Máxima of the Netherlands

Queen Máxima (2015)

Queen Máxima , Princess of the Netherlands , Princess of Orange-Nassau , mevrouw van Amsberg , b. Máxima Zorreguieta Cerruti , (born  May 17, 1971 in Buenos Aires , Argentina ) is the wife of King Willem-Alexander of the Netherlands since her husband took office on April 30, 2013. Her official title is Queen Máxima, Princess of the Netherlands, Princess of Orange-Nassau with the salutation Majesty .

Life

Origin, childhood and youth

Queen Máxima was born as Máxima Zorreguieta Cerruti and is the daughter of Jorge Zorreguieta and María del Carmen Cerruti. She grew up in the Barrio Norte , an affluent district of the Argentine capital, Buenos Aires. She has two brothers, Martín and Juan Zorreguieta, a sister named Inés Zorreguieta († 2018) and three older half-sisters named María, Angeles and Dolores Zorreguieta. Máxima has Basque , Castilian , Catalan and Italian roots. It was named after her great-grandmother Máxima Zorreguieta, born Bonorino González (1874-1965), whose mother Máxima Bonorino nee González y de Islas belonged to the family of the Argentine President Justo José de Urquiza († 1870). Her ancestor, José Antonio de Sorreguieta y Oyarzabal, Gamboa y Sagastume, was born in Tolosa in northern Spain in 1777 as the son of Juan Antonio de Sorreguieta y Gamboa and came to Salta in Argentina in 1790 , where he became a successful businessman. His grandson was the illegitimate Mariano Zorreguieta Maurin (1830-1893), Senate President of the Argentine province of Salta , Máxima's great-great-grandfather. King Alfons III is one of her other ancestors . from Portugal from the House of Burgundy and the Inca princess Catalina Paucar Ocllo, palla del Cuzco , a descendant of Túpac Huallpa .

Máxima attended the bilingual (Spanish / English) Northlands School in Buenos Aires and graduated from high school in 1988. She then studied economics at the Catholic University of Buenos Aires . During her studies she taught English and mathematics to adults and children and worked in various companies. After graduating in 1995, she worked for various banks in New York from 1996 to 2000 , including Deutsche Bank from 1999 to 2000 . She then transferred from New York to Brussels , where she worked until 2001.

marriage and family

Dutch royal family

SM King Willem-Alexander IM Queen Máxima HRH Crown Princess Catharina-Amalia HRH Princess Alexia HRH Princess Ariane HRH Princess Beatrix HRH Prince Constantijn HRH Princess Laurentien HRH Princess Margriet Pieter van Vollenhoven

Queen Máxima as wife of the heir to the throne (2010)

According to media reports, Máxima and the later King Willem-Alexander met in 1999 at an event in Seville . When this became known in the Netherlands, a heated discussion quickly developed about Máxima's father Jorge Zorreguieta . As a minister, he was a member of General Jorge Rafael Videla's military government , which is said to have been responsible for the disappearance of 30,000 opponents of the regime. The Dutch Prime Minister Wim Kok then, with the consent of the then Queen Beatrix, sent a historian to Argentina to prepare an opinion. The result: Zorreguieta, as Minister of Agriculture, was not involved in human rights violations himself, but must have known about it. However, Willem-Alexander left no doubt that he could no longer be dissuaded from his choice. If necessary, he wanted to marry without the approval of the Dutch parliament , even if he would have gambled away the succession. Prime Minister Kok therefore worked hard to find a workable compromise. Finally, he was able to get Máxima's father to condemn the reign of terror of the military junta. In addition, Zorreguieta announced that he would be staying away from his daughter's wedding out of consideration for the feelings of the Dutch people. Under these circumstances, the approval of parliament was certain, so that on March 30th the engagement of Willem-Alexander and Máxima could be announced. On May 17, 2001, Máxima received Dutch citizenship in addition to her Argentine citizenship . In April 2001 she had already finished her career to devote herself to her new responsibilities in the royal family.

On February 2, 2002, Máxima and Willem-Alexander signed the marriage bond in the Nieuwe Kerk (German: New Church ) in Amsterdam . The civil wedding was previously carried out in the Beurs van Berlage by Amsterdam Mayor Job Cohen . By marriage, Máxima became a member of the Dutch royal family . She remained Catholic, although the Dutch royal family is Protestant and family members by marriage usually convert to the Protestant faith. However, she agreed that her children could be baptized Protestants.

The couple have three daughters together:

• Catharina- Amalia Beatrix Carmen Victoria was born on December 7, 2003 in The Hague . On June 12, 2004, Amalia wasbaptized by Carel ter Lindenin the Grote Kerk in The Hague. Her godparents are her uncle Prince Constantijn of Orange-Nassau , Princess Victoria of Sweden , Marc ter Haar, Herman Tjeenk Willink, Samantha van Welderen Baroness Rengers-Deane and her uncle Martín Zorreguieta (brother of Queen Máxima). She is number 1 in the line of succession to the Dutch throne .

