Misteline

The title of this article is ambiguous. Further meanings are listed under Nebelin (disambiguation) .

Misteline Karstädt municipality Coordinates: 53 ° 6 '32 "  N , 11 ° 43' 26"  E
Height :	33  (25-35)  m
Area :	10.16 km²
Residents :	193  (2011)
Population density :	19 inhabitants / km²
Incorporation :	October 26, 2003
Postal code :	19357
Area code :	038793
Location of Nebelin in Brandenburg

Eastern entrance to the village

Nebelin is a district of the municipality of Karstädt in the Prignitz district in Brandenburg .

Geography and geology

Nebelin is located about twelve kilometers west of Perleberg . The field mark of the place borders on the districts Glövzin (northeast), Premslin (east), Sükow (southeast), Kuhwinkel (south), Laaslich (southwest), Mesekow (northwest) and Karstädt with the village of Stavenow (north). The western part of the district lies in the Elbe-Brandenburg river landscape biosphere reserve .

The place is located on the north-eastern edge of the Elbe glacial valley in the catchment area of ​​the Löcknitz on a cold-time plateau made up of gravelly sediment sands and marls . In the eastern part of the district there is superficial boulder clay , the western and northern areas are predominantly characterized by sand and gravel. In the lowlands belonging to the municipality (Sollgrabenniederung, Masche, Baeckniederung, Silge) predominantly drained fens with abnormal soils can be found.

history

The name "Nobelin" (Vogt in Tangermünde) was first mentioned in 1295. The place name is probably of Slavic origin (interpretations: "damp, wet" or "nje bely" = "not white" = cloudy water).

Meadow landscape east of Nebelin

The place Nebelin was first mentioned in 1316, when the Margrave Johann (the illustrious) donated three hooves to Thidekin von Wartenberg in Nebelin (Nobelin) to build a church.

Prehistoric finds are documented in the Nebeliner Feldmark on the Fliederberg, directly south of the place (burial ground from the Iron Age and Roman Empire) and two kilometers to the west on the so-called Schattenberg (burial ground and burial mound from the Bronze Age). In 1751 Johann Christoph Bekmann describes two stone circles made of medium-sized boulders with a diameter of 20 feet at the foot of two burial mounds on both sides of the "Alte Hamburger Poststrasse" on the Schattenberg .

Development of the estate and farming community

From 1316 to 1814 the von Wartenberg / Vielrogge family owned the castle and the Nebelin estate. During this period, a knight's seat and from 1488 two knightly seats or goods belonging to the von Wartenberg and von Vielrogge families (later also von Wartenberg) are mentioned. The number of farms developed from the above. 3 Hufen in 1316 out of 15 Hüfner and 8 Kossaten in the 16th century (1576). The Thirty Years' War decimated the male population to only one local Hüfner, six local Kossaten and one Kätner (1652). After the Thirty Years' War, the liberal policy of the Great Elector led to brisk immigration, primarily from East Prussia and Schleswig-Holstein. In 1686 there were already seven Hüfner farms and ten Kossaten farms again. Until the end of the 20th century there were 12–13 Hüfner and 10–13 Kossäthöfe relatively constant. The number of inhabitants (see diagram) fluctuated around 250 inhabitants from the 16th to the end of the 18th century, increased in the 19th century and the first half of the 20th century to approx. 400 inhabitants and has decreased again since 1945, so that Nebelin has had around 200 residents since 1990. A significant drop in population was recorded in the Thirty Years' War (1652) and after the Napoleonic Wars (1817). There was a significant increase in the population after 1945 as a result of the influx of refugees from the former German eastern regions.

From 1795 to 1829 the separation took place, i. H. the liberation (ransom) of the peasantry from inheritance as part of the Stein-Hardenberg reforms . In the absence of sufficient financial means, the farmers bought themselves free from compulsory labor and taxes by giving up arable land to the landowner. On the 100th anniversary of Stein's reforms, the residents of Nebelin erected the Freiherr vom Stein monument in honor of the Prussian reformer in 1913 . In 1807 and 1814 respectively, the v. Wartenberg the two manors to the Prussian Minister of State a. D. Otto von Voss zu Stavenow, who appointed an administrator on the estate. In 1946 the remaining estate (273 hectares) was expropriated and divided between 26 new farmers. 1958–1960 the LPG "New Life" was founded, into which the land of the estate and farming community was incorporated. After reunification, some local farmers founded Nebeliner Agrar GmbH in 1995, which leased and farmed the agricultural land of the community. In 2009, Agrar GmbH Karstädt took over Nebeliner Agrar GmbH.

Nebelin Castle

Nebelin 1821. Location of the castle (north of the church) and the second estate (west, today manor house)

In 1353 a castle in Nebelin was first mentioned. Although the moated castle was originally built to defend the town, in the 14th century the lords of the castle devoted themselves more and more to robber barons . The merchants of the Hanseatic cities suffered great damage from the robber barons, so that they formed a state peace federation to conquer the robber barons castles. 1353 was then u. a. also conquered the Nebelin Castle. A year later, Albrecht II , Duke of Mecklenburg, registered the Lübeck Council on the conquered castle of Nebelin with "eternal exemption from customs duties for the help in the conquest of the robbery castles Grabow, Lenzen and Gorlosen" and promised to install peace-loving bailiffs on the conquered castles.

