Market (Radeberg)
| market | |
|---|---|
 |
|
 Market with a post distance column |
|
| Basic data | |
| place | Radeberg |
| Created | from around the 14th century |
| Newly designed | u. a. 1852, 1954, 1988, 1990s / 2000s |
| Confluent streets | Hauptstrasse, Pirnaer Strasse, Niederstrasse, Schloßstrasse, Oberstrasse |
| Buildings | town hall |
| use | |
| User groups | Pedestrian traffic , bicycle traffic , car traffic , public transport |
| Space design | Sculpture with fountain , post mile column |
The market is the central square in the Saxon city of Radeberg . Almost all the buildings that surround the market are listed buildings. Important municipal facilities such as the town hall, the registry office, the citizens' office and the city library are located on the market.
location
The rectangular paved square is located in the middle of the historic city center. The most striking objects on the market are the town hall, designed by Samuel Locke and completed in 1769, as well as the post-distance column built in 2012. Around the market there are mainly residential houses and various retail stores . The square can be reached via Hauptstrasse and Pirnaer Strasse ; Oberstrasse leads from the market out of town. The Castle Street leads from the castle cliff stone , the low road from the municipal swimming pool directly on the marketplace. The market is served by the bus routes 302 (Stadtverkehr Radeberg) and 310 (regional traffic) of Regionalverkehr Dresden (RVD) . Both lines are integrated into the Upper Elbe Transport Association (VVO) .
history
Even before Radeberg received town and soft image rights on March 16, 1412 from Landgrave Friedrich IV (Meißen and Thuringia) , known as the peaceable or simple-minded, also the younger, the town's marketplace developed in the 14th century. This development was positively influenced by both the Radeberg Castle (predecessor of the Klippenstein Castle ) and the expansion of the road network (especially the Bohemian Salt Road ). Together with the city, the market became increasingly important in the region. The trade in salt played an important role for several centuries. The fresh market in nearby Dresden obtained many goods and goods from the surrounding area via the Radeberger Markt. The brewing industry also acquired its raw materials through market dealers.
In the 15th and 16th centuries there were several disagreements between the markets of the cities of Pirna and Radeberg, but the Radeberger Markt developed faster and more successfully than the market in Pirna due to its more favorable location. Urban planning documents from the 16th century reported that the market square was being expanded as planned within the city gates. Annual markets were held regularly in Radeberg. In 1745 the company Riquet & Co. opened a tea trading branch on the Radeberger Markt.
In the 18th and 19th centuries Radeberg was a garrison town . The guard building, the central military location, was on the market from 1769 to 1824 (roughly at the location of the Markt 2 building ).
Before Radeberg's households were connected to a public water supply , there were large wooden water troughs on the market to ensure the supply of the city. In the 19th century they were replaced by stone troughs, as these showed less wear. When Radeberg got its own water supply network from 1886 , the water troughs lost their function. In 1894 the largest 15,000 liter stone trough was dismantled.
The first gas lighting on the market was installed in 1896. In 1900, for the inauguration of the King Albert Monument, two large gas candelabra were erected on the square. Badly damaged by the two world wars and the temporal decline, the remains of these two candelabra were removed when the market was redesigned in 1954; street lighting typical of the time was installed.
Well-known shops in the times of the GDR included the zoological laboratory of entomologist Werner Heinz Muche , a delicacy (food for higher needs ) and the branch of the Sparkasse with a travel agency. The structure of the entire Radeberg city center was, however, severely neglected, and the buildings on the market also fell into disrepair. In 1987, the city administration and the district management of the SED drafted a concept for the redevelopment of the inner city, and implementation began. After reunification , the concept was expanded and expanded, the buildings on the market were extensively renovated, the city center was completely expanded according to historical aspects.
