Martin Lohse

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Martin Johannes Lohse (born August 26, 1956 in Mainz ) is a German medical doctor with a focus on pharmacology and toxicology and cardiovascular research. From April 2016 to May 2019 he was Chairman of the Board of Directors of the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association and from 2017 to 2018 also headed the Berlin Institute for Health Research (BIG). Since 2019 he has been President of the Society of German Natural Scientists and Doctors , GDNÄ.

Life

Martin Lohse was born as the son of the theologian and later Evangelical Lutheran Bishop Eduard Lohse . He studied human medicine and philosophy in Göttingen, London and Paris and graduated in 1981 with the medical state examination. Also in 1981 he received his doctorate in medicine with a focus on neurobiology at the Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry in Göttingen in the neurobiology department . In 1988 he completed his habilitation in pharmacology and toxicology at the University of Heidelberg , and in 1990 he was recognized as a specialist in pharmacology and toxicology by the North Baden District Medical Association.

From 1983 to 1988 Martin Lohse was a research assistant at the Pharmacological Institutes of the Universities of Bonn and Heidelberg, and from 1988 to 1989 Research Associate at the Howard Hughes Medical Institute of Duke University , USA. At Duke University, he became an Assistant Medical Research Professor in 1990. From 1990 to 1993 Martin Lohse was working group leader at the Laboratory for Molecular Biology at the University of Munich and at the Max Planck Institute for Biochemistry in Martinsried. Since 1993 he has been professor of pharmacology and toxicology at the University of Würzburg . The Rudolf Virchow Center (DFG Research Center for Experimental Biomedicine) founded there in 2001 is headed by him as the founding spokesman. He was one of the initiators of the Biomedicine course in 2001 and one of the founders of the graduate schools at the University of Würzburg, of which he has been the managing director since 2003. From 2001 until its dissolution in 2008, he was a member of the National Ethics Council .

Martin Lohse has been a member of various bodies of the German Research Foundation (DFG) since 1996 , such as the Senate and Main Committee (2001–2007) and the DFG Excellence Initiative Approval Committee and the Science Council . He heads a number of scientific advisory boards, in particular the scientific advisory boards of the Robert Bosch Stiftung and the biomedical research centers Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC) in Toulouse and the Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle (IGF) in Montpellier.

From October 1, 2009, Martin Lohse was Vice President for Research at the University of Würzburg. he was confirmed in this office in 2012. In 2015 he did not run again. On October 29, 2015, the Board of Trustees of the Humboldt University in Berlin unanimously nominated him as a candidate for the office of University President. On November 8, 2015 - the election was planned for November 17 - Lohse withdrew his candidacy because of the underfunding and the special administrative structure of the university.

In April 2016 he took over the position of chairman of the board of the Max Delbrück Center in Berlin. In addition, from 2017 to 2018 he headed the Berlin Institute for Health Research (BIG), of which he was previously a part-time board member. In May 2019, he resigned from the position of CEO of the MDC. Since 2019 he has succeeded the computer scientist Wolfgang Wahlster as President of the Society of German Natural Scientists and Doctors .

plant

Martin Lohse researches receptors for hormones and neurotransmitters, which are essential targets for drugs. His main interest is the G-protein-coupled receptors ( GPCR ), which include the receptors for adrenaline and noradrenaline . He discovered the beta arrestins , which are responsible for switching off receptors by attaching themselves to receptors when they are activated and phosphorylated by G-protein-coupled receptor kinases (GRK). He also discovered that G proteins are inhibited by a specific regulatory protein, phosducine.

He found that in chronic heart failure GRKs occur more frequently in the heart and switch off the beta-adrenoceptors ; this is probably a protective mechanism against excessive stimulation by adrenaline and noradrenaline. Evidence of the harmful effects of increased activity of beta-adrenoceptors in the heart is the basis for treatment with beta-blockers . His working group also found that some of the patients with chronic heart failure have antibodies against beta1-adrenoceptors that affect the prognosis of Patients deteriorate significantly. Their blockade by cyclic peptides, which are derived from the receptor, led to the establishment of Corimmun GmbH in Martinsried and is currently being clinically tested as a therapy for heart failure. Further work on chronic heart failure showed that specific activation of the ERK protein kinases ( extracellular signal regulated kinase ) occurs through phosphorylation of isoforms 1 and 2 on threonine-188.

Lohse is a pioneer in the optical analysis of cellular signal processes. His group developed fluorescent sensors for receptors, G-proteins and their effectors. These allow microscopic observation of where and when in a cell these signaling pathways are switched on. Such studies showed how quickly G-protein-coupled receptors can be activated; for most receptors this time is about 50 milliseconds. The subsequent steps of signal transmission can also be recorded in terms of time and space using these methods. This gives a picture of how and where the signals from a receptor act in a cell. More recent work detects individual receptors on the cell surface and shows how they move and form pairs with one another and how they pass on their signals to the downstream G proteins.