The von Wartenbergs apparently remained in the possession of Nebelin and, at least temporarily, continued to devote themselves to robber barons. In 1542 Hans von Wartenberg was declared a "land destroyer and mugger" by Elector Joachim II Hector and, after he had been tried in Perleberg in the presence of a secret secretary who had been dispatched, executed with the sword on special order of the elector. The remains of the castle were leveled in 1967.

church

Church and rectory in Nebelin

Freiherr vom Stein monument in Nebelin

The church in Nebelin ("an altar") was donated in 1316 by Thiedeke von Wartenberg at the behest of Margrave Johann . The first pastor (Perner Rohloff) is mentioned in 1349. The patronage was held by the landlords (until 1814 von Wartenberg, at times von Vielrogge, then von Voss zu Stavenow). In 1542 Nebelin is mentioned as the mother church with 80 communicants. After the Reformation, a sexton was built in 1558 and the interior of the church (church and patronage stalls) was renewed. In 1701 the tower, which was destroyed in the Thirty Years' War, was rebuilt and given today's pointed helmet. In the 1730s, the interior furnishings (altar, ceiling painting, manor gallery) were redesigned in the Baroque style. In 1909 the church was changed again in the course of renovation work. The organ found its current place on the west gallery and the ceiling painting (from 1736) has been restored. In 2010, the building was renovated in accordance with the requirements of listed buildings.

Architecture and landmarks

Nebelin is a street village with a west-east orientation, whereby the village street is untypically at right angles to today's thoroughfare (L 122). The church, the Freiherr vom Stein monument and court ensembles No. 6 (Hacker) and No. 55 (Hingst) are entered in the list of monuments of the municipality of Karstädt. The townscape is characterized by farmhouses and farm buildings of different times and architectural styles (before 1800: gabled half-timbered houses in the tradition of the Central German Ernhaus , e.g. courtyards no. 6, 18/19, 50; 1800–1850: eaves half-timbered houses in the Frederician style Colonist houses, e.g. courtyards no.28, 52, 55 ; 1850–1900: plastered 5-7-axis houses in the late classical style, e.g. courtyards no.3, 14, 24, 29, 47; modern buildings) .

The rectangular, flat-roofed field stone church (early Gothic hall church) with a high, square lattice tower and pointed helmet (1701) on the west gable dates from around 1300. The facade consists of split field stones with wide joints and partially incised false joints. The ogival windows on the long sides, the two-tier portals on the north side and a staggered group of three windows with three narrow panels on the east gable are made of brick and date from the time it was built. The church has a lively baroque interior. Worth seeing are the stalls (dated 1546/1558) with partly engraved, partly painted coats of arms, roses and other ornamental forms, the beamed ceiling and organ loft with baroque tendril painting (1736), the baroque pulpit altar with depictions of Christ and the evangelists as well as carved altar cabinets that make up the master gallery the early 17th century with renaissance forms, panels and coat of arms decorations as well as the patronage stalls from 1583 with representations of Marcus, Christ, Johannes Evang. as half-figures and the patronage coat of arms. The south inner wall of the church is provided with a large-format mural painting of the miraculous multiplication of bread with contemporary portraits (coast maker, 1915) and grave slabs.

The Freiherr-vom-Stein monument in honor of the Prussian reformer was erected in 1913 by residents of the village from field stones from the Nebeliner Feldmark and provided with a bronze plaque by the Berlin sculptor Helmuth Schievelkamp . It is one of the few Stein monuments that the addressees of Stein's reforms erected on their own initiative and at their own expense.

Also worth seeing are the Heimatstube, where historical household and agricultural equipment can be viewed, and the former manor house.

Infrastructure and traffic

Course of the "Alte Hamburger Poststrasse" from Perleberg to Birkholz, measurement of the Post-Cours from Berlin to Hamburg , 1800 (MfK Berlin)

Course of the "Alte Hamburger Poststrasse", K. Lotter, 1758

The "Alte Hamburger Poststrasse" near Nebelin with the "Neuer Brücke" over the Löcknitz, Schulenburgsche Generalkarte, 1781

Nebelin used to be on the "Alte Hamburger Poststrasse" from Berlin ( Oranienburger Tor ) to Hamburg (Prussian Post House), which was laid out in 1654 at the behest of Elector Friedrich Wilhelm on the old pilgrimage from Berlin to the "Wunderblut Wilsnak" - initially for messengers on horseback . The great need of the Berlin court for culinary delicacies - oysters, tropical fruits and exotic vegetables - was the decisive factor in setting up a so-called kitchen post between Berlin and Hamburg in the 17th century . A regular timetable was introduced for the first time with the expansion of the route to moving mail with public transport of letters, goods and people.

