Łomża

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Łomża
Coat of arms of Łomża
Łomża (Poland)
Łomża
Łomża
Basic data
State : Poland
Voivodeship : Podlaskie
Powiat : District-free city
Area : 35.20  km²
Geographic location : 53 ° 10 '  N , 22 ° 5'  E Coordinates: 53 ° 10 '0 "  N , 22 ° 5' 0"  E
Height : 95 m npm
Residents : 62,965
(Jun. 30, 2019)
Postal code : 18-400
Telephone code : (+48) 86
License plate : BL
Economy and Transport
Street : Warsaw - Białystok
Siedlce - Suwałki
Next international airport : Warsaw
Gmina
Gminatype: city
Surface: 35.20 km²
Residents: 62,965
(Jun. 30, 2019)
Population density : 1789 inhabitants / km²
Community number  ( GUS ): 2062011
Administration (as of 2007)
City President : Jerzy Brzezinski
Address: Stary Rynek 14
18-400 Łomża
Website : www.lomza.pl



Łomża

Łomża [ ˈwɔmʐa ] ( German Lomscha , outdated Lumbsee or Lumbse ) is a city in the Podlaskie Voivodeship , Poland , on the Narew River . It is the seat of a Gmina and Powiat Łomżyński , of which it does not belong.

history

At the end of the 9th century, the first unfortified settlement arose on the castle hill five kilometers east on the other side of the Narew. In the first half of the 11th century there was a small castle there, which was enlarged and better secured after being destroyed by a fire in the 12th century. A settlement was established nearby, which is now called Stara Łomża (Old Łomża) . After the danger from the east had subsided by the Polish-Lithuanian union of 1386, it was decided - probably for economic reasons - to relocate the settlement and to reorganize administratively. This process was completed with the granting of town charter under Kulm law in 1418.

From the 15th to the 17th century, Łomża was one of the largest cities in Mazovia , with which it fell to Poland as a royal city in 1526. It was an important trading center for grain and timber in the region. The decline of the city began with the attacks of the Swedes in the 17th century (Flood) , which continued until the partitions of Poland , when the city became part of Prussia in 1795, and from 1807 belonged to the Duchy of Warsaw . After the Congress of Vienna , it fell to the Russian division of Congress Poland . In the 19th century, a modest food, leather and wood industry emerged. From the 16th century until the Second World War, the city developed into a major Jewish center. Around 1900 the proportion of the Jewish population was 53.8%.

During the First World War , the city was occupied by the Germans in 1915, who set up an internment camp here. Łomża was also contested in the Polish-Soviet War of 1919/1920. In the re-established Poland it belonged to the Białystok Voivodeship and received a bishopric in 1925 , although the majority of the population in those years consisted of Jews (approx. 56% in 1939).

In 1939, during the German invasion of Poland as a result of the German-Soviet non-aggression pact , the city was occupied by the Soviet Union and annexed to the Belarusian Soviet Socialist Republic . In June 1941, as part of the German attack on the Soviet Union , the Germans moved in and set up a ghetto for around 9,000 Jews, of whom they shot over 3,000 and deported the rest to the Treblinka extermination camp . The city itself was incorporated into the Bialystok District . The city was largely destroyed by the war. After the liberation, Łomża was the seat of the Łomża Voivodeship in post-war Poland from 1975 to 1998 . After the administrative reform, the city is only the administrative seat of a district in the Podlaskie Voivodeship .

Rural community

The rural municipality of Łomża includes 43 localities, 40 of which have a Schulzenamt . The city of Łomża is the seat of this rural community, but does not belong to it.

Attractions

  • Cathedral, late Gothic, completed around 1526
  • Episcopal Palace, neoclassical (1925)
  • Town hall, classicistic (1822/1823)
  • Market hall (1928)
  • Capuchin monastery with church (1770–1798, Baroque)
  • Kościół Wniebowzięcia NMP ( Church of the Assumption of Mary ) (built in 1877 as a garrison church for Orthodox)
  • Brama Napoleona ( Napoleon Gate ) (Entrance to a house where Napoleon stayed during his Moses campaign)
  • Two Jewish cemeteries (on Zielona Street and Wąska Street)

Universities and cultural institutions

  • Państwowa Wyższa Szkoła Informatyki i Przedsiębiorczości ( State University of Informatics and Entrepreneurship )
  • Wyższe Seminarium Duchowne ( Higher Seminary )
  • Wyższa Szkoła Agrobiznesu (Agricultural Business School )
  • Wyższa Szkoła Zarządzania i Przedsiębiorczości im. Bogdana Jańskiego ( Bogdan Jański University of Administration and Entrepreneurship )
  • Kolegium Języków Obcych ( foreign language college , German and English)

Personalities

Partnerships

Łomża has entered into partnerships with the following cities:

Web links

Commons : Łomża  - album with pictures, videos and audio files

Footnotes

  1. ↑ a b population. Size and Structure by Territorial Division. As of June 30, 2019. Główny Urząd Statystyczny (GUS) (PDF files; 0.99 MiB), accessed December 24, 2019 .
  2. ↑ Prussiae descriptio (map contained in: Abraham Ortelius : Theatrum or Schauplatz des Erdbodens , Antwerp 1573.)
  3. ↑ Jacob Kopp Mayer (ed.): Theatrum Cosmographico-Historicum Quartum. Fourth show place in the historical world = description. Augsburg 1686, page 62.
  4. ^ Paul Robert Magocsi: Historical Atlas of Central Europe (= A History of East Central Europe. Vol. 1). Revised and expanded edition. University of Washington Press, Seattle WA 2002, ISBN 0-295-98193-8 , p. 109.
  5. ^ Pro Patria Poland Team: Gielczyn Forest near Lomza - German. April 4, 2018, Retrieved April 4, 2018 .
  6. ↑ /www.lomza.pl