town hall
A town hall on Radeberger Markt was first mentioned in 1517. A city fire destroyed the entire city center in 1714, the fire also completely destroyed the first town hall. The reconstruction was still going on when there was a fire in the city again on May 18, 1741, the town hall fell victim to the flames again:
“On the evening of May 18th at 11 o'clock in the evening, a terrible fire screeched the whole city from its first sleep. The almost burned out town hall, which had not yet been completely restored from the previous Ao 1714 fire and whereupon over 4000 Thlr. what was used were a robbery of the flames. With the town hall, the entire Rath archive was lost. "
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During the Seven Years' War , Radeberg was occupied by Prussian troops, which initially made it impossible to rebuild the town hall. Mayor Heinrich Müller took the initiative in 1767 to build a new building. For this, 4,100 thalers were raised and the Dresden master builder Samuel Locke was commissioned to design the new town hall. The “simple building” was completed in 1769 to such an extent that the first meeting could be held in the new building on June 13th. There was also a council cellar in the new building. The roof was clad with tin-plated sheet metal in 1778 . The town hall received a new clock in 1787. The growing city required more and more space for the city administration, so that constant extensions and renovations were carried out on the town hall. A third floor was added to the building in 1822 and a “ classicist pilaster structure ” was added. In 1863 the mansard roof was expanded into a full floor. Adjacent sales stalls, for example the meat banks , had to give way to the expansion of the town hall. In 1864 a larger town hall was opened, which was also used by the tenant of the Ratskeller. The historic Ratskeller closed in 1901. In the course of the numerous renovations, many of the original elements of the facade had disappeared, which in 1904 was completely redesigned in the neo-baroque style. Until 1925, a branch of the Sparkasse was located in the town hall, after which it had to move to a new location in the Grünes Tanne town hall due to the ever increasing space requirements of the administration .
After the Second World War , Red Army units occupied the town hall. Soldiers put a red star on the top of the town hall tower . In 1947, the town of Radeberg got the town hall back. The star on the top of the tower remained for several years. In the GDR era, the preservation of the building structure of the town hall - as with all buildings on the market - was given little attention. In the late 1990s and early 2000s, the building was extensively renovated, and the facade was restored to the neo-baroque design of 1904.
Gastronomy at the market
In addition to the Ratskeller in the town hall, several dining facilities have existed on the market over the years. The exposed location of the square made it a preferred address for innkeepers. In order to open a restaurant on the market one needed a privilege from the sovereign. Since 1683 the Gasthof Zur Grünen Tanne existed on the market (market 1). For more than 100 years, the Grüne Tanne was the only restaurant on the market alongside the Ratskeller . The landlord Johann Michael Hamel acquired the property at Markt 4 in 1800 and applied for a restaurant license . Despite resistance from the innkeeper of the Grüner Tanne , he got permission and opened the Gasthof Zum Goldenen Anker . In 1874, the Gasthaus Stadt Dresden opened right next to the Grünes Tanne . In 1876 the Gasthaus Mißbach opened in house Markt 11 , which was later called Sachsenhof . The closure of the Ratskeller in 1901 had a positive effect on the economic situation of the other restaurants. In 1919 the local group Radeberg of the KPD was founded in Sachsenhof .
After the First World War , the city of Radeberg bought the Green Fir building . It was called the Green Fir town house and was used as an administration building. Only on the lower floor was there an inn called Stadtkeller . In 1936 it was renamed the Ratskeller . The "new" Ratskeller was the last restaurant on the Radeberger Markt. In 2000, the craftsman Jochen Knie furnished it with a large mural and a counter completely clad with wooden reliefs. The inn was closed on December 31, 2011, since then the people's solidarity has been using the building.
Buildings and monuments
Old Post Distance Column (1729-1852)
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The post distance column visible today is a faithful replica of the column erected in 1729, built in 2012.
As part of the Second Electoral Saxony Land Survey , Adam Friedrich Zürner received instructions from Elector August the Strong in 1713 to measure the entire Electorate of Saxony and to map the results in "Mappas Geographicas". As a result, from 1722, under Zürner's direction, post mile columns and distance columns were set up to precisely indicate the distance between the villages and as a basis for an exact calculation of postage fees . Zürner had previously also developed the system of distance information (in hours) and uniform marking points, which was mandatory in the Electorate of Saxony from 1722, using representative postal distance columns about 4.5 meters high (in the cities and places with crossings of important highways), 3.75 meters high, less representative ones Whole mile columns, each mile divided by a smaller half mile column and this in turn by even smaller quarter milestones. According to today's metric system, an Electoral Saxon mile (from 1722 to 1840) corresponded to 9.062 km. The distances on the columns were given in hours, one mile corresponded to 2 hours, half a mile corresponded to one hour = 4.531 km. The smallest distance indicated on the pillars was the eighth hour . The distance information given on the pillars in hours and their conversions into mean postal or police miles (or hach today's system in kilometers) were valid until 1840, when the introduction of the small / new post mile with exactly 7.5 km in Saxony was binding and the Hour was replaced as a distance specification.
