Pope Benedict organ
| Pope Benedict organ | |
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| General | |
| place | Collegiate Church of the Old Chapel (Regensburg) |
| Organ builder | Mathis Orgelbau , Näfels , Switzerland |
| Construction year | 2006 |
| epoch | 21st century with a predominantly baroque disposition |
| Technical specifications | |
| Number of pipes | 2448 |
| Number of registers | 40 |
| Number of manuals | 2 |
| Wind chest | Slider drawer |
| Tone tract | Mechanically |
| Register action | Mechanical / electrical |
| Others | |
| Eminent organists |
Carl Proske , Dominikus Mettenleiter , Johann Georg Mettenleiter , Michael Haller , Josef Kohlhäufl , Norbert Düchtel |
The Pope Benedict organ in the collegiate church of the Old Chapel in Regensburg has a total of 40 stops on two manuals and a pedal . The built in 2006 by the Mathis Orgelbau company from Näfels and by Pope Benedict XVI. The consecrated instrument is part of the rich church music tradition of the Collegiate Monastery of Our Lady of the Old Chapel . It is housed in an elaborately decorated late baroque case from 1797 enriched with classicist elements.
Building history
Sturm organ from 1584
While the church music tradition at the collegiate monastery for the old chapel goes back to the High Middle Ages, there have only been references to an organ in the collegiate church since the 16th century . The first well-documented instrument was built by the Ulm organ maker Caspar Sturm in 1584. The organ comprised a total of 15 registers, eight on the manual and two on the pedal. There were also two shut-off valves for the manual and pedal and the three subsidiary registers tremulant , bird song and drumstick, the latter two being very popular in the Baroque period as "whistling whistles". Caspar Sturm has written instructions for the correct use of the bird song register. It says: “In the summer time, a fresh, morally fountain water should be poured into the birdsong . (...) In winter you need a Prandt wine instead of the water . "
The organ was of the disposition ago at the transition between Renaissance to settle and early Baroque. Their location in the collegiate church can no longer be identified today. Possibly it was on the rood screen that separated the lay nave from the monastery choir, which was reserved for the clergy of the monastery chapter. In 1719, after the rood screen had been demolished, the Sturm organ was transferred to the newly drawn west gallery . At the beginning of the Rococo remodeling of the collegiate church in 1747, the instrument was decommissioned, but was still in the old chapel until 1787 for lack of replacement.
White organ from 1791
The end of the redesign of the collegiate church was the acquisition of a new baroque organ in 1791, which was supposed to meet all the musical requirements of the time. This was commissioned from the renowned master organ builder Andreas Weiß from Nabburg , who created one of the outstanding instruments of Bavarian organ building in the 18th century. Characteristic here were the completeness of the principal choir, flutes and strings in different voices, an upper work almost on par with the main work and an unusually rich instrumentation of the pedal.
The splendid, classicist organ case has been preserved to this day and has been the work of the Pope Benedict organ since 2006. It is 6.30 meters wide, 9.20 meters high and 1.94 meters deep and was made in 1791 by the cabinet maker Josef Kollhaupt from Stadtamhof . A large vase with a relief of King David , who is considered a symbol of church music, rises above the five-part central field in a niche . The three-part upper work rises above it. The outer pedal towers and accompanied umrankten columns that a strong, toward sloping towards the center Volutengebälk wear. The elaborately carved veil boards with gilded foliage and the seven alabaster white putti with various musical instruments ( timpani , two trombones , flute , baton , two singers ) were created by the Regensburg sculptor Simon Sorg . The Regensburg court painter Johann Georg Kollmüller obtained the version in 1797.
The disposition of 1791 was as follows:
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Successor instruments of the 19th and 20th centuries
In 1870, the Regensburg organ builder Anton Breil completed a new building (manuals: slider chests, pedals: cone chests) with a total of 30 sounding stops using 16 old stops. Soon afterwards, the collegiate bandmaster Michael Haller suggested another new building, which was built in 1899 by the Regensburg organ builders Martin Binder and Willibald Siemann as their Opus 74. This instrument consisted of 36 stops on two manuals and a pedal on pneumatic cone chests. It was rebuilt in 1939 by Weise under the influence of the "organ movement" of the 1920s in a baroque style. Due to the efforts of the cathedral organist Eberhard Kraus to create a modern organ for the old chapel, another new building was carried out in 1974 by Eduard Hirnschrodt , who created a slide organ with mechanical game and electrical stop action . This comprised 32 registers on three manuals and pedal.
Mathis organ from 2006
Serious defects appeared on the Hirnschrodt organ after only about 20 years. In particular, the historic organ case was with the installation of four instead of three works overloaded. This significantly impaired the wind supply and thus the development of the sound. In addition, there were constructive defects in the mechanics and problems with the electrical stop action. Therefore, the church music director Karl Norbert Schmid , the collegiate bandmaster Josef Kohlhäufl and the organist Norbert Düchtel recommended that the collegiate monastery build the organ from scratch. This should be based on the baroque disposition of the Weiss organ and at the same time cover the requirements of today's liturgy by means of some supplementary registers .
