Plotiště nad Labem

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Plotiště nad Labem
Coat of arms of Plotiště nad Labem
Plotiště nad Labem (Czech Republic)
Paris plan pointer b jms.svg
Basic data
State : Czech RepublicCzech Republic Czech Republic
Region : Královéhradecký kraj
District : Hradec Králové
Municipality : Hradec Králové
Area : 643.5281 ha
Geographic location : 50 ° 14 '  N , 15 ° 48'  E Coordinates: 50 ° 13 '48 "  N , 15 ° 48' 11"  E
Height: 248  m nm
Residents : 2,029 (March 26, 2011)
Postal code : 503 01, 503 11
License plate : H
traffic
Street: Hradec Králové - Smiřice
Railway connection: Chlumec nad Cidlinou – Międzylesie
administration
Website : www.plotiste.info
Location of Plotiště nad Labem in the Hradec Králové district
map
Aerial view
ČKD premises
Jan Hus memorial
Statue of St. Wenceslaus

Plotiště nad Labem (German Plotischt , 1939-45 fence panel ) is a district of the town of Hradec Kralove in the Czech Republic . It is located three kilometers northwest of the city center of Hradec Králové and belongs to the Okres Hradec Králové . In the second half of the 20th century, Plotiště nad Labem was an important engineering location.

geography

Plotiště nad Labem extends right Elvish in the Východolabská tabule (table land on the eastern Elbe ). The Melounka brook flows through the village and flows into the Elbgraben ( Labský náhon ) on the outskirts . The Pardubice – Liberec railway line forms the eastern boundary of the district ; to the west of the village runs the Silnice I / 33 / E 67 between Hradec Králové and Smiřice , behind it lies the industrial wasteland of the ČKD engine works Plotiště. The Silnice I / 35 / E 442 between Hradec Králové and Hořice and the Chlumec nad Cidlinou – Międzylesie railway line run along the southern outskirts . The main train station is to the south .

Neighboring towns are Neděliště and Předměřice nad Labem in the north, Správčice and Rusek in the north-east, Kydlinov and Plácky in the east, Pražské Předměstí in the south, Svobodné Dvory in the south-west, Chaloupky and Bříza in the west, and Všestary and Světary in the north-west.

history

Archaeological finds prove an early settlement of the area. From the Upper Paleolithic were before about 25,000 years scrapers from flint and bone artifacts found. There is evidence of further settlement in the Early Bronze Age through settlement pits with deposits and graves with additions made of bronze and amber beads; At that time a trade route led from the Náchod area through the border forest inland. In the late 1970s and early 1980s, some richly furnished Germanic graves from the Iron and Roman times were found in the fields .

The first written mention as obec Poddanoplotišťská took place in 1225, when King Ottokar I Přemysl donated the village to the city of Hradec Králové in the course of its elevation to the royal city . The Minorites from the monastery of John the Baptist next to the castle performed the spiritual duties . After the capture of Hradec Králové by the Orbites , King Sigismund besieged the city in June 1420 with around 10,000 men who set up camp in Plotiště for four weeks. The attempt to drive the Hussites and especially their preacher Ambrož Hradecký out of the city failed. After King Sigismund was able to win back the city, he pledged it in 1437, including the Rychta and the village of Plotiště, to his wife Barbara von Cilli as security for the morning gift .