Máxima during one of her pregnancies as the wife of the heir to the throne

• Alexia Juliana Marcela Laurentien was born on June 26, 2005 in The Hague. On November 19, 2005, Alexia wasbaptizedbyPastorDeodaat van der Boonin the village church ofWassenaar. Her godparents are QueenMathilde of Belgium, Alexandra Jankovich de Jeszenice, her uncle PrinceJohan Friso, her uncle Juan Zorreguieta (brother of Queen Máxima) and Frans de Beaufort. She is second in line to the Dutch throne.
• Ariane Wilhelmina Máxima Ines was born on April 10, 2007 in The Hague. On October 20, 2007, Ariane wasbaptized by Pastor Deodaat van der Boonin the Kloosterkerk in The Hague. Her godparents are Valeria Delger, her aunt Inés Zorreguieta (sister of Queen Máxima), Hereditary Grand Duke Guillaume of Luxembourg , Tijo Baron Collot d'Escury and Anton Friling. She is number 3 in the line of succession to the Dutch throne.

The couple initially lived in Noordeinde 66 in The Hague. In spring 2003 they moved into Villa Eikenhorst on the De Horsten estate in Wassenaar and Voorschoten . The family has lived in Huis ten Bosch Castle in The Hague since January 2019 .

Máxima is now three times godmother. Her godchildren are: Prince Sverre Magnus of Norway , Countess Leonore of Oranien-Nassau (her niece) and Countess Sophie of Waldburg-Zeil-Hohenems .

Public duties

In 2002, King Willem-Alexander and Queen Máxima took over the patronage of the Oranje Fund, which was set up as a gift from the Dutch people on the occasion of their wedding. The fund supports projects that promote the common good and social cohesion in Dutch society.

Máxima of the Netherlands has been a member of the State Council , an independent advisory body to the government and parliament in the fields of legislation and administration , since 2004 . She can attend meetings of the advisory department, but she has no voting rights.

Máxima is also a member of the Dutch Committee for Entrepreneurship , which was set up in 2011 on the initiative of the Ministry of Economy . The committee is committed to expanding funding opportunities for small businesses and promoting entrepreneurship in the Netherlands.

Máxima is also committed to broader access to financial services , better consumer protection and better financial education in the Netherlands and internationally . In 2009, Máxima was appointed Special Representative of the UN Secretary-General for Financial Inclusion and Development (UNSGSA). In this role, she advises the Secretary-General of the United Nations and works worldwide to make financial services accessible to all, including low-income earners and small and medium-sized enterprises.

title

As a courtesy, Máxima bears the title Queen as an honorary title in front of her first name, as the wife of the head of state, the king, but not as Queen of the Netherlands , as she is not a head of state herself. According to the Constitution of the Netherlands and a law on membership of the royal family and associated titles, which Queen Beatrix issued on May 20, 2002, she is Princess of the Netherlands .

National emblem

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  Standard of Queen Máxima

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  Máxima 's paternal family coat of arms , which as a heart shield is part of her coat of arms and that of her children

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  Queen Máxima's coat of arms. As a married woman, she uses it as an oval shield.

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  Queen Máxima monogram

Standard

The standard of Queen Máxima, Princess of the Netherlands, shows a wet blue double stand , covered by an orange cross, which is covered in the middle with the royal crowned imperial coat of arms . In the upper liek there is the golden hunting horn from the coat of arms of the Principality of Orange (Oranje), in the lower liek the golden castle from the family coat of arms of Zorreguieta.

coat of arms

Queen Máxima's personal coat of arms shows the same shield content as that of her three daughters, the Crown Princess Amalia van Oranje (* 2003) and her two younger sisters, Princess Alexia (* 2005) and Princess Ariane (* 2007). As a married woman, Queen Máxima has the coat of arms in an oval shield. It was established by royal resolution on January 25, 2002 and shows the lion of the royal Dutch national coat of arms in the first and fourth quarters and the hunting horn of the historic principality of Orange , from which the prince title van Oranje is derived, in the second and third quarters . The golden heart shield is the emblem of the Zorreguieta family, the Queen Máxima paternal comes from: on corrugated blue sign foot a red castle with battlements and three towers between two uprooted green cypress trees whose trunks ever by a inturned current black wolf are covered.

monogram

The monogram of Queen Máxima shows an orange sans serif Latin "M" under a golden Dutch royal crown .

