List of human cell types
There are more than 300 cell types in the human body. The different cell types arise during ontogenesis from one of the three germ layers : endoderm , mesoderm or ectoderm . The respective cell lineage arises from the different development .
Cells from the endoderm
Secretory epithelial cells
- Salivary gland mucosal cell ( polysaccharide- rich secretion)
- Salivary gland number 1 ( glycoprotein- rich secretion)
- Von Ebner gland cell (washes taste buds on the tongue)
- Mammary gland cell ( milk secretion )
- Lacrimal gland cell ( lacrimal secretion )
- Ceruminal gland cell in the ear ( earwax secretion )
- Eccrine sweat gland dark cell (glycoprotein secretion)
- Eccrine sweat gland clear cell (secretion of small molecules)
- Apocrine sweat gland cell (fragrant secretion, sex hormone sensitive)
- Minor gland cell in eyelid ( sweat gland )
- Sebaceous cell ( sebum secretion)
- Bowman's gland cell in the nose (washes olfactory epithelium )
- Brunner's gland cell in the duodenum ( enzymes and alkaline mucus )
- Seminal vesicle cell (secretes seminal fluid )
- Prostate cell (seminal fluid)
- Bulbourethral gland cell ( mucus secretion)
- Bartholin's gland cell (vaginal lubricant secretion)
- Littre gland cell (secretion of mucus)
- Uterus - endometrial cell ( carbohydrate secretion)
- Isolated goblet cells of the respiratory tract and gastrointestinal tract (mucus secretion)
- Gastric mucous membrane cell (secretion of mucus)
- Gastric gland cell ( pepsinogen secretion)
- Parietal cells ( hydrochloric acid secretion)
- Pancreas acinar cell tumors ( bicarbonate and digestive enzyme secretion)
- Paneth cells in the intestine ( lysozyme secretion)
- Type II pneumocyte of the lungs ( surfactant secretion)
- Club cell of the lungs
Hormone secreting cells
- Somatotropic anterior pituitary cell
- Lactotropic anterior pituitary cell
- Thyrotropic anterior pituitary cell
- Gonadotropic anterior pituitary cell
- Corticotropic anterior pituitary cell
- Interbrain cell (secretes melanocyte-stimulating hormone )
- Large cell neurosecretory cell (secretes oxytocin )
- Large cell neurosecretory cell (secretes vasopressin )
- Digestive and respiratory tract cells (secretes serotonin )
- Digestive and respiratory tract cells (secretes endorphin )
- Digestive and respiratory tract cells (secretes somatostatin )
- Digestive and respiratory tract cells (secretes gastrin )
- Digestive and respiratory tract cells (secretin secretin )
- Digestive and respiratory tract cells (secretes cholecystokinin )
- Digestive and respiratory tract cells (secretes insulin )
- Digestive and respiratory tract cells (secretes glucagon )
- Digestive and respiratory tract cells (secreted bombesin )
- Thyroid epithelial cell
- Parafollicular cell of the thyroid gland
- Parathyroid cell of the parathyroid gland
- Oxyphilic cell of the parathyroid gland
- Chromaffin cell of the adrenal gland (secretes steroid hormones : mineral corticoids and glucocorticoids )
- Leydig cell of the testes (secretes testosterone )
- Theca interna cell of the ovarian follicle (secretes estrogen )
- Granulosa lutein cell of the corpus luteum, cell of the ruptured ovarian follicle (secretes progesterone )
- Theca lutein cell of the corpus luteum, cell of the ruptured ovarian follicle (secretes progesterone )
- Juxtaglomerular cell ( renin secretion)
- Macula densa - cell of the kidneys
- Peripolar cell of the kidneys
