Oles Honchar National University of Dnipro

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Oles Honchar National University of Dnipro
logo
motto Docendo discimus
(Ukrainian Навчаючи навчаюсь )
founding July 9, 1918
Sponsorship state
place Dnipro , Ukraine
Rector Mykola Wiktorowytsch Polyakow (Ukrainian Микола Вікторович Поляков )
Students 15,000-20,000
Employee 1300
including professors 193 Doctors of Science
748 Candidates of Science
Website www.dnu.dp.ua

The National Oles-Hont bevy University Dnipro ( Ukrainian Дніпровський національний університет імені Олеся Гончара Dniprowskij nazionalnij uniwersytet imeni Olesja Hont Chara ) is a 1918 university founded in the Ukrainian city Dnipro with from 15,000 to 20,000. Students.

history

The first plans for a university date from when the city was founded. As early as the 18th century, Grigory Potjomkin planned to build a university in Yekaterinoslav (the city "In honor of Catherine"). On September 4, 1784, Catherine the Great finally signed an ukase in which the establishment of a university was ordered. This ukase would have made Yekaterinoslav the third city with a university in the Russian Empire after Moscow and Saint Petersburg .

Several thousand people took part in the construction, and 300,000 rubles were budgeted for the construction . With the beginning of the Russo-Austrian Turkish War of 1787–1792 , the project for a university in the city was greatly slowed down.

After the death of Empress Catherine the Great and Prince Grigory Potjomkin, Paul I issued an ukase on December 12, 1796, which stopped the establishment of a university in Yekaterinoslav.

Only with the economic growth of the city in the second half of the 19th century and on the initiative of Alexander Pol , the first honorary citizen of Yekaterinoslav, entrepreneur, writer and archaeologist, did the demand for a university reappear.

In 1899, the Mining College / School (now the National Mining University of Ukraine ) was opened. This is considered to be the turning point of the educational location Dnipro, as it brought many well-known scientists to the city. After the impressions in the course of the South Russian industrial exhibition ( Russian Южнорусская промышленная выставка ) in 1910, the mining school was converted into an institute in 1912.

In 1913 preparations were made for the establishment of “higher women's courses”; in 1916 these began operating at university level.

At the beginning of August 1915, after Warsaw was captured by German troops in the course of the First World War , the University of Warsaw and the Technical University of Warsaw had to move / evacuate. The city council of Yekaterinoslav proposed to move the university or the technical university to Yekaterinoslav. However, the university moved to Rostov-on-Don , while the TU was relocated to Nizhny Novgorod .

After the devastating defeat of the Russian Empire , large parts of the Baltic region were taken by German troops. In this context, the city council wrote an invitation to the University of Tartu in December 1915 to evacuate it to Yekaterinoslav. A delegation from the University of Tartu arrived on February 18, 1916. However, this idea was rejected a day later by the national minister of the formation of the Russian Empire, Pavel Nikolayevich Ignatiev; Instead, he advised trying to set up a polytechnic .

After the end of the tsarist rule in the course of the October Revolution of 1917, two options for founding a university in the city were considered. First, the evacuation of the University of Tartu and, second, the establishment of a university of its own based on the higher courses for women. The second proposal received more approval and so on November 17, 1917, the city council decided to found the Karavaew People's University in the Potemkin Palace (today's student palace of the university) as the most suitable building for a university. After the Bolsheviks took Yekaterinoslav , the municipal committee for popular education offered the city council to include the higher women's courses in its area of ​​responsibility, but on the condition that they be converted into a gender-neutral university with four faculties.