Lohse is one of the founders of the biotech companies ProCorde, Corimmun and advanceCOR. Numerous well-known pharmacologists emerged from his working group, including the professors Lutz Hein (University of Freiburg), Ursula Quitterer (ETH Zurich), Moritz Bünemann (University of Marburg), Stefan Engelhardt (TU Munich), Stefan Schulz (University of Jena), Jean- Pierre Vilardaga (Harvard University and University of Pittsburgh), Viacheslav Nikolaev (University of Hamburg), Kristina Lorenz (ISAS Dortmund and University of Essen; since 2019 University of Würzburg), Carsten Hoffmann (University of Jena) and Davide Calebiro (University of Birmingham).

Martin Lohse is a member of several science academies. On October 2, 2009, he was elected Vice President of the Leopoldina as the successor to Nobel Prize winner Harald zur Hausen . In this role he was responsible for various statements; In spring 2019, the ad hoc statement on clean air was created under his leadership . Nitrogen Oxides and Fine Dust in Breathing Air: Basics and Recommendations . He contributed to the statement on the 2030 climate targets and contributed to the public debate on climate policy.

As President of the GDNÄ, at the beginning of April 2020, together with Clemens Fuest from the Ifo Institute , he coordinated a position paper by 14 experts on the strategy for the corona crisis: Making the fight against the coronavirus pandemic sustainable . This statement recommends careful preparation (protective equipment, tests, expansion of capacities in intensive care medicine) and then a gradual opening of social life, because the discussion of the Sars-CoV-2 will take a long time until sufficient immunity is achieved in the population . This position paper, with which a connection is sought between health protection and the careful resumption of social life, was widely discussed in public.

honors and awards

Memberships

Selected publications

  • with M. Philipp, ME Brede, K. Hadamek, M. Gessler and L. Hein: Placental alpha2-adrenoceptors control vascular development at the interface between mother and embryo. In: Nature Genetics . 31, 2002, pp. 311-315.
  • with E. Schmid, S. Neef, C. Berlin, A. Tomasovic, K. Kahlert, P. Nordbeck, K. Deiss, S. Denzinger, S. Herrmann, E. Wettwer, M. Weidendorfer, D. Becker, F Schäfer, N. Wagner, S. Ergün, JP Schmitt, HA Katus, F. Weidemann, U. Ravens, C. Maack, L. Hein, G. Ertl, OJ Müller, LS Maier and K. Lorenz: Cardiac RKIP induces a beneficial β-adrenoceptor-dependent positive inotropy. In: Nature Medicine . 21, 2015, pp. 1298-1306.
  • with S. Nuber, U. Zabel, K. Lorenz, A. Nuber, G. Milligan, AB Tobin and C. Hoffmann: β-Arrestin biosensors reveal a rapid, receptor-dependent activation / deactivation cycle. In: Nature . 531, 2016, pp. 661-664.
  • with C. Hoffmann: Arrestin interactions with G protein-coupled receptors. In: Handb. Exp. Pharmacol. 219, 2014, pp. 15-56.
  • Ophthalmic agents. In: U. Schwabe, D. Paffrath (Ed.): Drug Ordinance Report 2018. Springer Verlag, Heidelberg 2018.
  • with Bruno Müller-Oerlinghausen : Hypnotics and Sedatives. In: U. Schwabe, D. Paffrath (Ed.): Drug Ordinance Report 2018 . Springer Verlag, Heidelberg 2018.
  • with Bruno Müller-Oerlinghausen: Psychotropic drugs. In: U. Schwabe, D. Paffrath (Ed.): Drug Ordinance Report 2018 . Springer Heidelberg 2018.

