Pstrążna (Kudowa-Zdrój)
| Pstrążna | |||
|---|---|---|---|
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| Basic data | |||
| State : | Poland | ||
| Voivodeship : | Lower Silesia | ||
| Powiat : | Kłodzko | ||
| District of: | Kudowa-Zdrój | ||
| Geographic location : | 50 ° 28 ' N , 16 ° 16' E | ||
| Residents : | |||
| Postal code : | 57-350 | ||
| Economy and Transport | |||
| Street : | Kudowa-Zdrój - Pstrążna | ||
| Next international airport : | Wroclaw | ||
Pstrążna (German: Strausseney , 1937–45: Straussdörfel ; Czech: Stroužné ) is a district of the municipality of Kudowa-Zdrój in the powiat Kłodzki in Poland.
geography
Pstrążna is located on the western slope of the Heuscheuergebirge , seven kilometers north of Kudowa-Zdrój ( Bad Kudowa ). It is reached from Czermna ( Tscherbeney / Grenzck ) through the valley of the Czermnica ( Tschorieneyer water ). The border with the Czech Republic runs from southwest to northeast. The upper part of the village is called Paseka in Czech, which means " entanglement" or " clearing ". A small road leads to the northeastern colony Bukowina Kłodzka ( Bukowine ; 1937–1945 Tannhübel ), from which an ascent to the Wild Holes ( Błędne Skały ) is possible. Beyond the border with the Czech Republic are Mokřiny and Žďárky in the southwest, Závrchy in the west, Sedmakovice and Vysoká Srbská in the northwest and Machovské Končiny and Machov in the north. The Pstrążnik ( Strausseneyer Bach , Czech: Strouženský potok ), which rises in Pstrążna , flows north of Žďárky as a left tributary into the Brlenka , which drains into the Metuje ( Mettau ).
history
Strausseney originally belonged to the Nachod rule in the old Bohemian Königgrätzer Kreis and was first mentioned in documents in 1477. At that time, Duke Heinrich d. Ä. , to which since 1472 the dominions Nachod and Hummel as well as the county Glatz belonged, the parish Tscherbeney, to which Strausseney belonged, in the dominion Hummel and this in the same year in his county Glatz. The original Czech place name was Pstružný ; In 1631 it is called an ostrich egg .
From 1541 the rule of Hummel and thus also Strausseney was owned by Johann von Pernstein . Around this time the parish of Tscherbeey, to which in addition to Tscherbeney also Strausseney, Bukowine, Jakobowitz and the later Bad Kudowa belonged, was dissolved by the Hummel dominion, which was in dissolution and soon afterwards became chamber property . This emerges from a recently found document in Breslau , with which on December 1, 1551, Emperor Ferdinand I, in his capacity as King of Bohemia, confirmed that Johann von Pernstein, who died in 1548, was pledged to Heinrich Přepyšsky von Richemberg ( Jindřich Přepyšský z Rychemberka ) donated the village "Deutsch-Tscherbeey" with some villages and then incorporated them into his county Glatz, of which he had been pledgee since 1537. The Přepyšsky von Richemberg formed the Tscherbeey rule from the parish Tscherbeney, which they sold around 1590 to the Protestant lords of Stubenberg , who incorporated it into their Neustadt an der Mettau rule , with which they remained connected until 1785.
After the First Silesian War in 1742 and finally after the Peace of Hubertusburg in 1763, Strausseney and the County of Glatz fell to Prussia . In 1785 the Counts Leslie sold the Tscherbeey manor, and with it Strausseney, to the Count Stillfried on Neurode .
After the reorganization of Prussia, Straußeney belonged to the province of Silesia since 1815 and was incorporated into the district of Glatz from 1816–1945 . From 1874, the rural community of Strausseney belonged to the Tscherbeney district . It was the only place in the catholic Glatzer Land that had a predominantly Protestant parish. In 1787 the village had 135 inhabitants; In 1910 there were 744. The inhabitants earned their living primarily as house weavers, small farmers or day laborers. After the Dierig company had set up a textile factory in Gellenau at the beginning of the 20th century , numerous house weavers also found work from Straußeney there. Because of the long walk, several of them moved their residence in the 1920s to the company apartments and houses built by Dierig in Gellenau. Hard coal has been mined in the Rosalie and Hůrka mines since the beginning of the 19th century . In 1834 these were connected to the Wilhelminen mine , which was located in the Bohemian area of Žďárky . Hard coal mining was stopped in 1929 due to a lack of profitability.
As a result of the Second World War , Strausseney fell to Poland like most of Silesia in 1945 and was renamed Pstrążna . Most of the resident population was displaced in 1946 . Numerous residents had already fled to Czechoslovakia across the nearby border . Most of the new settlers were displaced from eastern Poland . In the post-war years, however, numerous houses, farms and handicraft businesses were left to decay. The village was largely depopulated, the population decreased significantly and in 1998 was only 109 inhabitants.
