Lubawa
| Lubawa | |||
|---|---|---|---|
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| Basic data | |||
| State : | Poland | ||
| Voivodeship : | Warmia-Masuria | ||
| Powiat : | Iława | ||
| Area : | 16.84 km² | ||
| Geographic location : | 53 ° 30 ′ N , 19 ° 45 ′ E | ||
| Residents : | 10,387 (Jun. 30, 2019) |
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| Postal code : | 14-260 | ||
| Telephone code : | (+48) 89 | ||
| License plate : | NILE | ||
| Economy and Transport | |||
| Rail route : | Działdowo – Iława | ||
| Next international airport : | Bydgoszcz | ||
| Gmina | |||
| Gminatype: | Borough | ||
| Surface: | 16.84 km² | ||
| Residents: | 10,387 (Jun. 30, 2019) |
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| Population density : | 617 inhabitants / km² | ||
| Community number ( GUS ): | 2807021 | ||
| Administration (as of 2007) | |||
| Mayor : | Maciej Radtke | ||
| Address: | ul.Rzepnikowskiego 9 A 14-260 Lubawa |
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| Website : | www.lubawa.pl | ||
Lubawa [ luˈbava ] ( German Löbau in West Prussia ) is a town with about 9500 inhabitants in the Powiat Iławski ( Powiat German Eylau ) of the Polish Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship .
geography
The city is located in the former West Prussia immediately southwest of the Kernsdorfer Höhe on the Sandela river and is largely surrounded by the Wel (wave) river.
history
The terra Lubavia was first mentioned in 1216 in connection with a Prussian castle . The first written evidence for the city dates from 1260. The linguists do not agree on the meaning of the name. However, it should represent a landscape description ( Prussian "loba": valley, depression; cf. Latvian "lubene": meadow). The town and castle were destroyed by the Sudauer in 1269 . The bishops of Kulm had the town and festivals rebuilt and resided in the castle until they moved their seat to Kulmsee in 1781 .
From 1466 to 1772 Löbau belonged to the autonomous Prussian royal portion , which had voluntarily submitted to the sovereignty of the Polish crown. The land of Löbau, Latin: Lobovia, was divided. By his decree of March 16, 1569 on the Lublin Sejm , King Sigismund II August unilaterally terminated the autonomy of West Prussia under threat of severe penalties, which is why the sovereignty of the Polish king in this part of the former territory of the Teutonic Order from 1569 to 1772 was perceived as foreign rule has been.
In 1724 a fire destroyed large parts of the city. Löbau found it difficult to recover from this; 50 years later it only had 624 inhabitants and over 100 properties were still in desolation. There were hardly any massive houses, with timber and apron structures predominating .
As part of the first division of Poland , Löbau came to the Kingdom of Prussia in 1772 under Frederick II of Prussia . At the time of Napoleon Bonaparte , Löbau was temporarily affiliated with the Duchy of Warsaw from 1807 to 1815 . In 1813 the castle burned down after a lightning strike and was demolished. Löbau was returned to Prussia at the Congress of Vienna . The number of inhabitants rose to 1,300 by 1819.
In 1820 the local Bernardine monastery was closed. The monastery church was assigned to the Protestant community. A school was later set up in the other monastery buildings.
In 1884 Löbau got a connection to the railway. There was hardly any industry in the city, small handicrafts and groceries dominated. From 1818 to 1920 Löbau gave the district of Löbau its name, but the seat of the district administration was the neighboring Neumark . Löbau and its district belonged to the Marienwerder administrative district in the West Prussian province of the German Empire .
During the entire time it belonged to Prussia and from 1871 to the German Empire, the population of the city and the surrounding area consisted of German, Polish and Masurian language groups and was predominantly Catholic. In 1890 half of the city's residents were Poles . At the beginning of the 20th century Löbau had a Protestant church, three Catholic churches, a synagogue , a Progymnasium , a Protestant school teacher seminar, a preparatory institute and a district court.
After the First World War , Löbau had to be ceded to Poland due to the provisions of the Versailles Treaty . After the attack on Poland in September 1939, the district was annexed by the German Reich and assigned to the Reichsgau Danzig-West Prussia , to which Löbau belonged until 1945.
The National Socialists destroyed the city synagogue . In 1943 there were 5,657 inhabitants in the city.
Towards the end of the Second World War , Löbau was occupied by the Red Army in the spring of 1945 . Unless the German townspeople had fled, they were expelled from Löbau in the following period .
