Moritz Gottlieb sapphire

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Moritz Gottlieb Saphir, lithograph by Joseph Kriehuber , 1835
Baden near Vienna , Kaiser-Franz-Ring 11, house where Moritz Gottlieb Saphir died ( Eisenstädterhaus )
Moritz Gottlieb Saphir, photo by Carl Ferdinand Stelzner , 1843.

Moritz Gottlieb Saphir (born February 8, 1795 in Lauschbrünn near Stuhlweissenburg , † September 5, 1858 in Baden near Vienna ; actually Moses Saphir ) was an Austrian writer, journalist and satirist.

Life

Saphir was the son of the shopkeeper Gottlieb (previously Israel) Saphir and his wife Charlotte Brüll. With the “ tolerance patent ” of Emperor Joseph II of January 2, 1782, a family name was prescribed to all Jewish subjects, and Saphir's father was one of the first to choose this name. Saphir was sent to the Talmud School in Pressburg by his family to become a rabbi . At the age of eleven, Saphir had fallen out with his family to such an extent that in 1806 he went to Prague on his own responsibility and attended the Talmud school there.

But a short time later, Saphir discovered European literature and studied English , German and Romance studies . In 1814, the family withdrew his permission (probably the financial support) and brought back his underage son. However, since sapphire was not profitable for his father's business, he was allowed to go to Pest some time later to study Latin and Greek . It was there that Sapphire's writing career began. He made his debut in the magazine Pannonia , and in 1821 his first book, “Poetic First Fruits”, a volume of poetry that was received mostly benevolently, was published.

The publisher Adolf Bäuerle invited Saphir to Vienna in 1822 and hired him for his Viennese theater newspaper . Here Saphir made himself so unpopular through merciless theater reviews and various essays that he was expelled in 1825 and went to Berlin .

Heinrich Hubert Houben called his work there as editor of his feature section Berliner Schnellpost for literature, theater and sociability , at the Berliner Courier and as editor of the Berlin theater almanac for the year 1828 , in 1909 Heinrich Hubert Houben called "the real beginning of Berlin journalism". On December 9, 1827, Saphir founded the literary society “ Tunnel over the Spree ” based on the model of the Ludlamshöhle , to which he had belonged in Vienna - as, as Theodor Fontane scoffed decades later, “personal bodyguard” in his literary feuds. The eloquent satirist made more and more enemies in Berlin, so that even prominent club colleagues from the “tunnel” could not (or would not) help him. The Wroclaw journalist and theater poet Karl Schall publicly challenged Saphir to a duel . In the Berlin Courier on March 3, 1828, Saphir offended the singer Henriette Sontag with a poem about her sister Nina, which led to a scandal. It was in this context because of "disrespect" to the police to short imprisonment convicted.

In 1829 he moved to Munich . There, together with the Franckh brothers, he founded the magazines Der Bazar for Munich and Bavaria. A breakfast sheet for everyone and every woman (1830) and Der deutsche Horizont (1831). Here in particular it became very hurtful again, both verbally and in writing. When he satirically attacked and insulted the Bavarian royal family , he was charged with lese majesty , sentenced, imprisoned for a short time and, after serving his sentence, expelled from Munich.

Saphir went to Paris and quickly became famous for his lectures. His literary evenings in the salon of the bookseller Martin Bossange even earned him an invitation from the French King Louis Philippe . In 1831 he came back to Munich and took over the editing of the Bavarian observer . In the following year he converted from the Mosaic to the Evangelical faith . This and some literary reluctance meant that he was soon appointed to the Royal Bavarian Court Theater Director .

In 1834 he returned to Vienna and, as the authorities forbade him to found his own newspaper, wrote again for the theater newspaper . This ban was only lifted with effect from January 1, 1837, and on the same day Saphir founded the satirical magazine “ Der Humorist ”, which he published until his death in 1858 (it was soon published six times a week in Vienna, by Leopold Grund, and existed until 1862). During the revolution of 1848 he was first elected to the head of a revolutionary writers' association, but shortly afterwards resigned from this position and waited for the situation in Baden to calm down.

This behavior and the increasing political restraint in his texts made him, who was persecuted by the censorship for life, later open to attack by a new generation of writers as "reactionary". His opposition to Johann Nestroy and his friendship with Ignaz Franz Castelli became legendary . Several lecture tours followed through Germany, France and Austria. After returning from such a trip, his wife left him.