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Besluit van 25 januari 2002 tot vaststelling van de titels en het predikaat van Máxima Zorreguieta en van de titels, names en het predikaat van de children who might have been born uit het huwelijk van Zijne Koninklijke Hoogheid Prins Willem-Alexander Claus George Ferdinand, Prins van Oranje, Prins der Nederlanden, Prins van Oranje-Nassau, Jonkheer van Amsberg met Hare Koninklijke Hoogheid Prinses Máxima der Nederlanden, Prinses van Oranje-Nassau, mevrouw van Amsberg (accessed February 29, 2020)
2. ↑ Will Princess Máxima be Queen? ( Memento of the original from May 3, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. www.koninklijkhuis.nl 
3. ↑ Jeugd - Koningin Máxima. In: Koninklijkhuis.nl. Retrieved June 2, 2020 (Dutch). 
4. ↑ Interview with the first wife of Máxima's father. Retrieved June 3, 2020 . 
5. ^ Ancestry of Maxima Zorreguieta
6. ^ Ancestry of Maxima Zorreguieta
7. ↑ Hernán Carlos Lux-Wurm, Instituto Argentino de Ciencias Genealógicas: Ascendencia de Da. Máxima Zorreguieta ( Memento of the original of May 3, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (accessed on May 7, 2013) 
8. ↑ La Nacion on April 11, 2004: Interview with Jorge Zorreguieta : "I've also discovered that, through a family line, I descended from an Inca princess." (accessed on May 9, 2013)
9. ↑ The Heirs of Europe: Netherlands (accessed May 10, 2013)
10. ↑ Princess Wirbelwind , bild.de, July 28, 2007.
11. ↑ Princess Maxima - the wild years ( memento of the original from September 7, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , hetzelmedia.de, March 29, 2009. 
12. ↑ No way good ... , stern.de, April 8, 2009.
13. ↑ Christoph Driessen: History of the Netherlands. From sea power to trend land. Regensburg 2009, p. 256.
14. ↑ Christoph Driessen: History of the Netherlands. From sea power to trend land. Regensburg 2009, p. 257.
15. ↑ Verlovingstijd en toestemmingswet - Huwelijk Koning Willem-Alexander en Máxima Queen. In: Koninklijkhuis.nl. Retrieved June 2, 2020 (Dutch). 
16. ↑ Huwelijksdag - Huwelijk Koning Willem-Alexander en Máxima Queen. In: Koninklijkhuis.nl. Retrieved June 2, 2020 (Dutch). 
17. ↑ Huwelijk en gezin - Koningin Máxima. In: Koninklijkhuis.nl. Retrieved June 2, 2020 (Dutch). 
18. ↑ Werkzaamheden en functies na 2002 - Koningin Máxima. In: Koninklijkhuis.nl. Retrieved June 2, 2020 (Dutch). 
19. ↑ Inclusieve financiering voor ontwikkeling - Queen Máxima. In: Koninklijkhuis.nl. Retrieved June 2, 2020 (Dutch). 
20. ↑ Het Koninklijk Huis ( Memento of the original from May 3, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (Frequently Asked Questions; accessed May 2, 2013) 
21. ↑ Die Welt on April 30, 2013, "The King's Song is a shame for our country" (In an interview, the Dutch aristocratic expert Reinildis van Ditzhuysen explains; accessed on May 2, 2013)
22. ↑ Law on membership of the royal house and the associated titles of May 20, 2002, Article 8, 2 .: "De titel" Prins (Prinses) der Nederlanden "can be transferred to the next leden van het koninklijk huis : a. de Echtgenoot of Echtgenote van de Koning ”. The title "Prince (Princess) of the Netherlands" can only be granted by royal resolution to the following members of the royal house: a. the husband or the king's wife (note: the Constitution does as head of state only one king, the office of a female person is perceived, it is called Queen (Queen), but according to the Constitution it is a royal female, hence the The spouse of the queen (or the king), for the sake of courtesy, never a king (otherwise there would be two kings at the same time), but only the prince consort and also only the prince of the Netherlands ). → Law of May 30, 2002 (accessed on May 2, 2013)
23. ↑ Het Koninklijk Huis: Onderscheidingsvlaggen ( Memento of the original dated August 24, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (accessed on May 7, 2013) 
24. ↑ Heráldica en la Argentina on April 30, 2013: Escudo de la Reina Maxima de los Países Bajos (accessed on May 7, 2013)
25. ↑ Het Koninklijk Huis: Wapens van leden van het Koninklijk Huis ( Memento of the original from January 23, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (accessed on May 6, 2013) 
26. ↑ Besluit van 25 januari 2002, houdende verlening van wapen en onderscheidingsvlag aan Hare Koninklijke Hoogheid Prinses Máxima (accessed on 8 May 2013)
27. ↑ Het wapen voor de Dochter van prins Willem-Alexander en prinses Máxima is bij Koninklijk Besluit vastgesteld ( Memento of the original of March 3, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (accessed on May 6, 2013) 
28. ↑ Leibbrandt Archive: Het wapen dat is ontworpen voor de kinderen van prins Willem-Alexander en prinses Maximá (Tekening Piet Bultsma, medewerker van de Hoge Raad van Adel) (accessed on May 6, 2013)

Web links

Commons : Máxima of the Netherlands  - collection of images

• Queen Máxima on the website of the Dutch Royal Family (Dutch and English)

predecessor	Office	successor
Claus von Amsberg	Princess of the Netherlands since 2013	-