, 2014, accessed on January 25, 2014
- ↑ Manasse Zeraeua officially crowned as chief. Informanté, September 15, 2019.
- ↑ Himba chief loses official status. The Namibian, March 12, 2018.
- ^ Vita Thom Royal House Chief, 'unforgettable' , in: Government Information Bulletin , December 2019, p. 17.
- ^ Government Gazette. Republic of Namibia, No. 5564, September 19, 2004, p. 2.
- ↑ Kunene region. Ministry of Urban and Rural Development. Retrieved May 29, 2020.
- ^ Nguvauva chooses suicide , Allgemeine Zeitung, April 11, 2011
- ↑ Mbanderu-prins sterf , Die Republikein, April 11, 2011
- ↑ Mbanderu chief appointed , Allgemeine Zeitung, December 16, 2009
- ^ Nguvauva widow becomes head of Ovambanderu ( memento of March 23, 2014 in the Internet Archive ), Allgemeine Zeitung, May 18, 2011
- ↑ Opponents of women report after coronation: Inauguration of Ovambanderu boss Aletha Nguvauva has reignited the succession dispute , Allgemeine Zeitung, June 14, 2011
- ^ New Acting Chief for Ovambanderu, New Era, February 8, 2011 ( Memento of September 14, 2012 in the web archive archive.today )
- ↑ Turimuro Hoveka officially installed as Hoveka Traditional Authority head. Namibia Press Agency, November 25, 2018.