Chronicle of the Evangelical-Christian community of Strausseney
Josef Ernst ( Arnošt ) Bergmann, who was the first local pastor of Strausseney from 1830 to 1849, recorded a chronicle of the Protestant community there. It was written in the Czech language and had the title: Letopisi památních události evangelicko-křesťanské obce v Stroužnym . The original of the 34-page manuscript is considered lost. The chronicle served as a template for the Czech writer Alois Jirásek in his popular novel “U nás”, which appeared in four volumes between 1895 and 1903. In the novel, the Hronow Catholic priest Josef Regner (in the novel Havlovický ) maintains friendly relations with the Straußeneyer Protestant pastor Bergmann.
The first published translation of the chronicle into German took place in 1966. The chronicle reports that there are no written documents about the beginnings of the community and that the written messages go back to stories that were passed on from generation to generation. According to this, Strausseney is said to be a Hussite foundation from the end of the 15th century. During the Reformation , many people are said to have settled in Strausseney and achieved modest prosperity. Since the community did not yet have its own church, the residents visited the churches in Tschorbeney and Machau, both of which were Protestant at the time. Due to the Thirty Years' War and the associated famine and plague as well as the persecution of religion during the Counter Reformation , the place is said to have been exterminated with the exception of a few families. It is said to have been the Hauschke, Zwikirsch and Kubetschek families who initially hid in the woods and after their return to the houses formed the germ of the later Evangelical Christian community. Further religious persecutions took place in the Seven Years' War , when the imperial army recaptured the Kłodzko Land in 1760 . The evangelical writings of the Strausseneyer congregation were confiscated and burned in front of the church in Tscherbeney. Some of the parishioners are said to have been taken to Vienna and exiled to Transylvania .
With the transfer of the Glatzer Land to Prussia in 1763, the situation of the evangelical believers improved. In 1799 a Protestant church was built in Kudowa on the Sternberg (also: Stammberg or Schlossberg ; Polish: Góra Parkowa ; Czech: Vítková Hora ) under the patronage of Count Stillfried , the owner of the Tscherbeey estate. In 1811 the faithful of Strausseney also received permission to build a small wooden church, which was inaugurated in 1813.
On the occasion of his stay at the Tscherbeneyer rectory in 1813, King Friedrich Wilhelm III. the area of Strausseney and promised the community elders to build a rectory and a school from his funds. After the end of the Napoleonic Wars , he kept the promise in 1817. 1847–1848 a new, larger stone church was built. A year later the chronicler Josef Ernst Bergmann left Strausseney and emigrated with his family to America.
After Bergmann's departure, the pastor's office remained vacant until 1851. Under his successors, the chronicle was only continued incompletely.
Attractions
- The Protestant church was built in 1848 in the neo-Romanesque style.
- The open-air museum for folklore ( Skanzen ) was built in 1984 on a hill next to a preserved forge from the 18th / 19th Century built, equipped with tools and equipment. You can also see an inn from Niederschwedeldorf as well as a weaver's cottage and a signal tower from Hallatsch .
literature
- W. Berndt, G. Münch: Josef Ernst Bergmann's chronicle of memorable events in the Evangelical Christian community in Strausseney. In: Yearbook for Silesian Church History. Volume 45, 1966, pp. 111-148.
- Peter Güttler among others: The Glatzer Land . Düsseldorf 1995, ISBN 3-928508-03-2 , pp. 107-108.
- Dehio -Manual of Art Monuments in Poland Silesia. Munich / Berlin 2005, ISBN 3-422-03109-X , p. 511.
- Ilse Käthe Helene Neumann: I often think of Silesia’s mountains. My memories of Jauer - Strausseney - Glogau . Jena 2011, ISBN 978-3-9813936-2-0 .
- Tourist map: Broumovsko, Góry Kamienne a Stołowe. Club Českých Turistů, 1998, ISBN 80-85499-46-0 .
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Jaroslav Šůla: Jména obyvatel homolského panství v XVI. a XVII. století jako doklad etnicity obyvatel regionu . In: Český koutek v Kladsku . Kladský sborník , supplementum 5, Trutnov 2008, pp. 153–208, here p. 173.
- ↑ http://territorial.de/ndschles/glatz/boundck.htm District Tscherbeney / Limitck
- ↑ This title was taken from the cited literature. It can be searched under the spelling at that time "Letopisy památnjch událostj ewang.-křesťanské obce w Straužným". See also the disc page.
- ↑ This information is not credible, as the village was mentioned in a document as early as 1477.