Pezinok
| Pezinok | |||
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| coat of arms | map | ||
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| Basic data | |||
| State : | Slovakia | ||
| Kraj : | Bratislavský kraj | ||
| Okres : | Pezinok | ||
| Region : | Bratislava | ||
| Area : | 72.755 km² | ||
| Residents : | 23,034 (Dec. 31, 2019) | ||
| Population density : | 317 inhabitants per km² | ||
| Height : | 152 m nm | ||
| Postal code : | 902 01 | ||
| Telephone code : | 0 33 | ||
| Geographic location : | 48 ° 17 ′ N , 17 ° 16 ′ E | ||
| License plate : | PK | ||
| Kód obce : | 508179 | ||
| structure | |||
| Community type : | city | ||
| Urban area structure: | 2 districts | ||
| Administration (as of November 2018) | |||
| Mayor : | Igor Hianik | ||
| Address: | Mestský úrad Pezinok Radničné námestie 7 90214 Pezinok |
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| Website: | www.pezinok.sk | ||
| Statistics information on statistics.sk | |||
Pezinok (German Bösing , Hungarian Bazin , Latin Bazinium ) is the largest city in the district of the same name ( Slov. Okres Pezinok ) in Slovakia north of Bratislava with around 22,000 inhabitants (2009).
Location and general
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The place is located at the foot of the Little Carpathians and lives mainly from viticulture and agriculture as well as brick and ceramic production.
There are also many commuters who work in the capital city of Bratislava, which is 20 kilometers away.
Many Bratislava residents have their weekend houses ( Slovak chata ) in Pezinok or in one of the neighboring towns , where they usually have a few vines to offer their guests their own wine.
structure
The city consists of two districts:
- Pezinok , divided into Sídlisko Sever , Cajla ("Zeil", incorporated in 1947), Sídlisko Muškát and Sídlisko Juh
- Grinava ( 1947–1990 : Myslenice ; German Grünau , Hungarian Grinád ; incorporated in 1975; 1944 a prison camp for American fighter pilots who were shot down).
history
The area where Pezinok is located today was first mentioned in writing in 1208 as terra Bozin , a village that belonged to Bratislava Castle . In the same year Pezinok was awarded to Tomáš, the clan of Nitra ( Neutra ). Tomáš was the founder of the later important family of the Counts of Sankt-Georgen and Bösing (Pezinok was owned by this family until it died out at the beginning of the 16th century).
In the following centuries the place developed from a mining settlement to a mining and wine-growing town. The vineyards were planted in the second half of the 13th century, gold was mined in the 14th to 18th centuries, and pyrite and antimony in the 18th and 19th centuries.
In the 14th century, the first German settlers, attracted by gold mining and viticulture, came. A second wave of German colonization took place in the 16th century.
In 1376 the city was granted weekly market rights and in 1466 fair rights. After the Counts of St. Georgen and Bösing died out, the place and the surrounding areas belonged to the Zápolyas , later to the Serédys , the Salms and from 1580 to 1615 the Illesházys . In 1615 Pezinok received city rights. In 1643 a city wall was built. On June 14, 1647, the city finally received the privilege of the Royal Free City by King Ferdinand III.
In the 17th and 18th centuries the city had its greatest heyday, it was one of the richest cities in the Kingdom of Hungary . In the 19th century, industry developed in the city. The first factory in Hungary for the production of sulfuric acid was built here, later a factory for the production of needles and a large brick factory . The short-lived economy was mainly due to the resumption of gold mining in the Pezinok corridors and the construction of a railway line .
Then came the decline of the city in the 20th century. At that time there was no major factory in town. In parallel with the decline in viticulture, many residents emigrated mainly to America. The gradual construction took place only after the Second World War . The large proportion of the German-speaking population (1930: 1325 people = 21.7%) was evacuated in 1945 before the advancing Red Army - partly under pressure from the German Party . Those Germans who remained in Bösing who were not ready to leave their hometown were expelled from Slovakia on the basis of the Beneš decrees after the war and were forcibly relocated to either Austria or Germany.
Today the city is very focused on the construction industry (especially the woodworking industry, brick and building material production), and there is again increased viticulture and wine production, a shopping center and a number of historical sights.
Attractions
- Bösing Castle with the park of the Counts of St. Georg and Bösing (built in 1608 on the site of a 13th / 14th century moated castle; today the largest wine cellar in Slovakia)
- Roman Catholic parish church from the 13th century
- Town hall from the 16th century
- Marian column from 1749 in memory of the plague
- Kleinkarpatisches Museum , a regional museum with a focus on Winzereiwesen , viticulture and wine of the Small Carpathian -Weinbaugebiets
Motorsport
On the national road 503 over the Little Carpathians after a Pernek annually hillclimb held that the European Hill Climb Championship is one ( "Slovakia Matador").
sons and daughters of the town
- Katharina Frankl, pseudonym Katharina (Kathi) Frank (1847–1918), actress
- Johann Kupetzky (1667–1740), Slovak Baroque portrait painter of Czech origin
- Ludovít Rajter (1906–2000), Slovak conductor and composer
- Paul Rázga (1798 - 1849), Evangelical Lutheran preacher in Pressburg
- Richard Réti (1889–1929), chess grandmaster
- Ignác Ruzitska (1777–1833), Hungarian composer
- Dušan Slobodník (1927–2001), man of letters, translator and politician
- Franz Samuel Stromszky (1792 - 1861), Superintendent of the Hungarian Evangelical Church AB
- Eugen Suchoň (1908–1993), composer
- Matthäus Walch (2nd half of the 18th century), builder and architect
- Zuzana Čaputová (* 1973), President of the Slovak Republic since June 15, 2019, lives in Pezinok
