Kopaczów

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Kopaczów
Kopaczów does not have a coat of arms
Kopaczów (Poland)
Kopaczów
Kopaczów
Basic data
State : Poland
Voivodeship : Lower Silesia
Powiat : Zgorzelec
Gmina : Bogatynia
Geographic location : 50 ° 52 '  N , 14 ° 51'  E Coordinates: 50 ° 52 '17 "  N , 14 ° 51' 3"  E
Height : 275 m npm
Residents : 318 (2008)
Postal code : 59-920
Telephone code : (+48) 75
License plate : DZG
Economy and Transport
Street : Zittau - Bogatynia
Rail route : Zittau - Liberec
Next international airport : Wroclaw



Kopaczów (German Oberullersdorf ) is a village in the Bogatynia municipality in Poland . It is located four kilometers southeast of the city center of Zittau on the border with the Czech Republic and belongs to the powiat Zgorzelecki , Lower Silesian Voivodeship .

geography

Kopaczów and Oldřichov na Hranicích form a closed settlement area that extends along the Lubota / Oldřichovský potok ( Ullersdorfer Bach ). In the east rises the Vřesový vrch ( Heideberg , 341 m), southeast of the Oldřichovský potok rises. Lake Kristýna lies to the southwest in the Czech Republic. The border triangle with the Czech Republic and Germany is located two kilometers west of the village at the confluence of the Lubota / Oldřichovský potok with the Lusatian Neisse .

The Liberec – Zittau railway line passes to the west . On the western edge of the town, a two-lane expressway connects the Czech expressway R 35 to the German federal highway 178 in the direction of Sieniawka .

Neighboring towns are Sieniawka in the north, Białopole in the northeast, Uhelná in the east, Oldřichov na Hranicích in the south, Hartau and Eichgraben in the southwest, Luptin in the west and Zittau and Porajów in the northwest.

The formerly northern villages of Pasternik and Biedrzychowice Górne as well as the northeastern Rybarzowice have disappeared in the Turów opencast mine .

history

Old demarcation along the parcels in Ullersdorf Saxon and Bohemian share until 1848

The village was first mentioned in 1287 as Ulrici villa and originally belonged to the Grafenstein lordship . Since 1381 the lords of Bieberstein have been the owners of a share of Ullersdorf, which they added to their rule in Friedland . In the course of time there was a complete fragmentation of the village between the two rulers. The existence of a parish church has been documented since 1382, but it already existed as a branch church of the parish in Grottau . In 1527 the Reformation took hold and a Protestant pastor was appointed in Ullersdorf. In addition, there was the Oberullersdorf manor in Oberdorf , which also held shares in the village and whose owners were the lords of Gersdorff until 1651 .

In the 1620 made division of caste domination Friedland Friedland contributions to civil rule came Seidenberg who to Christian 1626 von Nostitz were sold. He tried unsuccessfully to enforce the re-Catholicization and in 1628 had the evangelical pastor Zacharias Keimann, father of Christian Keimann , expelled. The pastor's post remained vacant until 1630, after which a Protestant pastor returned to work. With the transition of Upper Lusatia to Kursachsen in 1635 the new situation arose of the division of the place into a Saxon and a Bohemian part, whereby there was no clear boundary line in Ullersdorf, but both parts were strongly mixed on the basis of the parcels. When Bohemia was re-catholized, the evangelical lords of Tschirnhaus had to sell the Grafenstein reign to Matthias Gallas . Subsequently, the population of the Bohemian part was mostly Catholic again and parish to Grottau . The Ullersdorf church was in the Saxon part and remained Protestant. From the end of the 17th century, various Zittau patricians owned the manor in Oberullersdorf; In 1738 Johann Ernst von Kyaw bought it in Gießmannsdorf and attached it as a vassal property to the rulership of Reibersdorf . In 1773, Johann Georg von Einsiedel acquired the Oberullersdorf manor and combined it with his class.

As a result of the division of Upper Lusatia at the Congress of Vienna in 1815, Sächsisch Ullersdorf became part of the Reibersdorf class . The first negotiations for a border adjustment took place in 1815. In 1847, Sächsisch Ullersdorf had 1024 inhabitants. Two thirds of the village meadow on the Ullersbach belonged to the Saxon part.

