Miass (river)

Miass Миа́сс, Мейәс, Mejəs
Course of the Miass (Миа́сс) in the western catchment area of ​​the Tobol
Data
Water code	RU :  14010500812111200003411
location	Bashkortostan , Chelyabinsk Oblast , Oblast Kurgan ( Russia )
River system	If
Drain over	Isset  → Tobol  → Irtysh  → Ob  → Arctic Ocean
source	Urals southwest of Miass 54 ° 46 ′ 20 ″  N , 59 ° 37 ′ 26 ″  E
Source height	approx.  600  m
muzzle	Isset below Shadrinsk Coordinates: 56 ° 5 ′ 39 ″  N , 64 ° 30 ′ 0 ″  E 56 ° 5 ′ 39 ″  N , 64 ° 30 ′ 0 ″  E
Mouth height	66  m
Height difference	approx. 534 m
Bottom slope	approx. 0.81 ‰
length	658 km
Catchment area	21,800 km²
Discharge at Kargapolje A Eo gauge : 21,400 km² Location: 24 km above the mouth	MNQ 1936/1989 MQ 1936/1989 Mq 1936/1989 MHQ 1936/1989	7.4 m³ / s 17 m³ / s 0.8 l / (s km²) 67.4 m³ / s
Left tributaries	Atljan, Kushtumga, Bolshoi Kialim, Sjuselga
Right tributaries	Bishkul, Chumlyak, Kamenka
Reservoirs flowed through	Argasi, Scherschni
Big cities	Miass , Chelyabinsk
Small towns	Karabash , Kargapolje
Communities	Poletaevo , Miasskoye
Navigable	not navigable
On the bank of the Scherschni reservoir on the Miass near Chelyabinsk

The Miass ( Russian Миа́сс ; from Bashkir Мейәс , Mejəs ) is a 658 km long right tributary of the Isset in the Urals and western Siberia .

course

The Miass rises at a height of about 600  m on the eastern flank of the Southern Urals , on the up to 752  m high Nurali ridge in the Uraltau called part of the mountain range, almost 50 km southwest of the city ​​of Miass, which is named after it . The source is in the far east of the Republic of Bashkortostan . The Miass flows through several small lakes in the upper reaches and after a few kilometers reaches the Chelyabinsk Oblast . There it initially flows in a north-northeast direction through the town of Miass in a valley that separates the upstream ridge known as the Ilmen Mountains from the Ural watershed ridge . A few kilometers east of the Karabash mining center , the river is dammed up when it exits the plain to the east of the Urals to the Argasi reservoir (Argasinskoje reservoir) . The lake with an area of ​​113 km² was created between 1939 and 1946 in place of a smaller, natural lake and is now the largest body of water in Chelyabinsk Oblast.

There he turns to the south-east, reaches the metropolis of Chelyabinsk , on the western edge of which he is dammed up to the Scherschni reservoir (Scherschnjowskoje reservoir) (area 39 km², built 1961–1969). After several wide arcs, the Miass flows directly to the east, meandering strongly over the entire section through the southwestern part of the West Siberian lowlands , reaching the territory of Kurgan Oblast , gradually turning to the northeast and finally flowing into the village of Ust-Miasskoye , about 50 kilometers east of the town of Shadrinsk in Tobol creek Isset. Near the mouth it is a good 20 meters wide and three meters deep; its flow velocity there is 0.2 m / s.

The Miass has no major tributaries. The most important are Atljan, Kushtumga, Bolshoi Kialim (Great Kialim) and Sjuselga from the left and Bishkul, Tschumljak and Kamenka from the right.

In addition to the cities mentioned, there are a number of larger villages and urban-type settlements on the river , including the Poletajewo railway junction near Chelyabinsk and the district administrative centers of Miasskoye and Kargapolje .

Hydrology

The catchment area of the Miass covers 21,800 km². The river freezes from late October / November to April. The flow rate, which is relatively balanced over the entire course and in the area of ​​the central reaches, partly decreasing in the direction of flow, can be explained by the water level regulation by the reservoirs and the extensive extraction of usable water in the Chelyabinsk area.

Since the river flows through centers of mining as well as the heavy and chemical industry on several sections, its water is partly heavily polluted . In the Chelyabinsk area, exposure to nitrogen and phosphorus compounds , iron and petroleum products sometimes exceeds the permissible limit values ​​by up to thirty times, and in the case of manganese by more than fifty times.

level	River km	Mean flow rate (m³ / s)
		Annual mean	Minimum (January / February)	Maximum (April)
Kargapolje	24	17.0	7.4	67.4
Karachelskoye	156	14.7	7.0	46.7
Novoye Pole	330	9.4	6.4	18.7
Sosnovka	371	12.5	6.0	29.2
Kostyli	407	11.4	7.8	17.2
Novoandreyevka	546	6.8	1.4	20.1

Use and infrastructure

The Miass is not navigable. It is used extensively for the industrial water supply of the industrial areas around Chelyabinsk, Miass and Karabash. Despite the sometimes heavy water pollution, the reservoirs in the river are used for recreational purposes.

In Miass, the river is crossed by the Samara  - Ufa  - Chelyabinsk railway and the M5 Moscow  - Chelyabinsk highway . Its continuations in an easterly direction, the railway line to Omsk , part of the southern route of the Trans-Siberian Railway , as well as the M51 trunk road towards Novosibirsk, follow the course of the river from Chelyabinsk for more than 150 kilometers at a distance of ten to twenty kilometers via Shchuchye to behind Shumicha , where the river meets turns north.

At Chelyabinsk, the river is crossed by the north-south railway connections from Yekaterinburg via Polewskoi or via Kamensk-Uralsky to Chelyabinsk and the M36 highway from Yekaterinburg to the Kazakh border. The lower reaches of the river are crossed by the railway line and the regional road R354 from Yekaterinburg to Kurgan .

and display information about the image

The regulated Miass in Chelyabinsk

Web links

Commons : Miass  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

1. ↑ ^{a b c} Article Miass in the Great Soviet Encyclopedia (BSE) , 3rd edition 1969–1978 (Russian)http: //vorlage_gse.test/1%3D076222~2a%3DMiass~2b%3DMiass
2. ↑ ^{a b} Miass in the State Water Directory of the Russian Federation (Russian)
3. ↑ ^{a b} Miass at the Kargapolje gauge - hydrographic data from R-ArcticNET
4. ↑ Scherschnjowskoje reservoir in the online encyclopedia Chelyabinsk (Russian)
5. ↑ Investigation of the pollution of the Miass 2001–2005 , current measured values on the website Chelyabinsk Center for Hydrometeorology and Environmental Monitoring (Russian)
6. ↑ Miass at the Karachelskoje gauge - hydrographic data from R-ArcticNET
7. ↑ Miass at the Nowoje Pole gauge - hydrographic data from R-ArcticNET
8. ↑ Miass at the Sosnowka gauge - hydrographic data from R-ArcticNET
9. ↑ Miass at the Kostyli gauge - hydrographic data at R-ArcticNET
10. ↑ Miass at the Novoandrejewka gauge - hydrographic data from R-ArcticNET