- Mesangial cell of the kidneys
Cells from the ectoderm
Tegmental system
Keratinizing epithelial cells
- Epidermal Keratinocytes (Differentiated Cell)
- Epidermal basal cell ( stem cell )
- Keratinocytes of the fingernails and toenails
- Nail bed basal cell (stem cell)
- Medullary hair cell
- Cortical hair shaft cell
- Cuticular hair shaft cell
- Cuticular hair root sheath cell
- Hair root sheath cell Huxley layer
- Hair root sheath cell Henle layer
- External hair root sheath cell
- Trichocytes of the hair matrix (stem cell)
Barrier epithelial cells
- Surface epithelial cells of the squamous epithelial layer of the cornea , tongue , oral cavity , esophagus , anal canal , distal urethra and vagina
- Basal cell (stem cell) of the epithelia of the cornea, tongue, oral cavity, esophagus, anal canal, distal urethra and vagina
- Urinary epithelial cell ( urinary bladder and urinary tract)
Nervous system
Heart converter cells
- Inner hair cell of the organ of Corti
- Outer hair cell of the organ of Corti
- Basal cell of the olfactory epithelium (stem cell for olfactory neurons)
- Primary sensory neurons sensitive to cold
- Heat sensitive primary sensory neurons
- Merkel cell of the epidermis (touch sensor)
- Odor receptor neuron
- Pain sensitive primary sensory neurons (various types)
- Photoreceptor rod cells
- Blue-sensitive photoreceptor cone cells of the eyes
- Green-sensitive photoreceptor cone cells of the eyes
- Red-sensitive photoreceptor cone cells of the eyes
- Proprioceptive primary sensory neurons (various types)
- Touch- sensitive primary sensory neurons (various types)
- Type I carotid artery cell (pH sensor blood)
- Type II carotid artery cell (pH sensor blood)
- Type I hair cell of the vestibular system in the ear (acceleration and gravity)
- Type II hair cell of the vestibular system in the ear (acceleration and gravity)
- Type I taste bud cell
Autonomous nerve cells
- Cholinergic nerve cells (various types)
- Adrenergic nerve cells (various types)
- Peptidergic nerve cells (various types)
Sensory organs and peripheral support cells
- Inner column cell of the organ of Corti
- Outer column cell of the organ of Corti
- Inner phalangeal cell of the organ of Corti
- Outer phalangeal cell of the organ of Corti
- Marginal cell of the organ of Corti
- Hensen's cell of the organ of Corti
- Vestibular cell
- Taste cell
- Olfactory epithelial cell
- Schwann cell
- Satellite glial cell (encapsulation of peripheral nerve cell bodies)
- Enteric glial cell
Central nervous system: neurons and glial cells
- Astrocytes (various types)
- Neurons (various types)
- Oligodendrocytes
Lens cells
Cells from the mesoderm
Metabolic and storage cells
- Hepatocyte (liver cell)
- Adipocyte : White fat cell
- Adipocyte : Brown fat cell
- Liver fat cell
Barrier functional cells ( lungs , intestines , exocrine glands and urogenital tract )
Kidneys
- Kidney specimen cells
- Podocytes of the kidney glomeruli
- Brush border cell of the proximal tubules of the kidneys
- Thin segment cell of Henle's loop
- Kidney cell of the distal tubules
- Kidney collecting tube cell
- Type I pneumocyte (edge of the air space in the lungs)
- Pancreatic duct cell ( centroacinar cell)
- Unstriped canal cell (of the sweat gland , salivary gland , mammary gland, etc.): main cell
- Unstriped canal cell (of the sweat gland , salivary gland , mammary gland etc.): intercalated cell
- Canal cell (of the seminal vesicle , prostate, etc.)