The Alte Hamburger Poststrasse followed the old Heerstrasse from Perleberg to Lenzen and, west of Nebelin, crossed the Löcknitz, which in the past was very watery and only passable in a few places. In old maps this place is called the old ford (Ohle Furth). Probably after the post office was set up, a bridge was built here, which has been recorded in the map series since 1781 as "New Bridge" and which still bears this name today. On the southern outskirts of Nebelin there was a stagecoach substation and adjoining an inn at the "19½ miles to Berlin" position .

The old route of the postal route Berlin – Hamburg was finally abandoned in 1830 after the "Neue Hamburger Chaussee", today's Bundesstraße 5 , was completed. Today the place is accessed by the state road 122, which was created after the sale of the property in 1814.

In 1846 the Berlin-Hamburg railway was built east of the town . At the Nebelin block site , the Deutsche Reichsbahn built what is known as the "expansion of the railway settlement" with seven yards for its employees.
After 1990 the state road, the village road, the sidewalks, the street lighting and a number of municipal facilities (kindergarten, village community center, bus stop) were renewed.

literature

• Historical Gazetteer Brandenburg - Part 1 - Prignitz - N-Z . Modifications made by Lieselott Enders . In: Klaus Neitmann (Ed.): Publications of the Brandenburgisches Landeshauptarchiv (State Archive Potsdam) - Volume 3 . Founded by Friedrich Beck . Publishing house Klaus-D. Becker, Potsdam 2012, ISBN 978-3-88372-033-3 , pp. 598 ff .

Web links

Commons : Nebelin  - collection of images, videos and audio files

• Nebelin in the historical directory of the association for computer genealogy
• Nebelin on prignitz-enthaben.de.
• Nebelin on the website of the municipality of Karstädt.
• Building history of the Nebelin church on askanier-welten.de.
• Nebelin in the series "Landschleicher" of the Ostdeutscher Rundfunk Brandenburg on July 21, 1996

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Karstädt municipality - districts according to § 45 municipal constitution - inhabited parts of the municipality - living spaces. In: service.brandenburg.de. Ministry of the Interior and Local Affairs of the State of Brandenburg, accessed on July 20, 2018 . 
2. ↑ CB Opalinsky: History of cities, monasteries, castles and noble families as well as manors and rural towns in the Prignitz. Wittstock 1906.
3. ^ Adolph Friedrich Riedel : Codex diplomaticus Brandenburgensis . Berlin 1838, Vol. I-1, p. 145 / Vol. I-2, p. 205.
4. ↑ ^{a b} W. Bohm: Prehistory of Prignitz. Berlin 1937.
5. ↑ JC Beckmann: Historical description of the Chur and Mark Brandenburg. Second part, of the antiquities of the march. Berlin 1751.
6. ↑ ^{a b c d} Lieselott Enders : Historical local dictionary for Brandenburg , part 1: Prignitz. Weimar 1997, p. 600.
7. ↑ J. Schulze: The Prignitz and its population based on the Landreiter report from 1652. Perleberg 1928.
8. ↑ Prignitz cadastre from 1886/87.
9. ↑ Sources: Enders: Historisches Ortslexikon or 1773 church book Nebelin. Brandenburg State Statistical Office (1875, 1890, 1910, 1933, 1992–2006, Wikipedia (2011), before 1772: residents extrapolated according to Enders in analogy to the population-farm ratio in 1772).
10. ^ Separation recesses from Nebelin, Brandenburgisches Landesarchiv Potsdam
11. ↑ Mecklenburg record book . Schwerin 1863, Vol. XIII, 7797, p. 349.
12. ↑ Mecklenburg record book. Schwerin 1863, Vol. XIII, 7942, p. 482.
13. ^ Adolph Friedrich Riedel : Codex diplomaticus Brandenburgensis , Berlin 1838, Vol. I-1, p. 118.
14. ↑ ^{a b} A. Schulz: Nebelin and its development from 1316. Nebelin 1985.
15. ^ Adolph Friedrich Riedel : Codex diplomaticus Brandenburgensis . Berlin 1838, Vol. I-25, p. 24.
16. ^ V. Herold: The Brandenburg Church Visitation Fares of the 16th and 17th Centuries , Vol. 1: Prignitz, 3rd Book: Perleberg. Berlin 1929.
17. ↑ List of monuments of the state of Brandenburg: District of Prignitz (PDF) Brandenburg State Office for Monument Preservation and State Archaeological Museum
18. ^ Georg Dehio: Handbook of German Art Monuments. Edited by Gerhard Vinken; reviewed and expanded by Barbara Rimpel, 2012
19. ^ Olaf Grell and Rolf Zimmermann: Prussian Post Roads and Prussian Post Milestones in Brandenburg. State Office for Surveying Brandenburg.
20. ^ Post and road construction in the early modern period , permanent exhibition of the Wusterhausen / Dosse Trail Museum