After the city was taken by German and Austrian troops and the Ukrainian state puppet state was proclaimed under the hetman Pawlo Skoropadskyj from April 29, 1918 to December 14, 1918, plans for a university were able to be advanced. On May 20, 1918, Ivan Mikhailovich Truba wrote on behalf of the Zemstvo of the Yekaterinoslav Governorate to the National Ministry of Education with a request to open a university in Yekaterinoslav. This concern went on July 4, 1918 to a commission headed by Vladimir Wernadski . Vladimir Wernadski noted in his diary:

"Украинцы пытаются доказать, что Екатеринослав не нуждаются в высшей школе, боятся создания ненационального крупного умственного центра"

"Ukrainians are trying to prove that Yekaterinoslav does not need a higher school, they are afraid of establishing a non-national significant educational center"

- Vladimir Vernadsky :

This comment refers to the concrete plans to set up a Russian private university. The head of the sub-commission for Ekaterinoslav, DI Tagalej (Д.И. Тагалей). The sub-commission decided at a meeting on July 9, 1918:

«Считать Екатеринославский университет частным высшим учебным заведением"

"To recognize the University of Yekaternoslaw as a private higher educational institution"

- Sub-commission on Yekaterinoslav headed by DI Tagalej

However, there was still a demand for a Ukrainian university to be established. The Ministry of Education wrote to the Ukrainian side:

«Катеринославський Російський Університет є цілком приватна інституція, яка не одеркує допомоги зіворн. Заснування нових Українських Університетів при скрутному становищі державної скарбниці та без щирої допомоги з боку самого громадянства є цілком неможливо ... »

“The Russian University [Je] Katerinoslav is a completely private institution that does not receive any support from the state treasury. The founding of new Ukrainian universities in the midst of a tight budget and without any help from the population is completely impossible ... "

- The National Ministry of Education

But the question of nationality could not be completely ignored and so the Ministry of Education added:

"... комиссия сочла необходимым включить в состав кафедр соответствующих факультетов кафедры украинского языка, литературы украинской, истории Украины и истории западнорусского украинского права с преподаванием на украинском языке ... и установить общую лектуру по украинскому языку»

"... The commission considers it necessary to establish departments for Ukrainian language, Ukrainian literature, Ukrainian history and West Russian Ukrainian law with teaching in Ukrainian ... and general reading in Ukrainian in the composition of the department of the relevant faculties"

- The National Ministry of Education

The opening ceremony did not take place as planned on December 14, 1918, because a month earlier there were major protests against the Ukrainian state and the hetman Pavlo Skoropadskyj . However, this would have meant closure for the university, because neither the city nor the students would have been able to pay for regular operations. This was only made possible by a resolution of the Council of People's Commissars (“Sownarkom” for short, Russian Совнарком ) of January 26, 1919, which states:

«[О переходе] всех частных высших учебных заведений на содержание государства"

"[To put] [about the transition] of all private higher educational institutions to entertainment by the state"

- Council of People's Commissars of Ukraine

In the first year of the apprenticeship (1918–1919) 2,750 students started their studies. Divided according to faculties, there were 1,150 in the medical, 600 in the legal and 500 each in the physical-mathematical and history-philological faculties. Tuition fees ranged from 300 to 500 rubles depending on the faculty.

structure

When the university was founded, it was divided into the following four faculties :

Today the Oles Honchar National University in Dnipro is divided into 15 faculties (date of foundation in brackets):

* However, this field was taught as early as 1918, or (in part) goes back to one of the four founding faculties.

Web links

Commons : Oles Honchar National University of Dnipro  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t Juri Pachomenkow (Russian Юрий Пахоменков ): Возникновение Университета в Екастеринославе-Дер. In: Dnipro city website. 2000, accessed October 1, 2014 .
  2. ↑ Вітальне слово ректора. In: Oles Honchar National University of Dnipro. Retrieved September 30, 2014 (Ukrainian, Rector's welcome address).
  3. ↑ a b History of the university. In: Oles Honchar National University of Dnipro. Retrieved on September 30, 2014 (English, article on the history of the university): "Over 15000 students study at the university at 87 specialties with licensed amount of the acceptance over 3000 people, and also foreign students and post-graduate students more than from 20 countries of the world. "
  4. ↑ a b c d История университета. In: Oles Honchar National University of Dnipro. Accessed on September 30, 2014 (Russian, articles on the history of the University): "специальностям В университете обучаются свыше 20 тысяч студентов по 89, а также иностранные студенты и аспиранты более чем из 20 стран мира."


Coordinates: 48 ° 26 '6 "  N , 35 ° 2' 9.6"  E