Arrow hammer
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The arrow hammer is a former hammer mill in the Schwarzenberg district of Pöhla in the Erzgebirge district .
history
The arrow hammer has its origin probably around 1505 in a hammer hut owned by Georg Schütz. Georg Schütz's coat of arms, a "standing arrow ", became the trademark of the arrow hammer. The arrow Hammer was at that time one of two racing works (Zerennwerken) in Kleinpöhla. The iron ore was supplied from the mines in the local area. The lime came from the lime kiln in Pöhla. In 1524 Thomas Klinger, the hammer master from Mittweida , bought the arrow hammer. Old papers from the Pfeilhammer Breitfeld & Co ironworks show that the ironworks was officially founded in 1525. Thomas Klinger's daughter Regina married the hammer gentleman Balthasar Siegel. In addition to the children of the Siegel family, Enoch Pöchel worked in the Pfeilhammer and bought the hammer mill from the Siegel family. In 1539 Kunz Theriolf was the owner and bequeathed it to his only son after his death in 1548.
1593 of the acquired Elterleiner Hans Klinger the hammer by Wolf Teubner, already in 1542 detected as owner. A small settlement had already formed around the hammer mill in 1562. The hammer owner owned two hereditary estates and next to the blacksmith's house there were five other "small houses". In order to distinguish the small place from the one on the opposite side of the river, it was called Kleinpöhla , that Großpöhla . It was not until 1855 that both went into the Pöhla community . After the hammer was briefly in the possession of the captain and later lieutenant colonel Karl von Goldstein zu Quedlinburg , in 1600 it belonged to the chamber master Markus Röhling, financial secretary from Dresden . His heirs sold the work to the von Elterlein family in 1620 , who operated other hammer mills, including in Breitenhof and Rittersgrün , and who owned the arrow hammer for over 200 years. After the first blast furnace was built in 1608 , Johann Heinrich von Elterlein had the manor house built on the western slope of the valley between 1684 and 1687. The fire of the Stabhütte in May 1802 also affected all residential and farm buildings. The reconstruction lasted until 1806.
The interior of the hammer mill largely corresponded to that of other hammer mills in the Ore Mountains. It consisted of a blast furnace about seven meters high, one and a half meters wide in the coal sack, and a box fan driven by water power, which was used to melt the iron ore. The hammer, which weighs around 250 kilograms, as well as the box blower belonging to the hammer fire, also set in motion by the force of the water, beat the extracted iron into a homogeneous mass by driving the slag out of it and producing pieces of iron which were then closed Forged bars of various thicknesses and lengths. Commercial cast goods were also made from the blast furnace iron. a. received a commendation at the trade exhibition in 1834.
In 1839 the then owner Carl Ludwig von Elterlein received the concession to build a cupola furnace in which the pig iron obtained from the blast furnace and foreign and broken cast iron could be fused into commercial cast goods. The artistically designed iron ovens, from then on manufactured in the Pfeilhammer ironworks, received a silver medal at the trade exhibition in Leipzig in 1845. In the middle of the 19th century, the new owner was Porst und Co. since July 1846 , the factory comprised a blast furnace with charcoal, an iron foundry and a wrought iron factory. In addition to three "officials", 70 workers were employed in the plant.
Johann Traugott Lindner wrote about Pöhla in his book Walks through the Most Interesting Areas of the Saxon Upper Ore Mountains, published in 1848, under the heading Großpöhla: “No less live in the 109 densely packed houses that are often jammed and shingled with each other, including the neighboring Kleinpöhla than 1489 people, of whom the men’s family mostly find their nourishment at the two hammer mills, the so-called Biedermann’s and the arrow hammer, while women and children do lace-making. "
From 1876 to 1884, Rohleder & Co. owned the ironworks. In 1872 the last blast furnace went out and in May 1884 the company Nestler & Breitfeld bought the factory, which already owned the iron works Erla and the iron works Wittigsthal . The foundry facilities were expanded. Pfeilhammer's specialties were furnace and machine casting with an extensive production profile.
The following products were produced: kitchen sinks , washbasins , Bidetbecken, toilets , siphon , urinals , wall fountains, oven pots, pans, stove pipes, grills, stove frames, pedestals , various ovens, oven racks, railway herd, supporting oven racks, cooking equipment, Bratröhren, insert plates and backing rings and skylight . The combined Eisenwerke Erla with machine works, Pfeilhammer, Wittigsthal and Breitenbach received several awards at exhibitions. There were first prizes at trade shows in Chemnitz , Leipzig, Kassel , Vienna , Frankfurt am Main , Freiberg and Zwickau .
In 1928 the following shareholders of Nestler & Breitfeld Aktiengesellschaft were appointed: 1. businessman Eduard Richard Breitfeld in Erla , 2. businessman Friedrich Wilhelm Kuhnert in Zwickau, 3. businessman Georg Albert Lehmann in Raschau . The leitmotif for the re-establishment of Pfeilhammer in October 1928 was Richard Breitfeld's slogan: "Better small and without debts, than great gentlemen with foreign guilders."