In 1853 Johann Strauss (son) dedicated the waltz “Wiener Punch-Lieder” op. 131 to him.

In the summer of 1858, Saphir traveled to Baden near Vienna for a cure. “Here I sit and lie sick; - stand with one foot in the grave, walk with the other towards death, ”he wrote to Gustav Heine on July 21, adding a poem he wrote as a“ grave inscription ”for publication free of charge. He died on September 5, 1858 at the age of 63.

Saphir was friends with the writer Marie Gordon , with whom he had a daughter. She signed the announcement “of the passing of her dearly beloved uncle, resp. Father and foster father ”in second place as Marie Saphir , after Bernhard Saphir and before August Gordon, Imperial and Royal Lieutnant .

Moritz Saphir's grave is located in the Matzleinsdorf Evangelical Cemetery (Group 1, No. 168) in Vienna. After her death on June 5, 1913, at the age of 76, her daughter Marie was also buried in this grave.,

Works

  • Declamatory Soirée (1858)
  • Stupid Letters (1834)
  • Jokus' pastry shop (1828). Digitized by the Central and State Library Berlin, 2020. urn: nbn: de: kobv: 109-1-15388749
  • Poetic first fruits (1821)
  • Selected writings 10 volumes. 4th edition, Karafiat, Brno 1870

Journal start-ups

  • Midnight sheet for the starry sky of mood and humor (1830)
  • The German horizon. A humorous paper for time, spirit and custom (Jaquet, Munich, 1.1831-4.1834)
  • The humorist. A magazine for jokes and seriousness, art, theater, sociability and custom (Bolte, Vienna, 1.1837-25.1862), to which a humorous-satyrical folk calendar (1.1851-8.1858) was attached at times . Information from ANNO and facsimiles from ANNO

literature

Footnotes

  1. ↑ The dying room is located on the greened building wicket existing at house number 9 (left in the picture). - In: Wallner: Häuser , p. 13.
  2. ↑ HH Houben: Introduction to: Ludwig Rellstab : 1812 - A historical novel , FA Brockhaus 1910 https://www.projekt-gutenberg.org/rellstab/1812/1812.html . Heinrich von Treitschke's judgment in the first volume of his German history of the nineteenth century (1879) was marked by the sharpest rejection https://www.projekt-gutenberg.org/treitsch/gesc19-1/gesc19-1.html . See also Heinrich Stümcke : Henriette Sontag (1913), p. 52 ff. ( Restricted preview in the Google book search) and Meike Wagner: Theater and public in Vormärz , Berlin 2013, pp. 140–168 ( restricted preview in the Google Book search)
  3. ↑ Theodor Fontane: Autobiographical, From twenty to thirty, The tunnel over the Spree, first chapter. In: zeno.org. 1898, Retrieved January 17, 2015 .
  4. ↑ Munich punch . A humorous original sheet. Volume 11 No. 38, September 19, 1858, p. 295 books.google ; more detailed Herrmann Josef Landau: New German house treasure for friends of the arts and sciences . 4th ed. Part II: Literature. Prague 1866. pp. 1091–4 books.google and Heinrich Stümcke: Henriette Sontag (1913), pp. 113 ff. ( Limited preview in Google book search). See also Silly Briefe, Bilder und Chargen, Cypressen, Literatur- und Humoral-Briefe , Munich 1834, p. 19 archive.org , where Saphir himself speaks of six weeks imprisonment and claims that his poem was to the singer Sontag (Henriette) and sapphires under the pseudonym Dr. Debeck published "Monologue of a humorous writer condemned to nine-week police arrest", Der Bazar für München and Bayern Nro. 5, January 5, 1833, pp. 22-4 books.google
  5. ↑ Fremd-Blatt No. 166 of July 23, 1858, p. 4 r.Sp. anno.onb.ac.at .
  6. ↑ Münchener Anzeiger. Insert for the latest news . No. 254 of September 12, 1858, page 2975 books-google

Web links

Wikisource: Moritz Gottlieb Saphir  - Sources and full texts
Wikiquote: Moritz Gottlieb Saphir  - Quotes
Commons : Moritz Gottlieb Saphir  - Collection of images, videos and audio files
personal data
SURNAME Saphir, Moritz Gottlieb
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Sapphire, moses (real name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Austrian writer
DATE OF BIRTH February 8, 1795
PLACE OF BIRTH Lovasberény near Székesfehérvár
DATE OF DEATH September 5, 1858
Place of death Baden near Vienna