Machaon
Machaon ( Greek Μαχάων ) is in Greek mythology, one of the healing knowledgeable sons of Asklepios and the Epione , the Merops daughter (or, in Hesiod , the son of Xanthione , according to another version, Koronis or Hesione). He was thus the grandson of Apollon and brother of Hygieia , Panakeia and Podaleirios .
Stand and deeds
After Pausanias he was a great doctor and miracle worker whom the Messenians worshiped divinely. He owned a small kingdom in Messenia in the Peloponnese . With his younger brother he is also said to have ruled the three cities of Trikka , Ithome and Oichalia in Thessaly . He was among Helena's suitors .
Together with his brother Podaleirios he took part from Aulis with 30 Thessalian ships as a military leader on the march to Troy , he alone had occupied twenty of them with people from Attica. There he was a famous doctor (and, in the style of the time, wound healer) of the Greeks, trained by his father , but also a brave fighter. He learned his healing arts from his father and from his teacher Cheiron . He healed the wound of Menelaus, wounded by the arrow of Pandaro .
During the siege, Paris ( Alexandros ) shot him an arrow in the shoulder. Nestor - at Idomeneus' shouting - brought him to safety at once, since the Greeks cared a lot about their common doctor. So he finally healed Philoctetes ' wound, which had been exposed on the island of Lemnos , for a long time, which was incurable. Hence some narrate that the Greeks exempted him from most of the war work and dangerous activities because of his science. Nonetheless, he crept into the wooden horse and was dragged into the city of Troy.
He was nevertheless killed by Eurypylos of Mysia , son of Telephus , who wanted to avenge the death of Nireus ; according to others by Penthesilea , queen of the Amazons. Nestor brought his bones to Messenia , where he received a tomb and a sanctuary with healings in Gerenia ( Enope ).
Wife and sons
His wife was Antikleia , daughter of Diocles , son of Orsilochus and king of Pherai . With her he fathered Nicomachus ( Nicomachus ) and Gorgasus . In addition to these, Sphyrus and Alexanor , Polemocrates and Asclepius the younger are said to have been his sons without reporting the mother .
Adoration
He had his special temple at Gerenia, where it was believed that he showed people what to use against diseases. In Pergamon he was so venerated that no one was allowed to mention the name of Eurypylos in the temple of Asclepius because he had killed Machaon. Glaucus is said to have been the first to sacrifice to him in Gerenia.
Eponym
- In his honor, Carl von Linné gave him one of the most common butterflies of the knight butterfly family , the "swallowtail", its Latin name - Papilio machaon (1758).
- Machaonia wasnamed after himby Humboldt and Bonpland, a genus of plants in Rubiaceae (1806).
- A Jupiter Trojan asteroid No. 3063 Makhaon is named after him.
literature
- Otto Höfer : Machaon . In: Wilhelm Heinrich Roscher (Hrsg.): Detailed lexicon of Greek and Roman mythology . Volume 2.2, Leipzig 1897, Col. 2228-2231 ( digitized version ).
- Benjamin Hederich : Thorough mythological lexicon. Gleditsch, Leipzig 1770 ( online ) ISBN 978-3-89853-535-9 ; Reprographischer Reprint, Darmstadt 1996. ISBN 3-534-13053-7
- Ferdinand Peter Moog: Machaon. In: Werner E. Gerabek , Bernhard D. Haage, Gundolf Keil , Wolfgang Wegner (eds.): Enzyklopädie Medizingeschichte. De Gruyter, Berlin / New York 2005, ISBN 3-11-015714-4 , p. 877.
Remarks
- ↑ Homer , Iliad 4,193-217; Hyginus , Fabulae 97.
- ↑ Pausanias 2,29,2; Aristides in the Scholia at Pindar , Pythian Odes .
- ↑ Hesiod, Eoien fr. 53 M.-U .; Scholion to Homer, Iliad 4,163.
- ^ Hyginus, Fabulae 97.
- ↑ Pausanias 4,3,2.
- ↑ Homer, Iliad 4,193-217; Dictys Cretensis 1, 14; Hyginus, Fabulae 97.
- ^ Hyginus, Fabulae 81.
- ↑ Homer, Iliad 2, 733.
- ^ Hyginus, Fabulae 97.
- ^ Arktinos von Milet , Iliu persis Fr. 4 Bernabe.
- ↑ Libraries of Apollodorus 3,10,8; Epitomes 3.14; Diodor , Historical Library 4,1971,4.
- ^ Aurelius Victor , Origo gentis Romanae 1; Aulus Cornelius Celsus , De Medicina Prooemium 1.12 D; Properz 2.1.59.
- ↑ Homer, Iliad 4,193-217.
- ↑ Homer, Iliad 11,506; Libraries of Apollodor Epitome 4,5.
- ^ Lesches , Small Iliad Synopsis; Properz 2,1,59; Johannes Tzetzes , Scholien zu Lycophrons Alexandra 911.
- ↑ Diodorus 4,73,190.
- ↑ Hyginus, Fabulae 108; Virgil , Aeneid 2,233,263.
- ↑ Hyginus, Fabulae 113; Lesches, Little Iliad fr. 8th; Pausanias 3.26 9; 9.5.15; Dictys Cretensis 4.17.
- ^ Quintus of Smyrna , Posthomerica 6,408.
- ^ Libraries of Apollodor Epitome 5.1.
- ↑ Pausanias 3, 26, 9 f.
- ↑ Pausanias 4,30,3.
- ↑ Pausanias 2,23,4; 2.11.6.
- ^ Augustine in Giovanni Boccaccio , Genealogia deorum gentilium Book V, Chapter 21.
- ↑ Pausanias 3, 26, 9 f.
- ↑ Pausanias 4,3,9.