Paul Kienle

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Paul Kienle (born August 11, 1931 in Viernheim ; † January 29, 2013 in Munich ) was a German physicist , university professor and science manager.

In addition to heavy ion physics, his main areas of research were, in particular, the study of the spontaneous chiral symmetry breaking of QCD with exotic atoms and anticaonic nuclei as well as the investigation of weak two-body decays of highly ionized nuclei in the ESR storage ring of the GSI in Darmstadt. Paul Kienle has a variety of scientific publications in the field of nuclear and particle physics and wrote many textbooks on physics and other scientific books or was involved in their publications.

Life

Paul Kienle grew up in Bihlafingen in Upper Swabia . After attending school in town and in Laupheim , he completed his high school time at a Christian boarding school in Illertissen , where he successfully graduated from high school in 1949 .

At first fluctuating between studying medicine or physics, he went to what was then the Technical University of Munich to study technical physics after suggestions from his relatives . In his diploma (1954) he developed a Geiger-Müller counter, which he used in his doctoral thesis for measuring radiation fields (submitted in 1957). He then worked for a year and a half as a PhD at Brookhaven National Laboratory , Upton, NY (USA), where he continued his education in the field of radiation protection and used this knowledge in 1958 to set up the radiation protection group at the FRM research reactor in Garching b. Munich could use. From 1959 to 1963 he was employed as an assistant at the TH Munich.

He completed his habilitation in 1962 with his work on the Mößbauer effect ( Rudolf Mößbauer was a fellow student) and its application to investigate nuclear structures, chemical bonds and magnetism . In the same year he was offered a position at what was then the Technical University of Darmstadt . From 1963 to 1965 he held the chair for radiation and nuclear physics as an associate professor and created a working group for research on the Mössbauer effect.

In 1965 Paul Kienle accepted the call back to the TH Munich as professor for experimental physics in order to be able to work together with his teacher Heinz Maier-Leibnitz and his fellow student, friend and Nobel laureate Rudolf Mößbauer. Three institutes of the department were combined into one department based on the American model . This "rarity in the German higher education system" and the openness in the technical discussion, which at that time was by no means common in the German higher education system , was probably the reason for a report by Spiegel on the communication in the working group, which was not characterized by hierarchies between professors and junior staff . Together with Ulrich Mayer-Berkhout from the Ludwig Maximilians University in Munich , he was responsible for the construction and construction of an accelerator laboratory for both Munich universities, which began work in 1970. From 1971 to 1999 he held the professorship for experimental physics at the Technical University of Munich. His research interest now began to shift to heavy ion physics and the corresponding particle accelerators.

From the beginning of 1984 to 1992 he was won over as scientific and technical director of the Society for Heavy Ion Research (GSI) in Darmstadt . His main scientific focus was the construction and expansion of the new accelerators and facilities at GSI with the synchrotron SIS18 , the storage ring ESR for heavy ions and the fragment separator FRS . As early as 1985, the then Federal Minister for Research , Heinz Riesenhuber, gave his approval to the project in a letter to Paul Kienle in his role as Managing Director of GSI with the following words:

“With the proposal to build the heavy ion synchrotron and the adjoining experimental storage ring, you submitted an expansion concept that is emphatically supported by science . I am convinced that this project will enable GSI to continue to provide internationally recognized scientific achievements in the future. Therefore I agree to the project. "

- Fritz Bosch : Obituary Paul Kienle, GSI courier

The commitment to build was followed by a financing commitment of 275 million  DM . The foundation stone for the construction was laid on November 3, 1986, and just three years later, on November 13, 1989, the physicist Christoph Schmelzer succeeded in injecting the first ion beam into the newly built synchrotron. Not even two years later, on April 4, 1990, the physicist Bernhard Franzke was able to circulate the first heavy ion beam in the storage ring with an Ar 18+ ion beam. The plant was built and commissioned in less than four years. The ESR storage ring was a risky project, because never before has a storage ring with successful cooling of heavy ions by collinear electrons been successfully put into operation. This form of storage of high-energy particles was previously only implemented for protons at CERN and Fermilab . The implementation of the project gave the research community access to medium and high energy physics with hadrons , to research in nuclear astrophysics , precision spectroscopy with heavy ions, the investigation of radioactive decays and the synthesis of new elements.

In 1992, after eight years of successful work as managing director and experimental physicist, he returned to Munich, where he continued his work with experiments at the GSI Darmstadt. But even after his tenure, Paul Kienle remained very closely connected to GSI research and showed great commitment. He made important suggestions for the conception of the accelerator and experimentation facilities for the new international FAIR center in Darmstadt, which is currently being set up at GSI.

Until 1996 he was one of the chairmen of the NuPECC . In 1999 he retired in Munich, but continued to work in his research areas.

In 2002 he accepted a call from the Austrian Academy of Sciences to be director of the Institute for Medium Energy Physics . Under his leadership, however, a new research program could be initiated, which in October 2004 led to the formal re-establishment of the Stefan Meyer Institute for Subatomic Physics of the Austrian Academy of Sciences.

In the first decade of the 21st century, his work was still concentrated on antikaon experiments, with which interesting results could also be achieved at the ESR in recent years. At the GSI Darmstadt he was still involved in measurements of pionic atoms at the FRS (fragment separator) .