Population development until 1945
| year | Residents | Remarks |
|---|---|---|
| 1772 | 625 | |
| 1785 | 1,115 | mostly Roman Catholic Poles |
| 1802 | 1,269 | |
| 1816 | 1.007 | including 207 Protestants, 585 Catholics and 215 Jews |
| 1819 | 1,297 | |
| 1821 | 1,598 | |
| 1831 | 2.126 | mostly Poles |
| 1852 | 3,310 | |
| 1864 | 3,951 | of which 1,244 Protestants and 2,154 Catholics |
| 1871 | 4.224 | including 1,350 Evangelicals and 2,350 Catholics (2,200 Poles ) |
| 1875 | 4,506 | |
| 1880 | 4,857 | |
| 1890 | 4,593 | of which 1,651 Protestants, 2,604 Catholics and 338 Jews (2,300 Poles) |
| 1900 | 4,451 | mostly Catholics |
| 1921 | 4,600 | 400 Germans |
| 1943 | 5,657 |
| year | Residents | Remarks |
|---|---|---|
| 2006 | 9,328 |
traffic
Lubawa station is the end point of the Zajączkowo Lubawskie – Lubawa railway, which is still operated as a siding . Rakowice in the Lubawa commune has a train station on the Warsaw – Gdańsk railway line .
Rural community
The rural community of Lubawa, which does not include the city itself, covers an area of 237 km² with 10,711 inhabitants (June 30, 2019). The seat of the rural community is in the village of Fijewo.
Personalities
- Christoph Cuppener (* around 1466, † 1511), lawyer (also Kuppener or Kupener )
- Otto Schellong (1858–1945), German doctor and ethnologist
- Erwin Liek (1878–1935), German doctor and writer
- Walther Ziesemer (1882–1951), German specialist in German, diplomat and linguist
- Valentin Kielinger (1901–1969), German politician
- Karl-Friedrich von der Meden (1896–1961), German lieutenant general in the Wehrmacht
- Anton Lendzion (1888–1940, * in Samplawa), MP in Gdansk and victim of National Socialism
- Harris Newmark (en)
- Leopold Harris (en)
literature
- in order of appearance
- Johann Friedrich Goldbeck : Complete topography of the Kingdom of Prussia . Part II: Topography of West Prussia , Marienwerder 1789, pp. 44–45, No. 4.
- August Eduard Preuss : Prussian country and folklore . Königsberg 1835, pp. 433-434, no. 38.
- Franz Wenzlaff: Löbau in 1656 (from the "Foreword" of the program for the public examination of the town school in Löbau. Elbing 1839). In: New Prussian Provincial Papers . Another series, Volume 8, Issue 5, Königsberg 1855, pp. 381–388.
- Gustav Liek : The city of Löbau in West Prussia with consideration of the state of Löbau , Marienwerder 1893 ( e-copy ).
Web links
- Official website of the city of Lubawa
- Map of Prussia 1600s with Löbau and the divided country Lobovia ( Memento from April 14, 2005 in the Internet Archive )
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b population. Size and Structure by Territorial Division. As of June 30, 2019. Główny Urząd Statystyczny (GUS) (PDF files; 0.99 MiB), accessed December 24, 2019 .
- ^ Hans Prutz : History of the Neustadt district in West Prussia . Danzig 1872, p. 104 .
- ^ A. Reusch: West Prussia under Polish scepter. Ceremonial speech given at the Elbinger Gymnasium on 13th Spt. 1872 . In: Altpreußieche Monatsschrift , NF, Volume 10, Königsberg 1873, pp. 140–154, especially p. 146 .
- ^ Hans Prutz : History of the Neustadt district in West Prussia . Danzig 1872, p. 104 ff .
- ↑ a b c d Meyers Großes Konversations-Lexikon , 6th edition, Volume 12, Leipzig and Vienna 1908, p. 641, No. 1).
- ^ Max Toeppen : Historisch-Comparative Geographie von Preussen. Gotha 1858, p. 363.
- ^ Löbau district
- ↑ a b c Handbook of Historic Places : East and West Prussia , Kröner, Stuttgart 1981, ISBN 3-520-31701-X , pp. 123–124.
- ^ Johann Friedrich Goldbeck : Complete topography of the Kingdom of Prussia . Part II: Topography of West Prussia , Marienwerder 1789, pp. 44–45, No. 4.
- ↑ a b c Alexander August Mützell and Leopold Krug : New topographical-statistical-geographical dictionary of the Prussian state . Volume 5: T – Z , Halle 1823, 330–331, item 403.
- ^ August Eduard Preuss: Prussian country and folklore . Königsberg 1835, pp. 433-434, no. 38.
- ^ Kraatz: Topographical-statistical manual of the Prussian state . Berlin 1856, p. 359.
- ^ E. Jacobson: Topographical-statistical handbook for the district of Marienwerder , Danzig 1868, pp. 90–91, no. 96 .
- ^ Gustav Neumann: Geography of the Prussian State . 2nd edition, Volume 2, Berlin 1874, p. 50, point 4.
- ^ A b c Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. Province of West Prussia, district of Löbau / Neumark. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
- ↑ Der Große Brockhaus , 15th edition, Volume 11, Leipzig 1932, pp. 506–507, No. 2).