Magdalensberg (mountain)
| Magdalensberg | ||
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| height | 1059 m above sea level A. | |
| location | Carinthia , Austria | |
| Mountains | Gurktal Alps | |
| Dominance | 2.79 km → Steinbruchkogel | |
| Notch height | 230 m | |
| Coordinates | 46 ° 43 '41 " N , 14 ° 25' 45" E | |
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| rock | predominantly slate and pyroclastics | |
| Age of the rock | Ordovician (approx. 485 to 450 million years before today) | |
| Development | Asphalt road | |
| particularities | Church , town on the Magdalensberg | |
The Magdalensberg (Slov.: Štalenska gora; 1059 m above sea level ) in Carinthia (formerly Helenenberg) is a mountain in the Klagenfurt Basin northeast of Klagenfurt . The church on the summit is a place of pilgrimage and the starting point of the annual four-mountain run . Also on the summit, as well as on the southern slope, was a late Celtic-early Roman settlement, the city on the Magdalensberg . The mountain gave its name to the municipality of Magdalensberg, which was merged in 1973 .
geology
The Magdalensberg consists essentially of marine clay slates , which also contain limestone and sandstones to a small extent , in which a sequence of submarine volcanic rocks is inserted. Among these basaltic volcanic rocks, tuffs and other pyroclastics predominate . The Magdalensberg is the type locality of this sequence of layers of volcanic and sedimentary rocks . Accordingly, it is called the Magdalensberg series . On the basis of certain fossils that are contained in the sedimentary rocks ( acritarches , conodonts , brachiopods ), it has certainly been dated to the Ordovician ( Tremadoc to Caradoc ) , but possibly extends as far as the Upper Cambrian . The Magdalensberg series, which is mostly only very weakly metamorphic (at most lower green slate facies ), is assigned to the Stolzalpe partial ceiling of the Gurktal ceiling of the Upper Eastern Alps . Especially on the southern flank of the mountain, these ancient Paleozoic rocks are overlaid by glacial deposits of the Draugletscher up to a height of 900 m .
vegetation
The Magdalensberg is predominantly overgrown with spruce forest, mixed with beeches in the southeast . In the depression south of the summit towards Ottmanach there is economic grassland, interspersed with fields.
church
The branch church of Saints Helena and Maria Magdalena stands on the summit at the site of a Celtic-Roman sanctuary. The mountain was first mentioned in 1158, the church in 1262. It was probably founded by the Osterwitz taverns and is still a branch of the Ottmanach parish today .
Today's late Gothic building was added to an older building by a master Mothe in 1462 , with completion only at the end of the 15th century. The church is around 27 m long and has a north tower with a pyramid roof. The nave is high, the narrow choir a little lower. On the south side there is a small side choir that forms the Magdalen Chapel and is older than the rest of the church. The choirs and the south side have high tracery windows. The entrance portal in the west is narrow and ogival and has richly profiled Gothic walls. In the arch area above there is a relief Christ monogram and two stars. The nave has three bays and is a two-aisled hall, which is adjoined to the south by a lower aisle. The nave is covered with a star rib vault. The choir is off the axis, has four bays and a ribbed vault .
The winged altar from the St. Veiter workshop from 1502 is particularly noteworthy. In the church there is also a cylindrical, hollowed three-headed stone, which is interpreted as part of a pre-Roman three-headed basin.
Next to the church is a chapel, a small Gothic building with a square floor plan and a pointed roof covered with stone slabs. On the west wall there is a fresco of St. Wolfgang with the year 1786.
Excavations
→ Main article: City on the Magdalensberg
A settlement from the late Celtic-early Roman period was excavated on the southern slope of the Magdalensberg. Before and shortly after the Roman occupation of the Celtic Kingdom of Noricum, it was the most important Roman trading center, where mainly Noric iron was traded. So far the forum, a temple, representative building, bath house, an imperial gold smelter, as well as several commercial, workshop and residential buildings have been excavated. The most significant individual find is the youth from Magdalensberg, found in 1502 .
Web links
- Entry on Magdalensberg in the Austria Forum (in the AEIOU Austria Lexicon )
- Article of the Federal Monuments Office (BDA) on the restoration of the winged altar of the Helenenkirche (March 2007)
- Roman Stone Monuments - 23 thumbnail
Individual evidence
- ↑ entire paragraph after Friedhelm Thiedig: Geology and tectonics of the Magdalensberg and distribution of the Old Paleozoic in Central Carinthia (Austria). In: Carinthia II. 195./115. Volume, No. 1, Klagenfurt 2005, pp. 97–156 ( PDF (38 MB) on ZOBODAT ).
- ^ Helmut Hartl, Roland Stern, Martin Seger : Map of the current vegetation of Carinthia. Natural Science Association for Carinthia, Klagenfurt 2001, ISBN 3-85328-024-2 .
- ↑ a b c Dehio-Handbuch Die Kunstdenkmäler Österreichs: Kärnten. 2nd edition, Anton Schroll, Vienna 1981, ISBN 3-7031-0522-4 , pp. 355–359.
- ^ Gernot Piccottini , Hermann Vetters , with additions by Heimo Dolenz: Guide through the excavations on the Magdalensberg. Verlag des Landesmuseum für Kärnten, Klagenfurt 2003, ISBN 3-900575-24-X .
- ^ Paul Gleirscher, Erwin Hirtenfelder: Myth Magdalensberg. Pompeii of the Alps and holy mountain. Klagenfurt 2014.