- Brush border cell of the intestine (with microvilli )
- Striated canal cell of the exocrine glands
- Gallbladder epithelial cell
- Uncultivated cell of the efferent duct
- Epididymal main cell
- Epididymal basal cell
Cells of the extracellular matrix
- Ameloblast ( enamel secretion )
- Planum semilunatum epithelial cell of the organ of equilibrium in the ear ( proteoglycan secretion)
- Interdental epithelial cell of the organ of Corti (cover membrane produces hairs of the tectorial membrane)
- Soft connective tissue fibroblast
- Corneal fibroblasts (keratocytes)
- Tendon fibroblast
- Bone marrow fibroblast
- Other nonepithelial fibroblasts
- Pericyte
- Nucleus pulposus Cell of the intervertebral discs
- Cementoblast / cementocyte (tooth root- bone secreting Ewan cell)
- Odontoblast / odontocyte ( dentin secretion)
- Chondrocyte of the hyaline cartilage
- Chondrocyte of the fibrous cartilage
- Chondrocyte of the elastic cartilage
- Osteoblasts / osteocyte
- Osteoprogenitor cell (stem cell of osteoblasts )
- Hyalocyte of the vitreous humor
- Star cell of the perilymphatic space in the ear
- Liver star cells (Ito cell)
- Pancreatic cell
Contractile cells
- Red skeletal muscle cell (slow)
- White skeletal muscle cell (fast)
- Inter-skeletal muscle cell
- Nuclear sac cell of the muscle spindle
- Nuclear chain cell of the muscle spindle
- Satellite cell (stem cell)
- Heart muscle cell , normal
- Nodal heart muscle cell (heart muscle cell)
- Purkinje fiber cell (heart muscle cell)
- Smooth muscle cell (various types)
- Myoepithelial cell of the iris
- Myoepithelial cell of the exocrine glands
Blood cells and cells of the immune system
- Erythrocyte (red blood cells)
- Megakaryocyte ( platelet precursor)
- Monocyte (white blood cells)
- Connective tissue macrophages (various types)
- Epidermal Langerhans cell
- Osteoclast (in bone)
- Dendritic cell (in lymphoid tissue )
- Microglial cell (in the central nervous system )
- Neutrophil granulocytes
- Eosinophils
- Basophil granulocytes
- Mast cell
- T helper cell
- Suppressor T cell
- Cytotoxic T cell
- Natural killer T cell
- B cell
- Natural killer cell
- Reticulocyte
- Stem cells precursor cells of hematopoiesis (various types)
Germ cells
- Oogonium / egg cells
- Spermatid
- Spermatocyte
- Spermatogonium (stem cell for spermatocytes)
- Spermatozoon
Nutrient cells
Interstitial cells
literature
- Wolfgang Kühnel: Color Atlas of Cytology, Histology, and Microscopic Anatomy. 4th edition, Thieme flexibook, 2003. ISBN 978-1-58890-175-0 .
- Edmund S. Cibas, Barbara S. Ducatman: Cytology: Diagnostic Principles and Clinical Correlates. 4th edition, Elsevier Health Sciences, 2013. ISBN 978-1-4557-5079-5 .
- Parvin Ganjei-Azar, Mehrdad Nadji: Color Atlas of Immunocytochemistry in Diagnostic Cytology. Springer Science & Business Media, 2007. ISBN 978-0-387-32122-6 .
- DC Kraushaar, K. Zhao: The epigenomics of embryonic stem cell differentiation. In: International journal of biological sciences. Volume 9, Number 10, 2013, pp. 1134-1144, ISSN 1449-2288 . doi : 10.7150 / ijbs.7998 . PMID 24339734 . PMC 3858586 (free full text).
- YD Mahnke, TM Brodie, F. Sallusto, M. Roederer, E. Lugli: The who's who of T-cell differentiation: human memory T-cell subsets. In: European Journal of Immunology. Volume 43, Number 11, November 2013, pp. 2797-2809, ISSN 1521-4141 . doi : 10.1002 / eji.201343751 . PMID 24258910 .
- KL Marcelo, LC Goldie, KK Hirschi: Regulation of endothelial cell differentiation and specification. In: Circulation research. Volume 112, Number 9, April 2013, pp. 1272-1287, ISSN 1524-4571 . doi : 10.1161 / CIRCRESAHA.113.300506 . PMID 23620236 . PMC 3768127 (free full text).
- Y. Zhang, D. Khan, J. Delling, E. Tobiasch: Mechanisms underlying the osteo- and adipo-differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells. In: TheScientificWorldJournal. Volume 2012, 2012, pp. 793823, ISSN 1537-744X . doi : 10.1100 / 2012/793823 . PMID 22500143 . PMC 3317548 (free full text).
Web links
- MeSH Cell lineage
- Cell types in MeSH
- Types of neurons from NeuroLex
- eukaryotic cell types in the COPE database .
Individual evidence
- ↑ Bruce Alberts, Dennis Bray, Julian Lewis, Martin Raff, Keith Roberts, and James D. Watson: Cells of the Adult Human Body: A Catalog ( Memento of the original from November 10, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link became automatic used and not yet tested. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. In: Molecular Biology of the Cell. , Garland, 1994. Appendix.