The cities had to set up these distance columns at the city gates through which a post road ran. The cost of building the pillars was borne by the city treasury. Since there was a lack of money in Radeberg at that time, the city received the approval to only have to erect a distance column, which was to be built centrally on the market:
"On September 30, 1725, the most gracious promise that only one large city pillar should be placed on the market."
The original Radeberger Post Distance Column was placed on the market on October 28, 1729. Zürner specified the sandstone as a building material as well as the sizes and shapes, the color design, the appearance of the coat of arms and the design of the column inscriptions for all columns.
When the city burned down in 1741, the column remained intact. In 1791 it had to be moved a few meters towards the center of the square because it stood in the way of the expansion of the guard building at the market at the time. In 1840 repair and maintenance work was carried out. During the last renovation, a lantern was attached to the top of the pillar to better illuminate the market. In the 19th century, postal and trade routes had changed in many places, and new units of measurement had been introduced in many regions. This made the post mile pillars unnecessary, whereupon the Radeberg pillar was removed in the course of a market redesign in 1852 and the material was used for other purposes.
New post distance column (2012)
In 2008 the first plans were published to rebuild the Kursächsische Postdistanzsäule on the market. The concept envisaged a detailed historical replica. Nothing remained of the old material of the column, which made a complete redesign necessary. Received documents, files and invoices were consulted in order to reproduce the new column as closely as possible to the original. Cotta sandstone was used as building material . The exact appearance of the column, the coat of arms stone, the colors and the lettering were created exactly according to the specifications of the master builder of the historical distance column. The cost of building was around 45,000 euros. Of this, 15,000 euros were raised by citizens and companies from Radeberg and the surrounding area in the form of donor letters.
On March 16, 2012, exactly to the day of the 600th anniversary of the granting of town charter on March 16, 1412 by Friedrich I , Margrave of Meissen and Landgrave of Thuringia, the Radeberg Lord Mayor Gerhard Lemm unveiled the new post distance column and presented it to the public . Prime Minister Stanislaw Tillich was present as a representative of the Saxon government . After the unveiling, a ceremony with 200 invited guests took place in the Kaiserhof , which at the same time opened the festivities for the city's 600th anniversary.
The new distance column was added to the city's list of monuments after it was erected as an architectural monument under No. 09304219.
King Albert Monument (1900–1940)
In 1899 the city council decided together with the city council to erect a monument in honor of the Saxon King Albert . The local newspaper wrote on January 28, 1900:
"With the approval of the responsible authorities, a statue of Sr. Majesty the King is to be erected on the local market square, and it has been decided to organize a collection to raise funds for the dignified furnishing of the square with gas candelabra and the like."
Since the advertised collection did not bring in the necessary amount of money for the construction of the monument, the Radeberg industrialist Max Hirsch donated the remaining amount. Radeberg was the first town in Saxony to erect a monument to King Albert. The sculptor Heinrich Wedemeyer was commissioned to design the statue of the king for the Radeberger Markt. The bronze casting of the statue was made in the Dresden art and bell foundry C. Albert Bierling under the direction of Clemens Bierling, the son of the company founder. The stone masonry master Friedrich Wilhelm Rietschel from Radeberg created the stone multi-part base of the monument .
On April 22, 1900, the monument was ceremonially unveiled with a ceremony. Albert's brother, Crown Prince Georg , was present as a representative of the Saxon royal family .
During the First World War , many bronze monuments in the German Reich were melted down as metal donations for the armaments industry. However, the Radeberg monument could be saved from this. An application by opposition city councilors in 1921 to remove the monarchist statue from the market was also not granted. When monuments, bells, copper roofs and the like were confiscated and melted down all over the Reich during the Second World War , the Saxon government building councilor Nagel ordered the Radeberg statue to be donated on April 16, 1940. The sculpture produced around 400 kilograms of bronze.
Fountain (1954–1988)
In 1954, the National Building Organization of the GDR built a simple fountain in the middle of the market. The water basin was in the shape of a regular octagon with a small fountain in the middle. This well existed until 1974.