literature

  • Heike Schmoll : Objective . In: Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung, No. 85 (April 10, 2019), page 8.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Two new vice presidents for the University of Würzburg. ( Memento of the original from February 10, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Website of the University of Würzburg, June 15, 2015, accessed on February 10, 2016. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.uni-wuerzburg.de
  2. ↑ Anja Kühne, Tilmann Warnecke: Martin Lohse is to become the new HU president. In: Der Tagesspiegel . October 29, 2015, accessed November 11, 2015.
  3. ↑ Martin Lohse cancels the presidency. In: Berliner Zeitung . As of November 10, 2015.
  4. ↑ Martin Lohse becomes head of the Max Delbrück Center. In: Health City Berlin. As of March 4, 2016.
  5. ↑ [1]
  6. ↑ Press release from May 15, 2019
  7. ↑ MJ Lohse, Benovic JL, J. Codina, MG Caron, RJ Lefkowitz : β-arrestin: a protein did Regulates β-adrenergic receptor function. In: Science . 248, 1990, pp. 1547-1550.
  8. ↑ PH Bauer, S. Müller, M. Puzicha, S. Pippig, B. Obermaier, EJM Helmreich , MJ Lohse: Phosducin is a protein kinase A-regulated G-protein regulator. In: Nature . 358, 1992, pp. 73-76.
  9. ↑ M. Ungerer, M. Böhm, JS Elce, E. Erdmann, MJ Lohse: Altered expression of β-adrenergic receptor kinase and β1-adrenergic receptors in the failing human heart. In: Circulation. 87, 1993, pp. 454-463.
  10. ↑ S. Engelhardt, L. Hein, F. Wiesmann, MJ Lohse: Progressive hypertrophy and heart failure in β1-adrenergic receptor transgenic mice. In: Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA . 96, 1999, pp. 7059-7064.
  11. ^ R. Jahns, V. Boivin, C. Siegmund, G. Inselmann, MJ Lohse, F. Boege: Autoantibodies activating human β1-adrenergic receptors are associated with reduced cardiac function in chronic heart failure. In: Circulation. 99, 1999, pp. 649-654.
  12. ↑ K. Lorenz, JP Schmitt, EM Schmitteckert, MJ Lohse: A new type of ERK1 / 2-autophosphorylation causes cardiac hypertrophy. In: Nature Medicine . 15, 2009, pp. 75-83.
  13. ↑ JP Vilardaga, M. Bünemann, C. Krasel, M. Castro, MJ Lohse: Measurement of the millisecond activation switch of G-protein-coupled receptors in living cells. In: Nature Biotechnology . 2, 2003, pp. 171-176.
  14. ↑ C. Hoffmann, G. Gaietta, M. Bünemann, S. Adams, S. Oberdorff-Maass, B. Behr, JP Vilardaga, RY Tsien , MH Ellisman, MJ Lohse: A FlAsH-based FRET approach to deterministic mine G-protein coupled receptor activation in living cells. In: Nature Methods . 21, 2005, pp. 807-812.
  15. ↑ a b M. J. Lohse, S. Nuber, C. Hofmann: Fluorescence / bioluminescence resonance energy transfer techniques to study G-protein-coupled receptor activation and signaling. In: Pharm Rev. 64, 2012, pp. 299-336.
  16. ↑ V. Hlavackova, U. Zabel, D. Frankova, J. Bätz, C. Hoffmann, L. Prezeau, JP Pin, J. Blahos, MJ Lohse: Sequential inter- and intrasubunit rearrangements during activation of dimeric metabotropic glutamate receptor 1. In: Science Signal. 5, 2012, p. Ra59.
  17. ↑ D. Calebiro, F. Rieken, J. Wagner, T. Sungkaworn, U. Zabel, A. Borzi, E. Cocucci, A. Zürn, MJ Lohse: Single-molecule analysis of fluorescently labeled GPCRs reveals receptor-specific complexes with distinct dynamics and organization. In: Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA . 110, 2013, pp. 743-748.
  18. ↑ T. Sungkaworn, ML Jobin, K. Burnecki, A. Weron, MJ Lohse, D. Calebiro: Single-molecule imaging reveals receptor-G protein interactions at cell surface hot spots. In: Nature . 550, 2017, pp. 543-547.
  19. ↑ [2] Clean air. Nitrogen Oxides and Fine Dust in Breathing Air: Basics and Recommendations
  20. ↑ [3] Climate targets for 2030
  21. ↑ [4] The Saturday letter: Thanks for the Klartext climate, Herr-Lohse
  22. ↑ [5] The Saturday Letter: Climate Debate - Why Scientists Commit
  23. ↑ [6] Making the fight against the coronavirus pandemic sustainable
  24. ↑ [7] ZEIT ONLINE: Researchers present plan to exit corona measures
  25. ↑ [8] WORLD: Researchers recommend this sequence when dismantling the corona measures
  26. ↑ http://nsft.net/files/Martin-Lohse---Poulsson-memory-medal-award-winner-2016.pdf
  27. ↑ Member entry by Prof. Dr. Martin Lohse (with picture) at the Bavarian Academy of Sciences , accessed on February 18, 2016.
  28. ↑ Member entry by Prof. Dr. Martin J. Lohse (with picture and CV) at the German Academy of Natural Scientists Leopoldina , accessed on February 18, 2016.
personal data
SURNAME Lohse, Martin
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Lohse, Martin Johannes
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German human medicine
DATE OF BIRTH August 26, 1956
PLACE OF BIRTH Mainz