He summarized the credo of his scientific activity in an answer to the question of his teacher Heinz Maier-Leibnitz "Mr. Kienle, how do you come up with something new?" As follows:

  1. By thinking day and night .
  2. By knowing that real physics is always simple.
  3. By risking what almost everyone else thinks is crazy.
  4. By never giving up.

Honors

  • 1993 Gay Lussac Humboldt Prize of the Republic of France
  • Japan Society Research Award for "Promotion of Science"
  • The Paul-Kienle-Weg in his hometown Bihlafingen is named after him.

literature

  • Klaus Dransfeld , Paul Kienle: Physics I-IV. Volume II: Electrodynamics and Special Theory of Relativity. 7th edition. Oldenbourg Wissenschaftsverlag, Munich 2008, ISBN 978-3-486-58598-8 .
  • Klaus Dransfeld, Paul Kienle, Georg Michael Kalvius : Physics I-IV. Volume I: Mechanics and Warmth. 10th edition. Oldenbourg Wissenschaftsverlag, Munich / Vienna 2005, ISBN 3-486-57810-3 .
  • Paul Kienle: European collaboration in nuclear physics: The role of NuPECC. Lecture at the 5th international EPS conference: Conference on Large Facilities in Physics of the European Physical Society (September 12-14, 1994, Lausanne (Switzerland))
  • Paul Kienle: Research in Focus: Experimental Physics between Adventure and Application , Osnabrück 1993.
  • Georg Michael Kalvius, Paul Kienle (Ed.): The Rudolf Mössbauer Story. Berlin 2011, Springer Verlag, ISBN 978-3-642-17951-8 . (English)
  • Paul Kienle (Ed.): How do you come up with simple new things? The researcher, teacher, science politician and hobby cook Heinz Maier-Leibnitz . Verlag Edition Interfrom, Zurich 1991 and Verlag Fromm, Osnabrück 1991, ISBN 3-7201-5232-4 .
  • Interview with Kienle. In: Nuclear Physics News , Vol. 1, No. 6 (1991), pp. 23-27, doi: 10.1080 / 10506899108260782

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Biographical data of Paul Kienle in: Who is who - Das deutsche Who's Who 2002/2003 . 41st edition. Schmidt-Römhild, Verlagsgruppe Beleke, Lübeck 2002, p. 722.
  2. ↑ Paul, what you are saying is wrong . In: Der Spiegel . No. 8 , 1968 ( online ).
  3. ↑ SIS18 can accelerate ions up to 90% of the speed of light, which corresponds to a magnetic stiffness of 18 Tm .
  4. ↑ from English: Experimental Storage Ring (ESR)
  5. ↑ GSI-Kurier , 07-2013 (February 11th - February 17th 2013), weekly information sheet of the GSI Helmholtz Center for Heavy Ion Research GmbH for employees, Darmstadt 2013, pp. 2–5,
  6. ^ GSI history - A research laboratory for everyone, accessed on January 30, 2013
  7. ↑ Survey - Laser Spectroscopy of radioactive Isotopes ( Memento of the original from February 23, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.gsi.de
  8. ↑ nupecc.org The " Nu clear P hysics E uropean C ollaboration C ommittee" is an expert committee of the European Science Foundation .
  9. ^ Website of the Stefan Meyer Institute for Subatomic Physics in Vienna. It deals with the study of fundamental symmetries and interactions in order to
    • To understand properties of the forces occurring in nature
    • to fathom the origin of the mass of the visible universe
    • to clarify the question of why today's universe consists only of matter and not also of antimatter. Precision spectroscopy of exotic atoms (atoms that instead of an electron contain another elementary particle such as a pion , a kaon or an antiproton ) and exotic bound states between mesons and nuclei is used as an investigation method. The SMI is involved in several international collaborations: CERN , LNF - INFN , J-PARC , GSI
  10. ↑ Nuclear Physics News, Vol. 15, No.1, 2005, online edition (PDF; 1.6 MB); therein, p. 37: news and views: Oldest Institute of the Austrian Academy of Sciences Renamed as Stefan Meyer Institut für subatomare Physik
  11. ↑ INFN website: Stages per Studenti di Scuola Secondaria: Interview with Paul Kienle (in Engl.)
  12. ↑ The FRS (fragment separator ) from GSI Darmstadt is used to generate radioactive isotopes and various fission and fusion products for basic physical research. An even larger (higher intensity of the particle beam) is planned for the new FAIR accelerator complex, where the Super-FRS will be built.
  13. ^ Fritz Bosch: Obituary Paul Kienle. In: GSI-Kurier. 07/2013 and cf. Paul Kienle (Ed.): How do you come up with simple new things? The researcher, teacher, science politician and hobby cook Heinz Maier-Leibnitz.
  14. ↑ The physics textbook Volume II deals with electrodynamic phenomena and processes and contains an introduction to relativistic physics. The final chapter is a description of the relativistic dynamics using the four-vector method . With many additional references, examples and exercises. The book contains numerous modern applications of electrodynamics and the like. a. in high-temperature superconductivity , field ion and tunnel microscopy , microwave propagation in waveguides and the Transrapid.
  15. ^ Successor to SPIRES
personal data
SURNAME Kienle, Paul
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German physicist
DATE OF BIRTH August 11, 1931
PLACE OF BIRTH Viernheim
DATE OF DEATH January 29, 2013
Place of death Munich