In 1975 a new, more representative fountain was built on behalf of the city administration. It was built on the site of the first well. The Radeberg sculptor and artist Herbert Viecenz (1932–2007) designed the fountain. The ground plan of the new structure was also octagonal. In the middle of the water basin stood a column with two artistically designed bowls over which the water from the fountain ran. In addition to this cascade, there were several gargoyles under the bowls . The eight side surfaces of the well were completely with reliefs of ceramic clad. The motifs showed everyday and work scenes of Radeberg in socialism . However, due to insufficient firing of the ceramic elements, they were not weatherproof, so that the fountain suffered severe damage over the years. In the course of a redesign of the market square, the fountain was dismantled in 1988 and not rebuilt.
Glass blower
The Dresden artist Matthias Jackisch was commissioned in 1990 to erect the sculpture The Glass Blower on the market square. The bronze figure is located in front of the citizens' office and forms a unit with a small, cuboid fountain basin. The stylized representation of a glassblower points to the Radeberg glass industry, which had a decisive influence on life in the city since the mid-19th and first half of the 20th century.
Usage and events
A weekly market is held twice a week on the market square . On the other days, if there is no event, it serves as a parking lot.
On Valentine's native artists create each year before the town hall ice sculptures . In late summer, running enthusiasts meet at the market for the start of the Hüttertal run . During the Advent season, the town's Christmas tree is set up in front of the town hall.
During the Radeberger Bierstadtfest , the main stage of the festival will be built on the square. Traditional program items such as the Radeberger Funkenflug , the finale of the Radeberger beer barrel rolling and the Radeberger pageant are carried out on and around the market as part of the city festival.
The Sachsen Classic classic car rally and other car-related events regularly stop at the market square.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ List of cultural monuments of the city of Radeberg, section Radeberg - Am Markt. (PDF; 113 kB) Accessed August 5, 2014 .
- ^ Hans-Werner Gebauer: On the early legal and constitutional history of the market in Radeberg. A position assessment. In: Large district town of Radeberg in cooperation with the urban history working group (ed.): Radeberger Blätter zur Stadtgeschichte. Volume 8, Radeberg, 2010.
- ↑ a b c d e Bertram Greve: The Radeberger Mitte - The market. In: Large district town of Radeberg in cooperation with the urban history working group (ed.): Radeberger Blätter zur Stadtgeschichte. Volume 8, Radeberg, 2010.
- ↑ Time table of the city of Radeberg. Retrieved November 14, 2013 .
- ^ Sights of the city of Radeberg. Retrieved November 14, 2013 .
- ↑ Thieme-Knobloch Chronicle. Manuscript, Museum Schloss Klippenstein, Radeberg.
- ^ A b Stefan Hertzig : The late Baroque town house in Dresden 1738–1790 . Society of Historical Neumarkt Dresden e. V., Dresden 2007, ISBN 3-9807739-4-9 , pp. 237 .
- ↑ Katja Altmann: The arduous reconstruction of the Radeberg town hall and its famous master builder. In: Large district town of Radeberg in cooperation with the urban history working group (ed.): Radeberger Blätter zur Stadtgeschichte. Volume 8, Radeberg 2010.
- ^ Otto Mörtzsch: Small Chronicle of Radeberg. Radeberg 1912.
- ^ Gerhard Schlegel: The Kursächsische Postdistanzsäule in Radeberg . In: Radeberger Blätter zur Stadtgeschichte, issue 02, 2004. Ed .: City of Radeberg in collaboration with the urban history work group.
- ↑ a b c d Gerhard Schlegel: Monument conservation concept for the re-establishment of the Radeberg post-distance column in Saxony. 2008.
- ↑ Saxon Main State Archives Dresden , Loc. 35654, Rep. XXXI, Lit. R. No. 36, Protocol of August 4, 1724.
- ↑ Jens Fritzsche: Radeberg is giving itself a landmark for its anniversary. In: Sächsische Zeitung , ed. 17./18. March 2012.
- ↑ Bernd Grünberger: Radeberg is celebrating 600 years of town charter and is giving itself a post mile column. In: Dresdner Latest News , edition March 19, 2012.
- ↑ 600 years of Radeberg town rights - the mail column inaugurated and the ceremony in the Imperial Court. In: "Die Radeberger", edition March 22, 2012.
- ^ Wilfried Lumpe: A monument to the king. In: Large district town of Radeberg in cooperation with the urban history working group (ed.): Radeberger Blätter zur Stadtgeschichte. Volume 8, Radeberg, 2010.
Coordinates: 51 ° 7 '5.5 " N , 13 ° 55' 22.2" E