In 1450 Peter von Plotiště was named as the owner of the Plotiště farm and works, a little later the citizen Kydlín; In 1468 the fortress and the Plotiště farm belonged to the Řehoř from Plotiště. Dorota Kydlinová owned the farm in the 1530s; it is believed that the Kydlinov mill was originally located on Melounka in Plotiště. For his new mill in the Elbe meadows, the municipality approved the miller Mikuláš Kydlín in 1538 to create a trench from the Elbe near Předměřice and to channel the water into the Březhrad pond. Because of the participation of the city in the Bohemian uprising of the estates, Emperor Ferdinand I confiscated all Königgrätzer city goods in 1547 and sold most of the drawn villages, including Plotiště to Johann von Pernstein . His son Jaroslav sold the village back to the city. After the death of January Král of Plotiště whose court was including five Chaluppen 1635 as a completed fief to the in Dolejší Plotiště Bohemian chamber home . At the end of 1639 the troops of the Swedish field marshal Banér occupied the area and plundered it, after three months they were expelled by imperial troops on February 20, 1639 . After that, part of the Kapaun von Swoykow regiment was quartered in Plotiště for a long time. From 1639 the Jesuits from Königgrätz managed the farm . In 1643 the village was devastated by Swedish and Saxon troops, two years later the Swedes invaded again. Most of the homesteads were still desolate for a long time, and the city of Königgrätz finally had the abandoned property divided up. In 1651 there lived 124 people in Plotiště - a judge, a junior judge, two scoops, eight farmers, nine Chalupners, a Kretschmer , a flax dehydrator and 13 residents . On November 28, 1698, the brewery founded in 1692 by Father Quardian of St. Anne's Church in Všestary was officially relocated to Plotiště because of disputes that had arisen there, but the relocation did not actually take place. At the beginning of the 18th century the village consisted of 7 farmers, 38 Chalupners and 9 residents. From the 1714 created for the tax office directory of the courts shows that the in the corridors of Svobodné Dvory lying open courtyards Benedovský dvůr and Bohdanecký dvůr, as is the Věkošský dvůr in Věkoše were attributed at the time Plotiště. Tobacco cultivation can be traced back to 1726 ; it was processed in the Königgrätzer Fabrice and probably also in the village. In 1749 Plotiště consisted of seven farmers and 43 chalupners, gardeners and kotters. The first chalets were built on the Elbe ditch around 1750, the small settlement was initially called Plotiště u Náhona and since 1799 as Platzky . In 1757 the Jesuitenhof burned down to the ground. In 1760 the village consisted of 34 houses. At the end of the 18th century, the urban courtyards were parceled out and, in the course of raabization, were emphyteutically divided between Chalupner, gardener and Kötter. The village was part of the St. Peters Church in the Königgrätzer suburb; when this was demolished in 1787 because of the construction of the fortress, Plotiště received its own pastor, who initially preached in the St. Isidore chapel. In 1788, the St. Peter's Church in Plotiště was built from the assets of the abolished Königgrätzer Church. In 1789, the village of Plotisstie, including the free people, consisted of 115 houses, 29 of which belonged to the Pržim estate and one to the Horžinowes estate ; the church was dedicated to the apostle Peter. According to the information in the parish chronicle, the first school was initially set up in a private house in 1796, and a wooden schoolhouse was built in the same year. In the years 1817-1818 the conversion and expansion of the Kaiserstraße between Königgrätz and Hořitz took place . In 1826 Plotisch had grown to 158 houses with 834 inhabitants; the town of Königgrätz belonged to the 43 houses with 229 inhabitants, later designated as Frei Plotischt or Svobodné Plotiště , a further 84 houses with 447 inhabitants were subject to the Königgrätz rule. Four years later, 961 people lived in the 159 houses of Plotisch , 260 of them in the 43 houses of Frei Plotisch . In 1832 the first cholera outbreak in Bohemia also reached Plotisch . On April 15, 1834, 14 years before the abolition of the Robot in the Kingdom of Bohemia, the municipality of Königgrätz concluded a robot abolition settlement with its subjects in Plotisch for a payment of 12,000 silver guilders; the annual installments were paid until 1848. In 1835 a new school building with two classrooms was built.

In 1836, the village of Plotischt or Plotisste in the Königgrätzer district on Hořitzer Strasse consisted of 159 houses with 961 inhabitants. Of these, 82 houses with 496 inhabitants belonged to the royal kingship Königgrätz, 32 houses with 193 inhabitants belonged to the Přim estate and two houses with twelve inhabitants belonged to the Swetj farm ; the 43 houses of Frei Plotisch with 260 inhabitants were under the jurisdiction of the city magistrate. The one-layer Kobyli Doly ( Kobylí Doly ) consisting of three houses was conscripted at the plot table . The parish church of St. Peter and the school were under the patronage of the religious fund; there was also the chapel of St. Isidore, five inns and a mill. Plot was the parish for Platzky and Kobyli Doly as well as parts of Ziegelschlag ( Cihelna ), Bohdanetz ( Bohdanecké Dvory ) and Schloßhöfen . Until the middle of the 19th century, the village remained proportionally divided between the kk lordship of Königgrätz, the city of Königgrätz, the Přim estate and the lordship of Hořeniowes.

After the abolition of patrimonial Plotiště formed from 1849 with the districts Plácky and Kobylí Doly a municipality in the judicial district of Königgrätz . The first municipal council election did not take place until 1851, however, as the municipal leaders had initially sought to remain under Königgrätz administration. In 1851 the farmer Karel Barták set up a foundation for poor schoolchildren with a capital of 100 guilders, from the interest proceeds of which scholarships were paid out until 1918. In 1855 the Pardubice – Liberec railway was built . At that time five brickworks were being built in the fields between Plotiště and Kobylí Doly.

After the first kk troops retreating from Náchod and Skalitz approached the town of Königgrätz on June 29, 1866 , during the German War , this caused panic in Plotiště; a large number of the inhabitants tried to save their lives by fleeing. From June 30 to July 3, 40,000 Austrian soldiers were housed in Plotiště. During the Battle of Königgrätz , the church, the rectory and the school were converted into a field hospital in which the numerous wounded were crammed together. After the retreat of the Austrian and Saxon troops, the Prussians plundered the village and brought in cholera, which killed 35 residents.

