Nennig

Nennig Perl parish
	Coordinates: 49 ° 31 ′ 49 ″ N , 6 ° 23 ′ 0 ″ E
Height :	156 m
Area :	9.73 km²
Residents :	1430 (Jan. 1, 2020)
Population density :	147 inhabitants / km²
Incorporation :	1st January 1974
Postal code :	66706
Area code :	06866
Location of Nennig in the Saarland
	Berg Castle in Nennig (April 2006)

Nennig is a district (municipality) of the municipality of Perl in the Merzig-Wadern district ( Saarland ) and one of the three Moselle locations in the Saarland.

geography

Geological classification, soil types and use

Scheme drawing of the soil association in the Nenniger Moselaue

Wall arch, town view (April 2006)

Roman mosaic by Nennig (detail)

Map of Nennig

Berg Castle

Roman villa

Nennig is geologically space on the edge of the Paris Basin and the Lorraine Escarpment ngebirges. In terms of landscape, it belongs to the Trier-Luxembourg Triassic Bay area, known as Gutland .

Almost everywhere in Nennig, the rocky base is the main shell limestone . From the heights of the Saar-Mosel-Gaues ( Saargau ) the landscape slopes down like a terrace towards the Moselle. Numerous valleys running towards the Moselle build flat alluvial cones in the Moselle valley, which is here widened over a length of 9 km to around 1.8 km.

The flood plain is filled with Holocene floodplain deposits. The predominant soil types are silty loams. There are typical floodplain soils , which are between 0.5 and 3 meters deep and extremely fertile. Here the highest soil numbers for the Saarland of 60 to 95 points are achieved. The entire floodplain is regularly flooded.

According to the soil overview map of Saarland, the more frequently flooded sections are dominated by the allochthonous brown floodplain soils and in the less frequently flooded areas, recent floodplain soils that tend to brownish , which already lead to the floodplain soils ( autochthonous Vega ). In depressions and troughs close to the groundwater, floodplain gullies or transitional forms to the waterways appear . At the foot of the slope there are colluvisols , which are mainly loamy runoff masses. On the slopes that descend towards the Moselle, there is mostly lime brown earth , brown earth and Pelosol brown earth .

As far as the soil is agriculturally usable, it is used as wine, arable land and grassland. The distribution of grassland to arable land is determined by a variety of factors. In addition to profitability and dependency as well as workability, historical developments also play a role. The grassland areas in the valley floodplain are historically determined, as in earlier times they could be used as irrigation meadows. Numerous irrigation ditches that cut through the area are evidence of this today. In addition, the annually recurring floods and the sometimes high groundwater level limit the use of arable land. Nevertheless, in the past, larger areas of grassland in the valley floodplain were used for arable farming. It can therefore be said that the type of soil and the associated agricultural productivity is a main selection criterion for land use. Viticulture is carried out on the slopes sloping towards the Moselle. Lime brown soils with a high proportion of clay and stone have formed on the mighty limestone underground. This soil is the ideal condition for fruity white and red wines on the south and south-west locations in Nennig.

Natural resources

On gravel and sand , there are rich deposits that are mined on a large scale in the flood plain. In addition, there are smaller occurrences of older origins on some slopes sloping towards the Moselle. Muschelkalk and dolomite can be found on a large scale . The deposits are of a special, supra-regional quality. A dismantling can be proven up to the Roman times. There has been no more dismantling since 1995. The rocks were used as slabs and paving stones as well as for the production of burnt lime .

climate

The climatic conditions allow viticulture on the Moselle slopes near Nennig. On August 8, 2003, 40.8 ° C was measured in Nennig. This value was later corrected to 40.3 ° C. The value is not officially recognized by the DWD .

history

Nennig is first mentioned in a document in 924, but numerous finds testify to a settlement before this time.

Roman time

With the Nennig mosaic, Nennig is one of the most important Roman excavation sites in Saarland . The most important ground monument from Roman times in Saarland is the Villa zu Nennig. Discovered by chance in 1852, substantial parts of the property were excavated by Johann Nikolaus von Wilmowsky by 1864 , by the sculptor and forger Heinrich Schaeffer in 1866 and by Ernst aus'm Weerth in 1869–1872 . A forgery scandal, which was also discussed by the general public, occurred. New systematic excavations were carried out from 1987 to 1999 by F. Bertemes , R. Echt, K.-P. Henz and B. Bienert.

“At the meeting of the archaeological society on July 4th d. J. gave Mr. von Olfers interesting reports about the recent excavations near Nennig, not far from Trier. The remains of a magnificent ancient Roman building that have come to light are the same as those from which a beautiful mosaic recently published by the learned society there emerged ( depicting a Gorgo head surrounded by fowl), but have now developed a size that was previously unpunished, and especially in a hall fifty feet long by thirty feet wide, a number of mosaics are presented which, by their pictorial content as well as by their artistic value, seldom demand the attention of friends of antiquity. Some of these mosaics, namely the group of a lion led by its keeper and having a horse or donkey's head in front of him, were in well-executed drawings; The greater part of the remaining representations also seems to be amphitheatrical . In general, with this latest find, as with many earlier ones of the rubble-rich Moselle region, preserved through the highest and patriotic care, the first inevitable wish is that these beautiful and respectable remains of Roman antiquity should remain protected and accessible on the spot. "