After careful consideration, the order was awarded in 2005 to Mathis Orgelbau from Näfels , Switzerland. The total cost of 730,000 euros took over after a pin initiated by conductor Josef Kohlhäufl application and some letters of recommendation, in particular the former Kapellmeister Georg Ratzinger , the Peter-Kaiser -Gedächtnisstiftung from Vaduz . The main reason for this decision was the intensive care of the works of the Liechtenstein composer Josef Gabriel Rheinberger in the Alte Kapelle (during Kohlhäufl's tenure). In a letter dated June 6, 2005, the foundation stated that “the new organ in the papal basilica Alte Kapelle zu Regensburg should be donated to the Holy Father, Pope Benedict XVI, and if possible also be named after him”. In a letter dated June 28, 2005, Benedict XVI welcomed this, but at the same time emphasized that the organ should become the property of the collegiate monastery.
In the summer of 2005 the final arrangement of the organ was also worked out by Norbert Düchtel, Josef Kohlhäufl and the organ builder Hermann Mathis. In January 2006 the Hirnschrodt organ was dismantled. After extensive work in the Swiss workshop, the Pope Benedict Organ between 1 May and 14 June 2006 were built in the collegiate church to the Old Chapel, followed by CEO Hermann Mathis intoned . On September 13, 2006, Pope Benedict XVI consecrated the organ named after him as part of his pastoral visit to Bavaria .
Disposition since 2006
The disposition of the Pope Benedict organ is as follows:
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- Coupling : II / I, I / P, II / P
- Playing aids : setter system (double action), coupling steps
- Effect register : glockenspiel, bird song, cuckoo , nightingale
History of church music at the collegiate monastery for the old chapel
The history of church music at the Kollegiatstift zur Alte Kapelle can be traced back to the high Middle Ages. Soon after the re-establishment by Henry II, Gregorian chant was intensively cultivated. In the late Middle Ages, polyphonic vocal and instrumental church music was added, at the latest from the 16th century also in connection with an organ. Already in the 16th and 17th centuries there was a boys' choir . The office of the collegiate bandmaster , which is entrusted either to a clergyman of the collegiate chapter or a layperson, can also be traced back to this time. For the 18th century there is even a dedicated orchestra with permanent musicians.
Even the secularization did not detract from the cultivation of church music in the old chapel. On the contrary, Carl Proske , who was appointed a canon canon by the Bavarian King Ludwig I in 1830 , founded Cecilianism and the Regensburg tradition through intensive studies of ancient church music and thereby also laid the foundation for the now world-famous boys' choir of the Regensburg Cathedral Sparrows . The collegiate bandmasters Dominikus Mettenleiter and Johann Georg Mettenleiter put Proskes studies into practice and made the old chapel the starting point of this church music restoration movement from around the middle of the 19th century. The church composer Michael Haller contributed numerous new works, which earned him the title “ Palestrina of the 19th Century”.
The musical tradition was continued in the 20th century under the collegiate bandmasters Johann Pollmann and Ernst Schwarzmaier. From 1984 to 2011 Josef Kohlhäufl was the collegiate bandmaster and Norbert Düchtel was the organist. In 1986 Kohlhäufl founded the Choralschola of the former Regensburger Domspatzen, a special ensemble dedicated to cultivating Gregorian chant according to scientific criteria. In addition, Kohlhäufl played a key role in developing the concept for the Pope Benedict organ. His successor since 2011 is Wolfgang Hörlin , who is now taking over the offices of collegiate bandmaster and organist in personal union.
literature
- Ed .: Collegiate chapter of Our Lady of the Old Chapel: The Pope Benedict organ in the Collegiate Church of Our Lady of the Old Chapel . Schnell & Steiner, Regensburg, 1st edition 2006. ISBN 978-3-7954-1885-4 .
- Hubert Kerscher, Hermann Mathis: Regensburg - The Pope Benedict Organ in the Collegiate Church of Our Lady of the Old Chapel (= Little Art Guide No. 2647). Schnell & Steiner, Regensburg 2007, 2nd edition. ISBN 978-3-7954-6648-0 .
Web links
- Website of the Pope Benedict Organ
- Church music on the homepage of the Collegiate Foundation for the Old Chapel
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e f g h Kerscher, Mathis; Pp. 6-13.
- ↑ Kerscher, Mathis; P. 8.
- ^ Pope Benedict organ for the Papal Basilica Old Chapel . Online at www.peter-kaiser-stiftung.li; Retrieved February 19, 2017.
- ↑ Kerscher, Mathis; P. 15.
- ↑ a b c Collegiate monastery of Our Lady of the Old Chapel (ed.): Brochure 1000 Years of Grace in the Collegiate Church and Basilica of Our Lady of the Old Chapel (PDF; 1.14 MB). Online at www.bistum-regensburg.de; Retrieved February 19, 2017.