On March 5, 1848, a border and territorial treaty between Saxony and Austria was concluded, which included the equalization of the various enclaves and exclaves of the two states and was implemented on March 12, 1849. The now clear border line between the Saxon Oberullersdorf and the Bohemian Ullersdorf formed the course of the Ullersbach in Niederdorf, the Dorfstraße in Mitteldorf and the road to Kohlige in Oberdorf. As a result, 34 houses with 248 inhabitants came from Böhmisch Ullersdorf to Oberullersdorf and Ullersdorf received 76 houses with 367 inhabitants from Saxon Ullersdorf . Because of the different denominations, it was stipulated that the Catholics of both villages remained parish to Grottau and the Protestants to Oberullersdorf. In 1849 Friedrich Heinrich Bering bought the Oberullersdorf estate and thus became the largest landowner in the village. In 1856, after the abolition of the manors in Saxony, Oberullersdorf became an independent municipality in the district administration of Zittau . Overall, both communities formed a village unit. Between 1853 and 1859 the railway from Zittau to Reichenberg was built west of the village , and Oberullersdorf received a train station. In 1871, 918 people lived in Oberullersdorf and in 1910 there were 1148. At this time, border and smuggling tourism to Ullersdorf was flourishing.

After the establishment of Czechoslovakia , Dorfstrasse in Mitteldorf was declared a neutral zone. Because of the increase in road traffic, a special regulation was made in 1919. On the road, as in Oberullersdorf, the Saxon traffic rules applied, while in Ullersdorf, as usual in Czechoslovakia, left-hand traffic was used. The previously classified Schonau belonging Vorwerk Luptin was incorporated the 1920s. In 1925 the community had 1,178 inhabitants and in 1933 there were 1,193. After the Munich Agreement , the state border running through the village fell away in 1938; Oberullersdorf and Ullersdorf, however, remained two communities that belonged to different administrative districts. In 1939, 1162 people lived in Oberullersdorf, in 1943 the number of inhabitants was 1161. After the end of the Second World War, Oberullersdorf, east of the Lusatian Neisse , became part of Poland and was given the name Kopaczów. The German residents were expelled in 1945 and 1946 and the station was abandoned in December 1945. In 1945, 55 Kopaczów houses were blown up as a border security measure. The border bridges over the Lubota were closed and a new bypass road to the upper village was created west of the middle village, so that the village road of the middle village was assigned exclusively to Oldřichov na Hranicích.

In 1993 the old road connection to Zittau was reopened west of the village. Since 2010 there has been a road connection for cars to the Czech district of Oldřichov na Hranicích in the northeastern upper village. In the middle of the village, the connection between the two halves of the village is still interrupted by a mound of earth on the border line. The renovated border bridge over the Ullersbach at the church in Niederdorf is currently only open to pedestrians and cyclists. On the western outskirts of the village, the newly-laid two-lane expressway connects the Czech expressway R 35 to the German federal highway 178 over the 4.5 kilometer long Polish section in the direction of Sieniawka . The construction of the section was financed by Germany with EUR 12.5 million and the Czech Republic with EUR 2 million.

Development of the population

year population
1777 18 possessed men , 28 gardeners , 79 cottagers
1834 964
1871 918
year population
1890 1057
1910 1148
1925 1 1178
year population
1939 1 1162
1 with Luptin

Attractions

  • Filialkirche St. Josef, the church that has been verifiable as a parish church since 1382, was expanded before 1570 under Erasmus von Gerdorff and received a large tower, in 1751 the church was rebuilt

Sons and daughters of the place

literature

Web links

Commons : Kopaczów  - collection of images, videos and audio files
Wikisource: Manors and castles in the kingdom of Saxony: Ober-Ullersdorf  - sources and full texts

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Website of Gmina Bogatynia, Ludność , accessed on August 14, 2013
  2. ^ Oberullersdorf in the Digital Historical Directory of Saxony
  3. ↑ Hagen Schönrich: plumbers of Ruhberg, Gotthelf Benjamin . In: Institute for Saxon History and Folklore (Ed.): Saxon Biography .