From 1868 the community belonged to the Königgrätz district . Between 1870 and 1873 the Chlumetz-Königgrätz railway was built , which crossed the Elbe on a viaduct south of the Plácky district. In 1872, 25 children died during a seven-month smallpox epidemic . A collection for the flood victims in Prague raised 219 guilders in the same year. In 1881 the construction of the Königgrätz-Wostromeř commercial railway began , it was the third railway line that passed through the municipality's cadastre. The volunteer fire brigade was founded in 1886. Due to the increasing number of pupils - in the school year 1887/88 there were 394 children - an extension of the school was built instead of the gym. In the 1890 census, the village of Plotiště consisted of 196 houses and had 2229 inhabitants; this included the districts of Plácky with Kydlinov (33 houses with 391 inhabitants) and Kobylí Doly (4 houses with 18 inhabitants). In 1898 the municipal council requested a name change to Plotiště nad Labem , which was made public in 1902. In 1910, Plácky began working on regulating the Elbe. In the course of the territorial expansion of the city of Königgrätz, the incorporation of Plotiště nad Labem (with Plácky, Kydlinov and Kobylí Doly) was planned for 1918; however, it did not materialize because of the political events.

In 1937, the Škoda works decided to build a new plant near Plotiště nad Labem, as the plant in Kukleny could no longer be expanded. In addition, the land of Kobylí Doly was bought and the houses were demolished. After the German occupation and the takeover of the Škoda works, the construction work was continued by the Reichswerke Hermann Göring , with the focus being changed to military production. During this time, the community received the Germanized name Zaunfeld . On April 1, 1942, Plotiště nad Labem / Zaunfeld with the districts Kobylí Doly / Roßtal and Plácky / Platzka was incorporated into Königgrätz on April 1, 1942.

Between 1941 and 1943 the foundry LGK Zaunfeld for the production of light metal cast parts for the Junkers Ju 88 was built in Roßtal according to a project by the Karlsbad architect Adolf Merett . Most of the buildings were built with lined steel and reinforced concrete skeletons. Production started on June 4, 1943, and the annual output was forecast at 200 t of silumin and 100 t of electron . Air raid shelters for German officials were built in the former Souček brickworks in 1943–1944. After the end of the Second World War, the Plotiště plant became part of the Škoda plant again; From 1945 bridge constructions were initially manufactured, from 1953 the development and production of diesel engines took place in the plant now operating as Strojírny Plotiště . From 1958 the engine plant operated as Československé závody naftových motorů, np Praha, závod Plotiště , in 1965 it became part of the ČKD Praha company as the Hradec Králové plant .

On May 17, 1954, Plotiště nad Labem was again an independent municipality in Okres Hradec Králové-okolí; but without the former district of Plácky, which now also formed a municipality. Since the territorial reform of 1960, the municipality belonged to the Okres Hradec Králové. On November 26, 1971 Plotiště nad Labem was again incorporated into the city of Hradec Králové. On March 3, 1991 the place had 1812 inhabitants; at the 2001 census, there were 1822 people in the 534 houses in Plotiště nad Labem.

The company ČKD Hradec Králové was transformed into DMA Plotiště in 1998 and went bankrupt in the same year. On August 15, 2001, a major fire destroyed the compressor hall. After ČKD Motory went bankrupt in June 2002, the subsidiary HZSP ČKD Hradec Králové was dissolved. BEZ Motory as continued the production program from 2003, in 2005 it stopped the development and production of engines. Service and spare parts sales were transferred to BEZ Motory Services sro in 2009. In 2012 plans for the construction of an industrial park on the ČKD wasteland were presented.

Local division

The district of Plotiště nad Labem consists of the basic settlement units Plotiště nad Labem, Plotiště nad Labem-jih, Plotiště nad Labem-průmyslový obvod, U jaroměřské silnice, U jičínské silnice and Za cihelnou.

The district forms a cadastral district.

Attractions

  • Church of St. Peter, built in 1788 from the assets of St. Peter's Church in Königgrätz. It received four bells, of which the largest, cast in 1487 and 1507, were taken over from the demolished Königgrätzer church. The first repair took place in 1853, a collection carried out for this purpose among the residents brought in 4648 guilders 20 silver cruisers. In 2009 the church was renovated.
  • Chapel of St. Isidore
  • Jan Hus Park with Jan Hus statue
  • Statue of St. Wenceslas, built in 1845
  • Fallen memorial

Web links

Commons : Plotiště nad Labem  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ http://www.uir.cz/katastralni-uzemi/721930/Plotiste-nad-Labem
  2. ↑ Jaroslaus Schaller : Topography of the Kingdom of Bohemia , Fifteenth Part: Königgrazer Kreis, Prague a. Vienna 1790 p. 35
  3. ^ Johann Gottfried Sommer , Franz Xaver Maximilian Zippe: The Kingdom of Böhmen. Statistically and topographically presented, Vol. 4 Königgrätzer Kreis , Prague 1836, pp. 30–31
  4. ↑ https://www.czso.cz/documents/10180/20565661/13810901.pdf/3fde2441-c81b-4a1e-9b94-551e65007f70?version=1.0
  5. ↑ http://hradec.idnes.cz/na-miste-ckd-vznikne-industrial-park-dvq-/hradec-zpravy.aspx?c=A120814_1816135_hradec-zpravy_mav
  6. ↑ http://www.uir.cz/zsj-casti-obce/121932/Cast-obce-Plotiste-nad-Labem