- Report in the Archäologische Anzeiger zur Archäologische Zeitung , Volume XI, No. 55 to 57, July to September 1853

For a long time it was believed that Nennig's villa was a purely luxury and prestigious building, but the new excavations prove that the Nennig complex belongs to the Axialhof villa type. The building ensemble is divided into a representative living area ( Pars urbana ) and an economic area ( Pars rustica ). The latter consists of an elongated courtyard through which wide, paved roads lead from the Moselle, just under 2 km away, to the manor house. Utility and residential buildings stood on both long sides of the courtyard. Three have been proven by excavations, others are likely to be stuck undetected in the ground. Part of the courtyard area has been modernized since 1999.

The pars urbana of the villa includes a stately residential building 120 m wide with a portico façade between corner projections , two side wings connected by porticos, which are interpreted as guest apartments, a secluded, almost 500 m² large bathhouse of the block type, and an almost 260 m long Garden portico between the main house and bathroom. Towards the Moselle in front of the bathing building, a burial mound ( Tumulus or Mahlknopf, dialect Mohknapp ) rises on the domain ( Location → ). Excavations by A. Kolling in 1986/87 revealed a man-high circular wall with a diameter of 44.5 m at the foot of the hill and evidence that the tomb was surrounded by a wall square measuring 94 x 100 m. After the excavations were completed, the hill was filled up again and part of the curtain wall was reconstructed. A second hill north of the Mahlknopf is completely leveled today. 49.525845565 6.3788455725

The Villa von Nennig is famous above all for the excellent mosaic carpet from the 3rd century AD in the reception hall of the manor house. From the original eight medallions with figurative representations from the amphitheater, seven have been preserved. The 15.65 x 10.30 m mosaic is preserved on the spot ( in situ ). A protective structure from the 19th century makes it accessible to visitors. To the right and left of the protective structure, the foundation walls of parts of the manor house can be viewed, including the stumps of a peristyle north of the mosaic room.

According to evidence of small dating finds (coins, fibulae, ceramics), the Villa von Nennig was founded in the 1st century AD. The most recent finds date from the second half of the 4th century.

The vernacular reports of some underground passages to the Mohknapp, which is confirmed again and again by numerous eyewitness testimony from older citizens. For example, 30 years ago, in the area of the Roman villa, an entrance to such a corridor was said to have been freely accessible, in which one could walk almost upright several hundred meters. Such a corridor is also said to have been cut in the 1950s when the sewer system in Dorfstrasse towards Besch was expanded . It is not clear whether there is a reference to Roman history.

middle Ages

The Franks in Nennig followed the Romans . For some time they lived in the Roman buildings, but no longer maintained them, so they fell into disrepair. The Roman villa was finally destroyed during the Norman raids at the Battle of Remich in 882. Probably shortly afterwards, possibly even earlier, several Franconian mansions were built, from which the castles Berg , Bübingen and Thorn (the latter today belongs to Palzem ) emerged. Of these three, which used to be part of Nennig, Thorn Castle is now located outside of Saarland in neighboring Rhineland-Palatinate.

Nennig's territorial affiliation was divided. Thus the practiced and 1769 Elector of Trier , the Duke of Lorraine and the Duke of Luxembourg shared the sovereignty of Nennig and the time associated Ortenberg and meadow. Bübingen Castle was the seat of a Luxembourg rule and Berg Castle was the seat of a Lorraine rule. The inhabitants of Nennig, which at that time consisted of the districts Nennig, Wies , Berg and Bübingen , were therefore subjects of different lords. However, the four places formed an undivided territorial unit ( condominium ). However, the individual households were subject to tax in different countries. A map from the middle of the 18th century shows these conditions, which are confused by today's standards.

Modern times

After the French revolutionary troops marched in, Nennig fell to the Republic of France until it was added to the Kingdom of Prussia ( Rhine Province , Trier District, Saarburg District) by the Congress of Vienna in 1815 after the victory over Napoleon . Since then, the Moselle, as a joint German-Luxembourg sovereign territory (condominium), has formed the border between Prussia (later Germany) and the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg. In this case, the effect of the condominium is that the Luxembourg border is the German bank and the German border is the Luxembourg bank, i.e. the Moselle belongs to both countries.

Nennig has belonged to Saarland since 1945 and was assigned to the Merzig-Wadern district and the Perl district within it, along with other districts that previously belonged to the Saarburg district. Nennig was an independent municipality until the end of 1973. On January 1, 1974, it was dissolved by the Administrative Reform Act and incorporated into the municipality of Perl.

Population development

The development of the population of Nennig, the values from 1939 to 1974 are based on censuses:

Population development in Nennig from 1939 to 2014

year	Residents
1939	936
1950	786
1961	913
1970	944
1974	976
2004	979
2010	1149
2012	1283
2014	1352
2019	1384
2020	1430

Attractions

Schloss Berg is internationally known . It houses a casino and a hotel with a three- Michelin- star restaurant under the direction of Christian Bau .
The St. Martin Church, rebuilt in 1805, was rebuilt in 1947 after being destroyed in the Second World War .