In January 1933, the enamelling plant for the production of cast-iron enamelled cookware was put into operation. In 1936 electric coal stoves were manufactured. In November 1939 Georg Albert Lehmann left the company, followed in 1942 by Friedrich Wilhelm Kuhnert and Edith verw. Rohde, b. Breitfeld entered the company personally liable without representing the company externally. Eduard Richard Breitfeld was now entitled to represent the company alone. On February 26, 1946 Edith died. Rohde, b. Breitfeld left the company and her son Günter Rohde joined the company as a personally liable partner .
With effect from January 1, 1959, the general partnership was converted into a limited partnership . Personally liable partners were 1. Eduard Richard Breitfeld, Pöhla / Erzgeb., 2. Günter Otto Richard Rohde, Pöhla / Erzgeb. and 3. the Deutsche Investitionsbank, Berlin. From January 1, 1961, VEB Eisenwerk Erla, Eisenwerk Pfeilhammer, Breitfeld & Co. KG Pöhla was a limited partner .
Until the foundry was closed in 1968, the focus of production was on furnace casting, machine casting, contract enamelling and the manufacture of coal stoves. Subsequently, the former foundry halls were converted for the assembly of the stoves and hearth storage. From now on, cast parts for the stoves were produced in various foundries in Chemnitz, Ortrand , Cossebaude , Torgelow and Ueckermünde . An air dome, dust extraction and two large presses were put into operation. An administration building was erected above the joinery. In addition, a building for the new electrostatic spray system was built. These investments were necessary for the production of electric coal stoves.
The Pfeilhammer ironworks was the sole manufacturer of electric and coal combined stoves in the GDR . The four coal stoves and two electric coal stoves were produced until 1990. Furthermore, an oil stove was manufactured in small numbers for the army . Samovars were also made for Russian trains . The resin pot holders for the forestry were painted in the electrostatic spray system.
The narrow-gauge railway Grünstädtel – Oberrittersgrün was shut down on September 25, 1971 after 82 years of operation. Pfeilhammer had a siding, the bulk goods were reloaded in Grünstädtel from the standard gauge railway to the small railway. After the end of the small railroad, arrow hammer workers had to unload the wagons with bulk goods and transport them to Pöhla by truck. Purchased parts were transported by truck beforehand. The sheet metal packages, each weighing 5 t, were unloaded in Aue and partially stored on a special platform. A special motor transport company delivered the sheet metal to Pöhla, where it was unloaded by crane in the cutting shop. The herd was dispatched exclusively by truck via motor transport.
On April 24, 1972, the company was converted into VEB Eisenwerk Pfeilhammer Pöhla. In 1978 the management of VEB steering wheel and special clamps was assigned. The production facility was relocated to the Neue Hütte Pöhla. A structural policy measure in 1979 resulted in the affiliation to VEB Wittigsthal Johanngeorgenstadt, VEB Eisenwerk Wittigsthal, branch Pöhla.
It was not until 1990 that Eisenwerk Pfeilhammer GmbH was generally legally and economically independent again. In 1991 reprivatisation failed . On May 31, 1991 a purchase agreement between the Treuhand , the Bartz-Werken GmbH Dillingen / Saar and Eisenwerk Pfeilhammer GmbH was concluded. What has remained is the distribution of herds.
literature
- About Aue, Schwarzenberg and Johanngeorgenstadt (= values of our homeland . Volume 20). 1st edition. Akademie Verlag, Berlin 1972.
- Förderverein Montanregion Erzgebirge eV (Ed.): Study on the determination and definition of the world heritage areas and buffer zones in the Schwarzenberg area as part of the Montanregion Erzgebirge project. Freiberg 2012 ( digitized version ; PDF; 4.9 MB)
- Götz Altmann : The story of the “arrow hammer” in Pöhla. In: District journal Erzgebirge / Aue No. 1/2000, From the municipalities
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Götz Altmann : Ergebirgisches Eisen. History - technology - folk culture . Saxon State Office for Folk Culture, Sächsisches Druck- und Verlagshaus AG, Schneeberg / Erzgebirge / Dresden 1999, ISBN 3-933442-31-1 , p. 98.
- ↑ Götz Altmann: Ergebirgisches Eisen. History - Technology - Folk Culture , Saxon State Office for Folk Culture. Sächsisches Druck- und Verlagshaus AG, Schneeberg / Erzgebirge / Dresden 1999, ISBN 3-933442-31-1 , p. 25.
- ↑ a b c Johann Traugott Lindner : Hikes through the most interesting areas of the Saxon Upper Ore Mountains . Rudolph and Dieterici Verlag, Annaberg 1848, p. 51 ( digitized in the Google book search).
- ↑ Commercial register HR A 276, register of the Schwarzenberg district court Fa. Eisenwerk Pfeilhammer Breitfeld & Co. Pöhla.
Coordinates: 50 ° 30 ′ 36 ″ N , 12 ° 48 ′ 46 ″ E